Administration Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Articles

Zhongfenggao Protects Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Injury by Angiogenesis.

Zhongfenggao (ZFG) is prescribed for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases in critical projects of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. ZFG has been found to nourish qi, activate blood circulation, remove blood stasis, dredge collaterals, and strengthen the brain and mind. The present study investigated the effects of ZFG on oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced injury to brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), and the mechanisms underlying such effects. BMECs are essential target cells of ischemic stroke. In order to simulate ischemic-like conditions in vitro, BMECs were exposed to glucose deprivation and hypoxia for 2 h. Results indicate that ZFG may protect OGD/R-induced injury to BMECs by promoting angiogenesis. Further, we observed that ZFG significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by OGD/R injury. ZFG significantly promoted migration and microtubule formation in BMECs under OGD/R conditions. Additionally, ZFG increased levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly and activated the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways. The results of the present study indicate that ZFG may display a protective effect against OGD/R-induced BMECs injury by promoting angiogenesis via Notch and Wnt signaling pathways. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic action of ZFG which shows promise as a potential drug candidate for treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Safety Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine: Methods, Applications, and Outlook

Abstract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a medical system that has collected and summarized abundant clinical experience over its long history of more than 2000 years. However, the frequent occurrence of TCM-induced adverse reactions has hindered the modernization and internationalization of TCM, while attracting increasing attention from around the world. Unlike chemical drugs and biological agents, the difficulties involved in research on the toxicity and safety of TCM mainly include the complexity of its components and the unpredictability of drug–body interactions. Much of TCM, which has overall therapeutic effects, has the typical mechanisms of multiple components, multiple pathways, and multiple targets. While considering the gradualness and unpredictability of TCM toxicity, the ambiguity of toxicants and safe dosage, and individual differences during long-term TCM administration, we have systematically established key techniques for the toxicity assessment of TCM. These techniques mainly include TCM toxicity discovery in an early phase, based on a combination of drug toxicology genomics and metabolomics; methods to identify dose–toxicity relationships in TCM; and integrated techniques for the exploration of TCM interactions, such as fast-screening tests based on drug-metabolizing enzymes and receptor pathways. In particular, we have developed a new technical system for TCM safety evaluation using molecular toxicology, which has been validated well in research on TCM compatibility contraindication, quality control, and allergen discovery. The application of this key technical platform is introduced here in detail. This application includes model organisms, toxicant biomarkers, a magnetic suspension technique, and the application of network toxicology and computational toxicology in research on the toxicity of Fructus toosendan, Semen cassiae, Polygonum multiflorum, and Fructus psoraleae.

The Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Threatened Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta - Analysis

Background: Threatened abortion is a common complication during early pregnancy. Conventional managements for the miscarriage include bed rest, hormone therapy and muscle relaxants. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is also the popular option for the women. Evidence to support the efficacy and safety of TCM in treating threatened abortion is still limited. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Chinese medicine in the treatment of threatened abortion compared with the hormone therapy t hrough a systematic review and meta - analysis. Methods: The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were electronically retrieved in the database of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database (Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology), VIP Data and PubMed between January 1 2008 and December 1 2018 with the pre - designed search strategy. The outcomes included the clinical effectiveness, the clotting time of vaginal bleeding, pain reduction in lower abdomen, and incidences of adverse event s. The software RevMan 5.1 was employed for the meta - analysis. Results: Twenty - three studies were included in the systematic review and meta - analysis, which enrolled 2014 pregnant women (1006 in the treatment group and 1008 in the control). The meta - analys is of clinical effectiveness showed that TCM significantly decreased rate of miscarriage compared with the conventional therapy. In the subgroup analysis of miscarriage rate in women, oral administration of TCM was more effective than either the injected o r oral administration of conventional medications. Further analysis showed that oral TCM was more effective than the injection of progesterone only or combined with hCG, even the oral progesterone. Conclusions: The study indicated that TCM was likely more effective than conventional therapy in treating threatened abortion with unclear adverse events. However, due to the low quality of included studies, larger scales of RCTs and more scientific evidence are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of TC M for threatened abortion.

Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials of Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis of Yang-deficiency Pattern by Acupuncture Plus Moxibustion

To compare the therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus moxibustion and simple acupuncture in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of yang-deficiency syndrome. Fifty-eight KOA patients with yang-deficiency syndrome were chosen and randomly divided into acupuncture plus moxibustion group (n＝30) and acupuncture group (n＝28). Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35), Liangqiu (ST 34), Heding (EX-LE 2), Xuehai (SP 10), Yanglingquan (GB 34) on the affected side of the body were punctured with filiform needles or/and stimulated with moxibustion using seed-sized moxa cones. The treatment was conducted once daily for 10 days, followed with another 10 days after 2 days interval. The pain severity was evaluated by using visual analogue scale (VAS), and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were used to measure the KOA pain, stiffness and function before and after the treatment, and 1 month after the treatment. The therapeutic effect was also evaluated according to the "Standards for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Effect Evaluation of Diseases/Syndromes of Traditional Chinese Medicine" (issued by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China in 1994). Twenty days and 1 month after the treatment, the scores of VAS, and KOA pain, stiffness and motor function of WOMAC were significantly decreased in both groups in comparison with their own pre-treatment (P<0.01), and were obviously lower in the acupuncture plus moxibustion group than in the acupuncture group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Of the 28 and 30 cases in the acupuncture and acupuncture plus moxibustion groups, 7 and 12 experienced marked improvement, 12 and 16 were effective, 9 and 2 ineffective, with the therapeutic effect being 67.86% and 93.33%, respectively. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture plus moxibustion was apparently superior to that of simple acupuncture (P<0.05). Acupuncture plus moxibustion is significantly superior to simple acupuncture therapy in relieving symptoms of KOA patients, and also has a better post-effect.

Precise application of Traditional Chinese Medicine in minimally-invasive techniques

Precise application of Traditional Chinese Medicine in minimally-invasive techniques

Predictors of Recurrent Stroke in Patients with First-Ever Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Single-Institute Study

As previous research has suggested that recurrent stroke (RS) adversely affects the life of survivors of ischemic stroke (IS), we aimed to assess the relationship between RS and the potential risk factors in patients with first-ever IS. We prospectively studied consecutive patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were admitted within the first 7 days of onset to the Acute Stroke Unit at the Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital between November 2012 and January 2014. We recorded demographic factors, vascular risk factors, previous Rankin scale score, and etiology. The association between stroke recurrence and its risk factors was analyzed by using multivariable Cox regression model. Out of a total of 421 patients, 57 (13.5%) patients experienced RS during the follow-up period. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that smoking [hazard ratio (HR), 2.153; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.263-3.671], high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (HR, 0.438; 95% CI, 0.211-0.911), housework (HR, 0.488; 95% CI, 0.256-0.933), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (HR, 2.998; 95% CI, 1.281-7.020), daily consumption of fresh fruits (HR, 0.477; 95% CI, 0.278-0.819), and good sleep quality (HR, 0.375; 95% CI, 0.216-0.650) were associated with RS among stroke patients. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyle (high fruit intake, smoking cessation, housework, good sleep quality), higher HDL levels, and absence of IHD were associated with a lower risk of RS in patients with first-ever IS. Funding Statement: This work was partially supported by the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (201707010436 to ZXH), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Medical Scientific Research Projects (YY2016-005 to ZXH), and Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province, China (20173024 to XTL; 20181012 to ZXH). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital.

A combination of representative compounds, metabolism platform and diagnostic extraction strategy for characterization of metabolites of Shuang-Huang-Lian oral liquid in vivo by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) usually contained a large number of chemical components, which could be transformed into more complex metabolites in vivo. In this work, a “Representative compounds-Metabolism platform-Diagnostic extraction” strategy (RMD strategy) was proposed for comprehensively identification or characterization of xenobiotics in rat after oral administration of TCMs. Shuang-Huang-Lian oral liquid (SHL), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine preparation, was used as an example. The metabolic pathways of six representative compounds, bearing five different core structures in SHL, were elucidated and their metabolic reactions were employed for exploring metabolites of homologous components in metabolism platform. Meanwhile, diagnostic ions extraction were also used for screening more structural analogues in biofluids. All this work was completed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Qtof MS) and UNIFI metabolism platform. As a result, a total of 254 xenobiotics were identified or tentatively characterized in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of SHL and six representative compounds. The metabolism reaction included phase I reaction (hydroxylation, hydrolysis reaction, deglycosylation, hydrogenation, demethylation, dehydroxylation and ring opening reaction) and phase II reaction (glucuronidation, sulfation and methylation). This research provided useful information for further study of the pharmacology and mechanism of SHL in vivo. It also demonstrated that RMD strategy was an efficient approach for facilitate screening-out and rapid identification of xenobiotics in biological samples after oral administration of TCMs.

Acupotomy therapy for joint pain relief of lumbar disc herniation-systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a major public health problem and a serious affect on work and life. Few effective medical treatments for the disease currently exist. Acupotomy therapy as an acceptful minimally-invasive surgical treatment has been used for LDH pain. It combines tradition Chinese medicine and micro-surgery that separates neurolemma and muscle of patients' back, resulting in pain relief. A comprehensive literature review is a key link to understand its benefits and for guiding treatment for LDH pain relief. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of acupotomy for pain associated with LDH. Methods: We performed a search on Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, 3 universal Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan Fang and VIP), and reference lists of published articles through Oct 2017. We include randomized controlled trials using acupotomy therapy for LDH patients who met the LDH of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM diasease diagnosis and efficacy standards). The effect of acupotomy on pain relief was measured with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA). Study quality was evaluated with Jadad criteria assessing randomization, single blinding, and dropout rates for each study. The differences between treatment groups were reported as mean change (P-value). Results: After screening 513 abstracts, 9 studies met eligibility criteria and were conducted between 2008 and 2017. A total of 1,118 LDH patients (39% female, mean age = 48years, mean symptom duration = 48 months) were included. Table 1 summarizes the trials evaluating the effect of acupotomy therapy on pain relief of LDH. The typical treatment was once a week, for 1–4 weeks. Nine studies used all acupuncture .The overall quality of trials was modest (mean Jadad score = 2.5). All studies reported an effect of acupotomy on pain relief compared to controls. Figure 1 shows a meta-analysis comparing effects of acupotomy therapy with controls on pain relief. A meta-analysis comparing acupotomy with other controls is not reported due to variation in outcomes assessed. Adverse events were not reported. Conclusions: Acupotomy treatment may improve pain which is connected with LDH. Further rigorously designed and well-controlled RCTs with long-term follow-up are warranted.Table 1Nine RCTs of acupotomy therapy on Lumbar disc herniationAuthor YearNa(Age)bAcupotomy therapyControlsDuration - (weeks)Pain Mean Differencec (P-value)-1Peng 2014200 (ND)Release soft tissue adhesion (once/5day;3times)Acupuncture therapy (30 min,1time/1day, 7days)2VASd score: ↓0.76 (P < 0.01) JOA score: ↑4.24 (P < 0.01)Meng 2012120(48y)Release soft tissueadhesion (once/wk;4times)Acupuncture therapy (30 min,3times/1wk,4wks)4JOAe score: ↑0.6 (P < 0.01)Liu 2015196 (46y)Release soft tissue adhesion (once/3days;5times)Acupuncture therapy (30 min, 1time/1day,15days)2VAS score: ↓1.2 (P < 0.01)Zhang 201390 (42y)Release soft tissue adhesion (once/3-5days;2wks)Acupuncture therapy (30 min,1time/1day,2wks)2VAS score: ↓0.76 (P < 0.05)Shi 2008120 (48y)Release soft tissue adhesion (once/5-7days;6times)Acupuncture therapy (30 min, 1times/1day, 4wks)4VAS score: ↓1.33 (P < 0.01)Wu 2012100 (57y)Release soft tissue adhesion (once/wk,3times)Acupuncture therapy (30 min, 1times/1day, 3wks)3VAS score: ↓1.82 (P < 0.05)Li 2017130 (ND)Release soft tissue adhesion (once/wk;4times)Acupuncture therapy (30 min, 1times/1day, 4wks)4JOA score: ↑2.02 (P < 0.01)Hao 201580 (ND)Release tissue under points of pain (once/wk,4times)Acupuncture therapy (30 min, 1times/1wk, 4wks)4VAS score: ↓1.72 (P < 0.05)Wang 201382 (53y)Release soft tissue adhesion (once/3days;5times)Acupuncture therapy (30 min, 1times/1day, 15days)2JOA score: ↑9.72 (P < 0.01)a N= number of patients included;b Mean age reported in years; cMean difference was calculated between group comparisons; dVAS; Visual Analogue Scale (range 0-10, lower score = better outcome);e JOA: Japanese Orthopedic Association (higher score = better outcome). Open table in a new tab a N= number of patients included;b Mean age reported in years; cMean difference was calculated between group comparisons; dVAS; Visual Analogue Scale (range 0-10, lower score = better outcome);e JOA: Japanese Orthopedic Association (higher score = better outcome).

Treatment of Occipital Neuralgia by Electroacupuncture Combined with Neural Mobilization

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with neural mobilization (NM) in the treatment of occipital neuralgia. A total of 62 occipital neuralgia patients were randomized into EA group (19 cases), NM group (22 cases) and EA＋NM group (21 cases). EA was applied at acupoint-pairs as Yuzhen (BL 9)- Tianzhu (BL 10), Fengchi (GB 20)- Wangu (GB 12), etc. NM intervention consisted of occipital muscle group mobilization, C2 spinous process mobilization, cervical joint passive movement management mobilization, etc., was performed at the impaired cervical spine segment. The two methods were used in combination for patients in the EA＋NM group. All the treatment was given once a day for 2 weeks. Before and after treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the 6-point (1－6 points) behavioral rating scale (BRS-6) of headache were used to assess the severity of pain. The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the "Criteria for Diagnosis and Cure-Improvement of Clinical Conditions" formulated by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China in 1994. After treatment, both VAS and BRS-6 scores were significantly lower than those before treatment in each of the three groups (P<0.05), and were significantly lower in the EA＋NM group than in the simple EA and simple NM groups (P<0.01,P<0.05). The total effective rates were 78.95% (15/19) in the EA group, 68.18% (15/22) in the NM group, and 90.48% (19/21) in the EA＋NM group, with an obviously better therapeutic effect being in the EA＋NM group relevant to each of the other two treatment groups (P<0.05). EA, NM and EA combined with NM can improve symptoms of patients with occipital neuralgia, and EA＋NM has a synergic analgesic effect for occipital neuralgia.

Pharmacological effect of combined administration of natures, tastes and components of Chinese herbal compounds

The combined administration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) aims at comprehensive adjustment of body based on the theory of TCM and the theory of Chinese medicine property. The natures and tastes of TCM are the core of the theory of TCM property. The combined administration of natures and tastes of TCM is one of the important theories of prescription compatibility. The objective of study on the combined administration of natures and tastes of prescriptions according to symptoms of disease is to clarify the compatibility mechanism of prescriptions. The study on the compound compatibility of TCM under the guidance of theory of TCM focuses on the relationship between the composition, dosage and compatibility of TCM by using modern high-tech means. It demonstrates the effective combination of TCM theory and modern technology, and the inheritance and innovation of TCM theory. The study of the effect and mechanism of compatibility of natures and tastes of TCM under the guidance of TCM theory is helpful for the analysis of the compatibility effect and mechanism of TCM based on the pharmacological effect of natures and tastes of TCM. The correlation between the pharmacological effect of natures and tastes of TCM and the pharmacological effect of components were studied by modern informatics, which is beneficial to promote the development of theory of TCM compound. The study of the compatibility between natures, tastes and component of TCM shall pay attention to the combination of pharmacological effects of natures, tastes and component of TCM, so as to define the scientific connotation of the compatibility of TCM, and make full use of the characteristics and advantages of TCM. The methods and pharmacological effects of the combined administration of TCM compounds are reviewed to provide the theoretical basis for the development of new drugs and clinical application.

Information work of national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources

In order to promote the protection, development and rational utilization on traditional Chinese medicine resources (TCM resoueces), the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine is organizing and implementing the fourth national survey on TCM resources. Informatization is the core for this survey and is also one of the main innovative points which transcend the previous three surveys. The extensive application on informatization technology has not only improved the work efficiency of the survey, but also expanded the new development directions of TCM resources research. In order to give full play to the leading role of informatization on leading the innovation in the survey, the survey office organized relevant researchers to sort out the relevant information during the pilot work and wrote a series of articles to form a special issue of informationization work on TCM resources. It demonstrated the staged achievements of informatization in the survey from 5 aspects which are including the overall progress of the survey, the collection and compilation of the core indicators, the development of the database software systems, the national planning and implementation supported by big data and the study of single species. During the pilot phase, the survey data was collected and gathered by using the modern technology, the demonstration applications was developed based on the data information which is serving the relevant organizational administration and scientific research on TCM resources, which injected a new impetus to the healthy and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine.

Brief introduction to progress of national census of Chinese medicine resources (pilot)

Since the beginning of 2011, with the strong support of the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine has organized the pilot work on the census of traditional Chinese medicine resources (hereinafter referred to as the "pilot work"). At all levels of Chinese medicine management departments under the joint efforts of the pilot work has achieved initial results. For the fourth national comprehensive implementation of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the technical methods have been optimized, the working teams have been professionally trained, and the experiences are accumulated. All of these laid a solid foundation for the work. As of August 2017, through the "National Resources Survey Information Management System". The initial summary of the Chinese medicine resourcesdisplayed more than 200 million collected data, more than 500 million photos, and more than 20 million copies of dried specimens and other physical materials.Furthermore more than 40 species of new species were found by the participant workers participate in the relevant Chinese medicine resources survey. During the pilot work, a central platformhas initially formed, 28 provincial-level traditional Chinese medicine raw material quality monitoring technical service center, 66 county-level monitoring stations of Chinese medicine resources dynamic monitoring information and technical service system were established.The information monitoring services of 190 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine prices, circulation and planting area of six major categories of, Chinese herbal medicine quality, field management and other 10 categories of technical services were launched. In the 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), the construction of 28 Chinese herbal medicine seed breeding base were arranged, nearly 160 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine seed breeding production were carried out. And in Hainan and Sichuan province, two Chinese herbal medicine germplasm resources bases were established, preserve the germplasm resources collected in traditional Chinese medicine resources census work were preserved.

Study and opinion on toxicity of aristolochic acid

On October 18th, 2017, a research article named "Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are widely implicated in liver cancers in Taiwan and throughout Asia" was published on Science Translational Medicine. This article pointed out that herbs containing aristolochic acids could cause liver cancer by inducing the specific "aristolochic acids mutational signature". The public was also suggested to avoid the intake of herbs containing aristolochic acids. Since 2000, CFDA has gradually abolished the medicinal standards for herbs containing aristolochic acids such as caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis, aristolochia heterophylla and radix aristolochiae. Related drugs have been strengthened supervision since then. Chinese Pharmacopoeia has also removed the records of a series of related herbs. State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine held a conference on the "toxicity" of aristolochic acids as soon as the article was published. After a discussion of the studies on the toxicity of aristolochic acids, experts attending the meeting discovered several problems, including the unclearness of exposure history, tumor-producing dose and latent period, the absence of some key factors such as hepatitis B, the small sample size, miscellaneous factors, incomplete evidence chains, the missing of analyses between data with huge differences, the insufficiency of fundamental research arguments, etc. In order to understand the toxicity of aristolochic acids and the carcinogenic risks, as well as guide clinical safe medication, the experts suggested that：①Complete the systematical evaluation of aristolochic acids carcinogenicity as soon as possible. Scientifically elucidate the relationship between aristolochic acids and the genesis of liver cancer. ②Establish medication risk warnings of aristolochic acids and strengthen the supervision. ③Make an in-depth study of the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine. Find out the adverse effects of all traditional Chinese medicine step by step.

Design and implementation of data reporting system for Chinese materia medica resources survey

The collection, summary and sharing of all kinds of survey data are one of the main tasks and achievements in the national census of Chinese materia medica resources organized and implemented by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is a key link in the implementation of the national census of Chinese materia medica resources. Based on the client / server architecture, the data reporting system for Chinese materia medica resources survey has been established for reporting system application model of geospatial data service based on Web implementation, through the SOA framework, to achieve the data collection summary of the seven aspects of the local data configuration, data reporting, data verification, data reporting, PDA data import and export, APP data import, track instrument data import. The system services include the general investigation, the focus of investigation, specimen information, herbs sample information, market research, germplasm survey, traditional knowledge survey of these seven aspects of the 312 indicators of the report, serving the Chinese materia medica resource survey of field survey data collection and internal data collation. The system provides the technical support for the national census of Chinese materia medica resources, improves the efficiency of the census of Chinese materia medica resources, and is conducive to the long-term preservation of the data of Chinese materia medica resources census, the transformation and sharing of the results.

Application of Omaha system to the unstable angina pectoris patient nursing of vital energy deficiency and blood stasis

Objective Nursing intervention evaluation is conducted to the unstable angina pectoris patient nursing of vital energy deficiency and blood stasis through Omaha system to make a complete clinical nursing system so as to improve the nursing quality. Methods A total of 74 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group in accordance with diagnosis standard, 37 cases of each group.The patients of control group had nursing according to the Chinese traditional medical nursing scheme of vital energy deficiency and blood stasis patients of chest obstruction and cardiac pain disease issued by Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration, and Omaha system was applied to the patients of observation group for nursing.In addition, SAQ (Seattle angina questionnaire) score and Omaha system outcome evaluation form Likert 5 score digital measurement were applied 3 weeks before and after admission to and discharge from hospital to have evaluation for the patients. Results SAQ score and Omaha system outcome evaluation form Likert 5 score digital measurement score of patients in observation group were superior to control group. The difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusion Omaha question classification system model has operability on the nursing of unstable angina pectoris patients of vital energy deficiency and blood stasis, which can further improve nursing quality, promote the evaluation of clinical nursing and implementation of integral nursing. Key words: Omaha system; Unstable angina pectoris; Nursing

Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Technology in Oncology

Objective: To explore the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing technology in clinical nursing of oncology. Methods: Through the training and learning of TCM care organized by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the theoretical knowledge and practical skills of TCM with six bases are mastered. The TCM special nursing techniques that suitable for cancer patients were selected, then promoted and applied in our department. Results: The level of TCM theory of nursing staffs and Chinese medicine care operation technology were improved significantly. Satisfaction of tumor patients and their families towards nursing service was improved. Conclusion: Chinese medicine theory and skills are the basis of Chinese medicine care. TCM Nursing Technology should be given full play to the advantages of TCM.

Modernization of Acupuncture Education in Europe and China: A Report from Austria

The present report deals with some current important aspects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) education and practice in Europe and China. The data and facts are based on a lecture of one of the authors (G.L.) prepared for a conference in Wuhan about acupuncture education in Europe, and lectures of two high-ranking representatives of renowned Chinese institutions (State Administration of TCM and Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin). In addition to current figures regarding TCM in general, the advantages of TCM are reported, and special cooperations of the important university in the North of China are introduced.

Impact of ″imprinting templates″ characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine injection supramolecules on (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility

The (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility mechanism of ″imprinting templates″ characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection supramolecules was clarified to lay the foundation to build safety evaluation method. Based on the previous publication on special impact of Chinese medicine theories on supramolcular chemistry, combined with the natural origination of (anaphylactoid) hypersensitized special rules as well as the sensitization phenomenon of cordate houttuynia injection, the impact of the structure characteristics of ″imprinting templates″ in TCM injection supramolecules on its (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility was clarified. In Chinese medicine injections, the supramolecular structures can independently be generated, showing overall apparent (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility nature, and their structure characteristics were dependent on the strength. In addition, (anaphylactoid) hypersensitive critical supramolecular structure was present. When it was administrated by ″injection″, it's structure was not easy to be destroyed, often showing apparent immunogenicity, whereas if it was administrated by ″oral″, the structure would be destroyed by the gastrointestinal tract, showing weaker or no apparent immunogenicity. Therefore, there are differences in (anaphylactoid) hypersensibility between ″injection″ and ″oral″ administration of TCM. TCM injections would produce the supramolecules between ″molecular society″ by independent reaction of supramolecular ″imprinting template″ (chemical determinants), showing apparent immune process of recognition, copying, and storage. Single molecule is a special example for this. The screening of anaphylactoid (sensitinogen) includes the single ingredients and their forming supramolecules for TCM injection. This is the unique feature for safety evaluation of Chinese medicine injection.

President Hong Sun delivered keynote speech in WMTC-BOAO 2016

The World Medical Tourism & Global Healthcare Congress (WMTC-BOAO) 2016, kicked off in Boao, Hainan Province, on the morning of June 29, 2016 ( Figure 1 ). This event was endorsed by the National Health and Family Planning Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, co-hosted by the People’s Government of Hainan Province and Medical Tourism Association, and supported by professional institutions such as China Health Management Association. Prof. Hong Sun, vice president of China Health Management Association and president of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, was invited to chair a panel discussion and give a keynote lecture ( Figure 2 ).

Development of Alginate Microspheres Containing Chuanxiong for Oral Administration to Adult Zebrafish.

Oral administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by patients is the common way to treat health problems. Zebrafish emerges as an excellent animal model for the pharmacology investigation. However, the oral delivery system of TCM in zebrafish has not been established so far. This issue was addressed by development of alginate microparticles for oral delivery of chuanxiong, a TCM that displays antifibrotic and antiproliferative effects on hepatocytes. The delivery microparticles were prepared from gelification of alginate containing various levels of chuanxiong. The chuanxiong-encapsulated alginate microparticles were characterized for their solubility, structure, encapsulation efficiency, the cargo release profile, and digestion in gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish. Encapsulation of chuanxiong resulted in more compact structure and the smaller size of microparticles. The release rate of chuanxiong increased for alginate microparticles carrying more chuanxiong in simulated intestinal fluid. This remarkable feature ensures the controlled release of encapsulated cargos in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish. Moreover, chuanxiong-loaded alginate microparticles were moved to the end of gastrointestinal tract after oral administration for 6 hr and excreted from the body after 16 hr. Therefore, our developed method for oral administration of TCM in zebrafish is useful for easy and rapid evaluation of the drug effect on disease.