Administration Of Questionnaire Research Articles

Design and Implementation of a Standardised Clinical Decision Support Algorithm for Fever

This study aims to design a decision support tool to assist in providing quality treatment that is consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian National guidelines. The system is designed to allow clinicians to administer care within their competent level working from one algorithm. The system will help them to identify emergencies associated with fever symptoms and to recommend stabilisation actions before a referral is made. This new system allows structured assessment of patients who should receive optimal care and improved data transmission to the next caregiver. In this study, we used an explanatory approach, starting with the quantitative data collection phase which is the administration of questionnaires and Pre and Post questionnaires followed by qualitative data from focus group discussions over the clinician experience using the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). Focus group discussions were performed to authenticate the quantitative data to have a more holistic view of the CDSS. Using elements of the decision support system together with the clinician's decision showed that the clinicians felt that they worked more systematically and communicated more effectively with others. They felt more professional when using the decision support system. 73% of clinicians reported using CDSS in almost every consultation and 93% used the CDSS in the majority of their consultations during the three-month testing period. The mean total test score before the CDSS was 2.5 and this increased by the end of the test period to a mean score of 9.6, an improvement of 74.4%. The results of this study showed that with the help of a decision support system, patients were properly identified and stabilised before they were referred, and the clinicians stayed on their competency level. It allowed caregivers to interact professionally without bias. However, the decision support system requires more extensive testing to enhance the evidence base relating to the vital parameters and the use of the decision support system.

The Canadian Birth Place Study: Development, Validation and Administration of a Questionnaire for Multi-disciplinary Maternity Care Providers

The debate between professional groups in Canada about the advisability of planned home birth continues. The Canadian Birth Place Study examines Canadian registered midwives', family physicians', and obstetricians' experiences with and attitudes towards planned home birth, as well as factors associated with in those attitudes. Evidence based strategies were applied to the development, validity testing, and implementation of a cross-sectional questionnaire to a multi-disciplinary sample of maternity care providers.The survey questions and attitude scale items were adapted from a previously validated questionnaire and reviewed by two discipline-specific expert panels. Experts provided qualitative comments and rated each socio-demographic and attitude item on three 4-point Likert-type scales to evaluate importance, clarity, and relevance. Aggregated scores (content validity indices) demonstrated strong content validity of items. The questionnaire construction and administration plan incorporated best practices for increasing response rates among healthcare providers, as well as participation from multiple perspectives on a controversial topic across study populations.

Implications of the Consciousness State on Decannulation in Patients With a Prolonged Disorder of Consciousness

ObjectiveTo prospectively investigate the evolution of the consciousness state and the cannula-weaning progression in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness. DesignNonconcurrent cohort study. SettingA rehabilitation unit. ParticipantsAdult patients (N=144) with prolonged disorders of consciousness after a severe acquired brain injury admitted between June 2020 and September 2022. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresConsciousness state was assessed by repeated Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) questionnaire administration at admission and weekly afterward. The dates of the first improvement of consciousness state and the achievement of decannulation were recorded. Decannulation followed an internal protocol of multiprofessional rehabilitation. ResultsOne hundred forty-four patients were included: age, 69 years; 64 (44.4%) with hemorrhagic etiology; time post onset, 40 days, CRS-R score at admission, 9, median length of stay, 90 days. Seventy-three (50.7%) patients were decannulated. They showed a significantly higher CRS-R (P<.001) and states of consciousness (P<.001) at admission, at the first improvement of the consciousness state (P=.003), and at discharge (P<.001); a lower severity in the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale at admission (P=.01); and a lower rate of pulmonary infections with recurrence (P=.021), compared with nondecannulated patients. Almost all decannulated patients (97.3%) improved their consciousness before decannulation. Consciousness states at decannulation were as follows: unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 0 (0%); minimally conscious state (MCS) minus, 4 (5.5%); MCS plus, 7 (9.6%); and emergence from MCS, 62 (84.9%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant divergence between the curves with a higher probability of decannulation in patients who improved consciousness (P<.001). ConclusionsThis study showed that the presence of signs of consciousness, even subtle, is a necessary condition for decannulation, suggesting that consciousness may influence some of the components implied in the decannulation process.

Development and content validity of the DizzyQuest

IntroductionVestibular disorders have a high prevalence and impact on general health. Currently questionnaires to measure vestibular symptoms and the impact on daily life, do not capture disease-specific symptoms or induce recall bias. The DizzyQuest was introduced, to measure vestibular symptoms in the flow of daily life, using the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) strategy. The development and content validity of the DizzyQuest are described in this article.MethodsThe development process consisted of two stages: First, the development of a concept version of the DizzyQuest based on the conceptual model of positive health, semi-structured interviews with patients diagnosed with bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) and expert input. Second, the assessment of content validity through a 4-week pilot trial, followed by focus group meetings with patients and professionals separately.ResultsPatient interviews, an expert meeting and a conceptual model resulted in the first pilot version of the DizzyQuest, which included a morning-, within-day-, evening- and attack-questionnaire. To report patient characteristics, complimentary patient- and doctor-questionnaires were added. The pilot trial (N = 5) and two patient focus group meetings resulted in multiple suggestions for response options. Two professional focus group meetings provided recommendations for sampling time and sampling schedule. As a result, two versions of the DizzyQuest were developed, consisting of a regular DizzyQuest (DQ) and an extended DizzyQuest-XL (DQ-XL).ConclusionThe DizzyQuest enables the administration of multiple questionnaires during the flow of daily life, therefore increasing reliability and ecological validity. The DQ and DQ-XL, using a big data approach, has the potential to improve precision medicine.

City Image Shaping Elements in Manado’s Megamas

The Megamas area encompasses 37 hectares of reclaimed beachfront land, hosting malls, hotels, and recreational spaces vital for bolstering tourism in Manado. Positioned facing Bunaken Island, Megamas stands as a must-visit destination for tourists. Leveraging Kevin Lynch's theory of city image formation, which comprises landmarks, paths, districts, nodes, and edges, this study aims to scrutinize the components shaping the urban identity of Megamas Manado. Employing qualitative methods, the research commenced with on-site observations to gain nuanced insights, followed by questionnaire administration to gauge public perceptions regarding the five elements of city image formation. The findings highlight Megamall as the predominant landmark, with adjacent public spaces serving as nodes, and corridors like Jl. Piere Tendean and thoroughfares such as Jl. E. E. Mangindaan and Jalan K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid acting as pathways. Moreover, shopping centers emerge as prominent districts within the Megamas area.

Psychological distress among low-vision patients

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to measure the mental well-being of patients suffering from low vision using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Methods: Low-vision patients who visited the low-vision clinic of CL Gupta Eye Institute were studied using the DASS. Patients were excluded if they were &lt;18 years old or could not understand the questionnaire due to an intellectual disability. Sociodemographic characters (such as age, gender, marital status, and education) were recorded before the administration of the study questionnaire. Results: In this study of 60 low-vision patients, high rates of psychological distress were observed, with 85% experiencing depression, 81.7% anxiety, and 75% stress. Demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, and education did not significantly affect these rates. However, individuals with severe visual impairment (VI) or blindness had significantly higher prevalence rates for depression (P = 0.003), anxiety (P = 0.001), and stress (P = 0.013). Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among low-vision patients, with the most pronounced impact seen in individuals with severe VI or blindness. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions to improve the well-being of low-vision patients, especially those with severe VI. Tailored support can significantly enhance their overall quality of life and psychological health.

Changes in attitudes towards telemedicine in acute burn care following the Covid-19 pandemic

BackgroundTelemedical referrals after burn injury had been shown to be advantageous over telephone referrals for multiple reasons, however there were several key barriers towards complete implementation. The Covid-19 pandemic facilitated the adoption of telemedicine to ensure the safety of both clinicians and patients. Due to the circumstances, it was unclear whether the pre-pandemic barriers still existed despite the complete implementation of telemedicine. This study aims to evaluate clinicians’ views about the barriers towards implementation of a specific telemedicine system for burns referrals, and their changing attitudes following the pandemic, to identify key domains for improvement in current and future telemedicine systems. MethodsA questionnaire was created to evaluate the attitudes of referring clinicians towards telemedicine, following literature searches and administration of a pilot questionnaire. This was administered via telephone to staff working in EDs and MIUs which referred to the South-West United Kingdom Burns Network using the Medical Data Solutions and Services (MDSAS) system, in both 2019 and 2022. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the attitudes of clinicians towards telemedicine both pre- and post-pandemic. Results100 respondents completed the survey in 2019 and 70 in 2022, with similar demographics of respondents. Out of the twelve barriers identified, the lack of reliable Wi-Fi and need to duplicate notes were identified as the main obstacles to implementation in both time periods. In both years, the single greatest barrier reported was poor access to reliable Wi-Fi (p = 0.944). Miscommunication between clinicians using the system, inadequate numbers of devices and financial constraints were identified less frequently as barriers in 2022 than 2019 (p = 0.005, p = 0.047 and p < 0.001 respectively). However, significantly more respondents reported time pressures when waiting for a response to their telemedicine referral in 2022 (p = 0.022). ConclusionOverall, clinicians displayed a positive attitude towards the MDSAS system for acute burns, with clinicians identifying fewer concerns with the system following the Covid-19 pandemic. However, concerns over the time pressures that this telemedicine system places on the referring clinician and existing Wi-Fi infrastructure persist. Further streamlining of the system and investment in internet access is recommended, with continued input from all stakeholders.

Willingness to Pay Estimation for the Restoration of Water Quality of a Eutrophic Lake

Lakes are recognized as highly susceptible to the impacts of various anthropogenic activities, making them one of the most vulnerable aquatic ecosystems. These ecosystems frequently experience degradation due to the lack of policies recognizing the importance of their often overlooked regulating ecosystem services. A contingent valuation approach was employed to assess the stakeholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the restoration of the water quality of a eutrophic lake using the case of Tadlac Lake, situated within the municipality of Los Baños, Laguna Province, Philippines. The findings of the study revealed that households in the area expressed a WTP of Php 95.88/household/month or Php 1,150.56/household/year (1 USD=55.89 Php), with 72.30% of respondents indicating their readiness to support efforts to improve the water quality of Tadlac Lake. The likelihood of a positive response significantly varied depending on factors such as the offered price, gender, educational attainment, duration of residency, household size, income, and the method of questionnaire administration (cheap talk vs. non-cheap talk). These results underscore the community’s favorable disposition towards investing in improving Tadlac Lake’s water quality. This valuation study contributes a fresh perspective on lake management strategies. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of environmental education regarding social-ecological dynamics as a crucial requirement for crafting comprehensive policies that will steer sustainable management of natural lake resources.

The Influence of the Computerised Accounting System on the Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case of Iringa Municipality

This study assessed the influence of computerised accounting systems on the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Iringa Municipality. The study’s overall objective was to assess the impact of the computerised accounting system on the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. This study used a descriptive research design, with 80 small and medium enterprises participating. The data were collected through the administration of questionnaires, analysed descriptively using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, and presented in the form of tables and figures. The study findings indicated a positive correlation between technology utilisation and accounting practices, demonstrating that computerised accounting systems significantly impacted the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. Furthermore, the findings suggested that the implementation of computerised accounting systems improved efficiency within Small and Medium Enterprises. Lastly, the research revealed that the majority of Small and Medium Enterprises produced accurate financial reports, which had a notable influence on their overall financial performance. The study recommended Small and Medium Enterprises to install computerised accounting systems due to their associated benefits.

Learner’s Well-Being and Adjustment in Mathematics 9 Under In-Person Class

Learners transitioned from distance learning (MDL) to in-person classes. Subsequently, their well-being and adjustment were assessed. This study aims to explore the relationship between learners' well-being and adjustment more comprehensively. Employing a correlational quantitative research design, it utilized a researcher-developed questionnaire. Prior consent for questionnaire administration was obtained from the school principal, parents, and learners. Statistical analyses involved mean, standard deviation, and chi-square tests. Results indicate that learners' well-being across physical, affective, cognitive, economic, and social domains ranged from moderate. Emotional adjustment (EA) was found to be slight, while social adjustment (SA) and academic adjustment (AA) were moderate. Significant correlations were observed between physical well-being (PW) and EA, PW, and SA, affective well-being (AW) and EA, AW and AA, cognitive well-being (CW) and EA, CW, and SA, economic well-being (EW) and EA, and EW and SA. Based on these findings, the implementation of Project SWAM is recommended.

An Evaluation of the Innovative Funding Models on Effective Administration of Secondary Schools in Imo State, Nigeria

There is room for innovations at every given point in time including in the financial management of educational institutions. Innovative funding models are contemporary funding models explored and used in effective and efficient financial maintenance of an institution. This institution can be educational, financial, religious, business, and so on. This study examined the influence of innovative funding models on administration of secondary schools in Imo State. Two research questions guided the study while two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 297 principals which comprised 83 males and 214 females. There was no sampling procedure because the population was manageable. The questionnaire used for data collection was a 15-item structured titled “Innovative Funding Models on Effective Administration of Secondary Schools Questionnaire (IFMEASSQ)”. The questionnaire was validated by three research experts, two experts in Educational Management from the Department of Social Science Education and one expert in Measurement and Evaluation unit of Department of Educational Foundations, all from Faculty of Education, Imo State University (IMSU), Owerri. Cronbach Alpha statistic was used to compute the internal consistency of the instrument which yielded .83 and .81 for clusters 1 and 2 with an overall reliability index of .82 which indicates that the instrument was reliable. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested with t-test statistic. The findings of the study showed that community involvement and corporate sponsorships influence the administration of secondary education in Imo State to a great extent. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Imo State government should create attractive policies that would enhance massive participations of individuals and corporate bodies in the funding administration of secondary schools.

Difficulties and Psychological Experiences of Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders are brain development disorders with multifactorial etiology, identified by difficulties in communication and social interrelation, like recurrent and stereotyped attitudes, activities, and interests. Families with children with developmental disorders may experience more difficulties than families with children without disorders. Therefore there is a need Finding ways to reduce or manage parental stress for improve the family's quality of life through the evaluation of the causes. This study aims to analyze the difficulties experienced by caregivers and the perceived inclusion and inclusion of parents and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) within the social fabric, thereby examining the difficulties parents face in daily life. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted online through snowball sampling until data saturation from November 2020 - March 2023, through the administration of an online questionnaire made through a Google form and disseminated through social media. Data analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Software version 17. Results: 404 parents of children with ASD 94.8% of whom are mothers with an average age of 40.23 years. The prevalence of parents correctly defined autism as "a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, limited interests, and repetitive behaviors". At final diagnosis, the study results reported for 87.9% of parents sadness and grief at diagnosis, followed by fear (83.9%). Conclusions: Research in this area is critical as it can assist health care providers and scholars in understanding the unique issues parents face in raising a child with ASD, as well as support parents themselves in identifying factors that contribute to their stress level in order to take the right steps to reduce it and improve their overall well-being.

Sex and the veins. A cross-sectional analysis on sexual dysfunction in patients with Chronic Venous Disease

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the presence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in patients with Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) and if CVD treatments may have an impact on SD evolution in these patients. MethodsInclusion criteria were patients of both sexes and genders, with minimum age of 18, with first diagnosis of CVD. Exclusion criteria were presence of known sexual dysfunction of organic origin, arterial system diseases, malignancies and endocrine system diseases. Included patients were administered the ASEX (Arizona Sexual Experience) questionnaire that was administered at the moment of study inclusion (T0), and for patients that resulted affected from sexual dysfunction, were administered also, after CVD treatments at 6 months (T1) and after 12 months (T2). ResultsA total of 649 patients with CVD were recruited. After the administration of the ASEX questionnaire, 122 patients (18.8 %) resulted affected from SD. Female sex, C3–C6 clinical stages, and the presence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were more associated with the presence of SD. SD improved in all patients’ population, especially after CVD treatment at T2. ConclusionsCVD patients may experience SD, especially in female sex, in more advanced disease stages. SD in CVD patients appears to improve after adequate CVD treatment.

Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Persepsi Harga terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada ID Express Surabaya

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of service quality and price perceptions on customer satisfaction at ID Express Surabaya. The present investigation employed a sample size of 60 individuals who have utilized or are presently utilizing the ID Express shipping services. The present investigation collected data through the administration of questionnaires in the Surabaya region. The researcher employed independent variables, specifically Service Quality (X1) and Perceived Price (X2), as well as a dependent variable, namely Customer Satisfaction (Y). The present investigation employs an analytical framework in the form of Partial Least Square (PLS), a method utilized to develop a model that can be presumed in the presence of multiple factors. The findings of the present investigation suggest that the perception of service quality and price can exert a favorable influence on customer satisfaction levels at ID Express Surabaya.

Long-term personalized high-protein, high-fat diet in pediatric patients with glycogen storage disease type IIIa: Evaluation of myopathy, metabolic control, physical activity, growth, and dietary compliance.

Dietary lipid manipulation has recently been proposed for managing glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IIIa. This study aimed to evaluate the myopathic, cardiac, and metabolic status, physical activity, growth, and dietary compliance of a personalized diet high in protein and fat for 24 months. Of 31 patients with type IIIa GSD, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 patients (mean age 11.2 ± 7.4 years) completed the study. Patients were prescribed a personalized high-protein, high-fat diet, comprising 3.0-3.5 g/kg/day of protein and 3.0-4.5 g/kg/day of fat, constituting 18.5%-28% and 70.5%-75.7% of daily energy, respectively. Dietary compliance was ensured and assessed via the regular administration of questionnaires. Our results revealed consistent and significant decreases of 22%, 54%, and 30% in the creatinine kinase, creatine kinase-myocardial band, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, respectively. Echocardiography revealed improvements in the Z-scores of the left ventricular mass and interventricular septum thickness. A significant increase in body muscle mass was observed, and a higher score was achieved using the Daily Activity Questionnaire. Growth monitoring revealed an arrest in the height-SDS at the 6th and 12th months, followed by subsequent improvement at the end of the second year. A gradual and persistent decline in the periods of hypo- and hyperglycemia has been reported. Biotinidase activity decreased, whereas hepatosteatosis increased and then decreased by the end of the study. Implementing a high-protein, high-fat diet and monitoring key parameters in patients with type IIIa GSD can lead to myopathic and cardiac improvements and increased physical activity.

Relationship between Principals’ Competencies in Procurement and Performance of Financial Management Roles in Public Secondary Schools in Kajiado County, Kenya

This study investigated the relationship between principals’ procurement competencies and effective performance of financial management roles in public secondary schools in Kajiado County, Kenya. Various education stakeholders had complained about principal’s ineffective performance of procurement roles in public secondary schools in Kajiado County, Kenya as shown through the literature reviewed. Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management theory guided the study. The study adopted correlational research design. Data collection from principals and bursars was through administration of questionnaires and an interview schedule for school auditors. The target and accessible population was all 160 public secondary school principals, their bursars and 3 school auditors. The study used multi-stage sampling technique to sample 115 public secondary school principals and bursars and all the 3 school auditors. Stratified simple random sampling was used to get proportionate sample from each data stratum. The findings indicated that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between procurement competencies and principals’ performance of financial management roles (r=0.876**; p&lt;0.01). The study concluded that some principals lacked the necessary procurement competencies to regularly carry out procurement risk management; ensure procurement rules are followed; carry out procurement contract management; enhance supply sustainability and continue use and re-use of vendors; improve supplier relationships; lead in identifying the best products in the market and in deploying technology in performance of procurement role. The study also concluded that some principals were not effective in timely preparation of procurement plans; in following laid down procurement rules and in regularly carrying out procurement risk management; in regularly managing procurement contracts; ensuring supply sustainability and in identifying the best products in the market. The study recommended training, mentoring and coaching of principals to improve their performance on the various identified procurement competency and skills gaps.

Transforming Arid and Semi-Arid Areas to be Food Secure: The Role of Small-Scale Irrigation Projects

The primary aim of this research was to evaluate the contribution of irrigation-based initiatives towards ensuring food security. The specific objectives encompassed assessing the role of labor within small-holder irrigation projects in bolstering food security, analyzing the impact of external donor assistance on food security outcomes within these projects, and appraising the extent of governmental backing for small-holder irrigation endeavors in the pursuit of food security goals. Employing a descriptive survey methodology, the study was conducted within various small-holder irrigation projects. The research population consisted of 1303 members affiliated with the irrigation schemes, alongside 12 agricultural officers. Utilizing a simple random sampling technique, two agricultural extension officers were selected from the irrigation schemes, while a stratified sampling approach identified 66 irrigation scheme members for participation in the study. Data collection primarily relied on the administration of questionnaires. Findings revealed that the majority of farmers predominantly relied on their labor or that of family members, with minimal utilization of hired labor observed in small-scale irrigation ventures. Consequently, labor scarcity emerged as a notable challenge within these projects. Furthermore, the study highlighted that a significant proportion of small-holder irrigation initiatives benefited from external donor support. To address labor shortages, the research suggested incentivizing specialized labor while recommending collaborative efforts among farmers to engage specialists in crop management, thereby enhancing crop productivity within the schemes.

An evaluation of the Efficacy of the Human Resource Data Analytics on Artificial Intelligence Program

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the advancement of data analytics application programs in human resources, along with the challenges faced by data analytics in significant artificial intelligence throughout the industrial era 4.0 in Indonesia. Data collection is facilitated through the administration of questionnaires, conducting interviews, and administering surveys. This inquiry aims to establish the feasibility of substituting human intelligence with computer intelligence. This undertaking is predicated on the idea that individuals and machines possess commensurate abilities to handle vast quantities of data. The chosen strategy for analytics is problematic from a qualitative standpoint. The reason for this phenomenon is the adoption of the method. Based on the research outcomes, it has been observed that within the context of the fourth industrial revolution, data analytics can be effectively managed by robots possessing extensive data storage capabilities comparable to human counterparts. This applies to all facets of human intelligence, particularly weak Artificial Intelligence.

Predictors of sexual satisfaction among patients with chronic pain.

Sexual satisfaction is an important aspect of quality of life. Chronic pain, depression and anxiety, and relational problems correspond with higher risk for sexual difficulties. Less is known about how risk factors for sexual dysfunction and other problems-such as medical conditions, pain severity, and medication side effects-affect the sexual satisfaction of people with chronic pain. Using a biopsychosocial framework, this study explored factors related to sexual satisfaction among patients presenting for evaluation of chronic pain. Researchers used a hierarchical multiple regression analysis to model potential predictors of sexual satisfaction. Variables analyzed were demographic features, medical history, average pain severity, depressed mood, anxiety, and perceived significant other support. Data collection involved administration of retrospective questionnaires and chart review. The sample included male and female participants (N = 134) presenting for evaluation at a multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation clinic. Medical history (i.e., medical conditions, surgical history, and medications) and clinical self-report variables (i.e., pain severity, depressed mood, anxiety, and perceived significant other support) were associated with sexual satisfaction. In this sample, antidepressant use and higher pain severity were unique predictors of lower sexual satisfaction. Married marital status and higher levels of perceived significant other support were predictive of greater sexual satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of understanding the unique impact of biopsychosocial variables on the sexual satisfaction of patients presenting for evaluation at a multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation clinic. Further exploration of protective factors that account for sexual satisfaction among individuals with chronic pain may help inform screening, referrals, and treatment.

Examination of the Strategies Put in Place by Lagos State Public Procurement Agency in the Implementation of Public Procurement Law

This paper examined the strategies put in place by Lagos State Public Procurement Agency in the application of public procurement policy. The paper adopted both primary and secondary sources of data, and primary data were collected via the administration of questionnaires on the respondents. Study population of 1,020 comprised the members of staff from ministries, and agency that supervises the execution of procurement policy in the Lagos State Public Procurement Agency (LSPPA). Proportionate random sampling method was adopted in selecting a sample size of 154 respondents representing 15% of the study population. Secondary data were got from books, academic journals, official document of LSPPA and the internet. Data collected were analysed using percentage, frequency, and (RII) Relative Importance Index. The results of the study revealed that the strategies put in place by Lagos State Public Procurement Agency; such as establishment of a threshold (52.6%, rank 7th), constitution of contract performance audit committee (63%, rank 9.5th), supervision of the deliveries (69.5%, rank 9.5th), and creation of a procurement officer’s desk (57.8%, rank 8th) were not adequately substantial strategies put in place in monitoring the execution of public procurement policy in Lagos state. Moreover, the paper revealed strategies that were mostly substantial which were put in place by Lagos State Public Procurement Agency in the implementation of public procurement law, such as composition of technical review committee (79.9%, rank 1st), appraisal of procurement plan for procuring entities (73.3%, rank 2nd), setting of fair pricing standards and benchmarks (61%, rank 6th), strategic oversight on the contracts (65.6%, rank 5th), keeping of contractors’ database for proper identification (65.6%, rank 4th), publication of details of major contracts in the State (69.5%, rank 3rd) significantly improved accountability, proficiency, efficacy among the ministries selected. The study therefore, concludes that the strategies put in place by LSPPA, Lagos State Public Procurement Agency in the implementation of public procurement law in the state is considerable, and appropriate which ensures that procurement law of the State is followed. It was further evident from six claims affirmation as against four claims that refuted it respectively.