Administration Of Questionnaire Research Articles

Erectile Function in Men Presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms from Benign Prostate Enlargement: Association with Quality of Life Scores in the Context of Interviewer-Assisted Questionnaire Administration

Abstract Background: Interviewer-assisted administration of International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and Internal Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaires in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostate enlargement (BPE) may generate inconsistent outcomes. Objectives: To assess the correlation between the scores from interviewer-assisted administration of the IPSS questionnaire and the IIEF-5 questionnaire in men with uncomplicated LUTS due to BPE. Materials and Methods: The IPPS and the IIEF-5 questionnaires were administered with interviewer assistance to a cross-section of men presenting to the hospital with symptoms of LUTS due to uncomplicated BPE. The demographics were ascertained, and the association between IPPS and IIEF-5 scores was determined using linear correlation. Results: There were 211 participants in 18 months with a mean age of 66.5 ± 9.5years. The mean prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen, peak flow rate, and post-void residual volume were 55.2 ± 10.1 mL, 3.1 ± 0.7 ng/mL, 20.8 ± 8.2 mL/s, and 38.1 ± 21.5 mL, respectively. One hundred and eighty-six participants (88.2%) attained post-primary level of formal education. Moderate LUTS was reported in 51.7% (n = 109), while severe LUTS was reported in 10.4% (n = 22) participants. The mean storage LUTS (sLUTS) score was 6.25 ± 2.84, the mean voiding LUTS (vLUTS) score was 4.27 ± 4.56, and the mean IPSS was 10.38 ± 6.44. The mean IIEF-5 score was 15.17 ± 6.09. There was a poor correlation between IIEF-5 and sLUTS (Spearman rho –0.02; P = 0.77), vLUTS (Spearman rho –0.058; P = 0.403), IPSS scores (Spearman rho –0.048; P = 0.49), as well as with quality of life (QoL) preferences (F 1.722; P = 0.117). Conclusions: Interviewer-assisted IIEF-5 scores do not relate with sLUTS, vLUTS IPSS, and QoL due to LUTS, as is the case with reports on self-administered IIEF-5 scores.

The The Effect of Teacher-Student Reciprocal Relationships on Academic Performance in Bangladeshi Primary Schools

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of teacher-student interactions on academic success in Bangladeshi primary schools. The study employed a mixed-methods methodology and gathered data from 320 primary students and 64 instructors/teachers across sixteen elementary schools. The data collection involved the administration of survey questionnaires for both teachers and students, and focused group interviews of students and conducting semi-structured interviews with teachers. The results revealed a strong association between positive teacher-student connections and enhanced academic performance, improved student behaviour, and increased motivation. Students who reported having positive relationships with their instructors exhibited higher levels of academic success compared to those who reported negative or neutral relationships. Moreover, instructors who fostered excellent rapport with their students demonstrated higher levels of engagement and motivation, leading to improved academic achievements among their students. These findings carry significant implications for education policy and practice, emphasizing the importance of investing in teacher training and providing support to develop positive relationships with students in Bangladeshi primary schools. By prioritizing the cultivation of teacher-student bonds, educational stakeholders can potentially yield substantial improvements in student academic achievement and overall educational outcomes. Teacher’s World: Journal of Education and Res arch, 50(1): 43-60

Impacts of brand commitment, brand reliability, and brand attitude on brand relationship

In the fiercely competitive landscape of modern business, the establishment and maintenance of strong brand relationships have become pivotal for organizations seeking sustainable success. This research explores the intricate dynamics of brand relationships by examining the influences of three core constructs: brand commitment, brand reliability, and brand attitude. Drawing upon an extensive review of the literature on branding and consumer behaviour, this study develops a comprehensive theoretical framework that elucidates the interplay among these pivotal factors. We hypothesize that brand commitment, brand reliability, and brand attitude, are independent factors and brand relationship is a dependent factor. To empirically test our hypotheses, we employ a rigorous research design, incorporating quantitative data collection methods. Data was gathered directly from survey participants through the administration of questionnaires, and the gathered data was subjected to analysis using SPSS and AMOS software. This analysis encompassed various statistical techniques, including SEM, CFA, descriptive analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, reliability test, correlation analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s test. The sample for the study consisted of 600 respondents drawn from a wide range of organizations. All the analyses reveal that Brand Commitment, Brand Reliability, and Brand Attitude all have statistically significant impacts on Brand Relationship. Consumers who possess a profound dedication to a brand are inclined to develop robust and lasting connections with it. Future investigations could explore the factors that potentially moderate or mediate the relationships under research. Furthermore, exploring these dynamics within diverse industries and cultural settings can provide a more all-encompassing grasp of brand relationships.

Challenges in mastering academic writing: a case study of English language learners at the university for business and technology

This research investigates the problems students of the English Language Faculty at the University for Business and Technology face and proposes certain remedies for academic writing. The paper will try to identify the areas in academic writing that are problematic and detect whether the current strategies of instruction are workable or not and, thus, whether specific improvements are needed. It tries to analyze, namely, the issues EFL students encounter with the writing process, language proficiency, and integration of critical thinking and research during three academic years. In this light, a combination of two methods has been applied for a comprehensive assessment. Data collection is done through the administration of questionnaires to 60 students in their first, second, and third-year levels in the English Language Program. The questionnaire probes into information on the experiences and perceptions of the students concerning their difficulties in academic writing. It also consists of the collection of qualitative data by interviewing six professors of the English Language at UBT about their perceptions of teaching difficulties and the efficiency of currently applied pedagogical approaches. Geographically, the scope of the study is UBT; it will exclusively consider the English Language Program and its related teaching methodologies. Preliminary findings reveal that academic writing does pose numerous problems: in language proficiency, integration of critical thinking, and efficiency through current teaching methodology. The students point to their difficulty in the development of academic writing competencies, while professors emphasize weaknesses in instructional strategies that impede the student's progress. This study, therefore, recommends corrective development in teaching methods and support structures to impact the academic writing competence of EFL students at UBT. Areas have been identified in which current practice is failing, together with recommendations of ways in which instructional methods might be refined. These findings from the research provide the necessary insight for educators here at UBT in terms of teaching methodology and support mechanisms. Addressing identified issues and incorporating proposed improvements will go a long way toward enhancing EFL students' overall academic writing skills for improving their academic standing and enhancing their learning experiences.

GENDER-RELATED FACTORS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF UNDERGRADUATES IN SELECTED FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA

Purpose: The study assesses the gender related factors and entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students of selected Federal Universities in Southwest, Nigeria. It specifically, examined barriers to male and female entrepreneurial activities in the selected Universities; assessed how entrepreneurship education has impacted entrepreneurial intentions of female and male undergraduates in the study area; and evaluated how entrepreneurial intentions of male and female undergraduates differ in the study area. Theoretical Framework: The study's foundation was Social Feminist Theory (SFT), which clarified the widely held stereotype that women are subservient to men. This stereotype is said to conflict with the innate desire for entrepreneurship, and female students' inclination to start their own businesses may be viewed as a hindrance. In this regard, the study has attempted to conduct a methodical assessment of several publications concerning the relationship between gender and the entrepreneurial intentions of students at particular Federal Universities in the Southwest region of Nigeria. Design/Methodology/Approach: To guide the investigation, three research questions were developed. Similarly, three objectives and three null hypotheses were generated for the study. The study adopted the use of a cross-sectional survey approach, and structured questionnaire administration was made use of, to gather data. A total of 1,820 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and were all recovered for the study. The study made use of a well-structured and validated “Gender Related Factors and Entrepreneurial Intentions Questionnaire” as the instrument for data collection. The data analysis included both inferential and descriptive statistics, such as; Mann-Whitney U Test, Multiple Linear Regression and basic percentages, counts, mean, and standard deviation.. Findings: The study found that female students faced more barriers to entrepreneurial activities than male students. The distribution of barriers is not the same across the two categories of gender. Entrepreneurship education is positively related to entrepreneurial intention and explains a variation in the level of entrepreneurial intention of undergraduate students in the selected Federal universities. Female students showed less entrepreneurial intention than male students and suggests that the distribution of entrepreneurial intention is not the same across the two categories of gender. Originality/Value: The study, recommended among others that; Policymakers and stakeholders in entrepreneurship matters should give adequate consideration and preference to the female gender in terms of training and other forms of entrepreneurial education to foster better intention with them. Nevertheless, the male gender must not be ignored completely as this may result in a viscous cycle; University management, facilitators and lecturers should also improve on the techniques and methods used in teaching entrepreneurship in Nigerian universities to positively impact the entrepreneurial intention of university students; and Management should also use attractive methods and practical styles that will raise the curiosity of students to the field of entrepreneurship..

Assessing Frailty, Rational Use of Medications, and Adherence to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Liver Transplant Recipients

AimThe study was conducted to determine the level of frailty, rational medication use, and adherence to immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplant patients and to examine the relationships among them. Materials and MethodsThe data of the descriptive cross-sectional study were collected between January 2023 and September 2023. Our study included 200 liver transplant recipients. In addition to demographic and medical characteristics, frailty status, rational drug use, and compliance with immunosuppressive therapy were measured in a 15–20 minute questionnaire administration period. ResultsThe frailty scores of liver transplant patients were 2.11 ± 1.34, rational drug use scores were 82.88 ± 13.11, and compliance with immunosuppressive therapy scores were 11.12 ± 1.07. The scores for rational drug use and adherence to immunosuppressive therapy were not affected by frailty status, and patients used drugs rationally and adhered to immunosuppressive therapy even when they were frail. It was found that the vulnerability status of the participants was affected by gender and occupational variables, most patients were in the vulnerable group in women and men, and those who did not work were more vulnerable than the other groups. ConclusionIt was found that liver transplant patients were frail, and frailty did not affect the level of rational drug use and compliance with immunosuppressive therapy.

The need for social equality from emerging patterns in business and costs towards environmental sustainability in a new paradigm shift

This investigation is based on a quantitative method and approach from inferential statistics. This study addresses urgent need for social equality and the desire for a sustainable business environment following emerging realities, climatic changes, and environmental issues based on a framework built on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The primary data were acquired from respondents via questionnaire administration and interviews from a random poll performed in Rome. The results of the hypothesis connecting brand image and social responsibility showed a high value of p = 1.000, exceeding the set critical limit of 0.05; thus, companies and organizations that support socially responsible practices are drivers and vanguards for promoting and entrenching social equality, trust, and mutual engagements with the stakeholders and societies from which they draw resources for their activities.Finally, relevant and novel models have been presented that unravel and unveil the templates and working frame for achieving social equality and sustainability while addressing environmental issues associated with business activities, emphasizing value -based creation, social equality, and sustainable marketing on a precept and foundational framework of social responsibility and corporate identity, or ‘CSR’. This led to key recommendations crucial to the business environment, policymakers, stakeholders, and decision-makers in politics.

Development of tongue strength and endurance measurement device: A pilot study in healthy adults

Background: Safe and efficient swallowing relies on adequate tongue strength and endurance. Thus, tongue strength and endurance assessments are essential for swallowing rehabilitation for individuals with swallowing difficulties due to tongue structure and function abnormalities. These tongue functions can be objectively measured using a standard device. However, in Thailand, assessing tongue strength and endurance using standard devices is not widespread in clinical practice due to the high cost of importing these devices. Objective: This study aimed to develop a precise, accurate, and reliable tongue function measurement device for the clinical assessment of tongue strength and endurance. Materials and methods: This study was divided into three phases: 1) Development of a tongue strength and endurance measurement device in a laboratory setting and administration of a satisfaction questionnaire, 2) Trial of the prototype device with six participants, and 3) Assessment of the test-retest reliability of the developed device and investigation of tongue strength and endurance values with twenty participants. Results: As a result of this development, a novel device for measuring tongue strength and endurance was obtained, which provides measurements in units of newtons (N) and kilopascals (kPa) for strength and seconds (s) for endurance. The device’s development cost was significantly lower compared to imported commercially available devices while maintaining the performance standards for medical measurement devices. This was demonstrated by its accuracy ranging from 96.40% to 100%, high precision with a Coefficient of Variation (% CV) of 0.90% to 4.21%, and moderate to excellent reliability with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.56 to 0.93. Furthermore, statistically significant differences (p<0.01) were observed between genders, especially in anterior tongue strength. Conclusion: The tongue strength and endurance measurement device developed through this study can be utilized for clinical tongue function assessment, giving patients more access to objective evaluations of tongue strength and endurance at a lower examination cost.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of depression among university students.

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of depression among university students. A cross-sectional survey was carried out across randomly selected universities in Shandong Province from October 25, 2023, to November 8, 2023. Demographic information and KAP scores were assessed through the administration of questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.816 and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of 0.894. This study included 2448 university students, with 1489 (60.8%) females. The median scores for KAP were 20 (Interquartile Range (IQR): 17-21), 26 (IQR: 23-28), and 35 (IQR: 32-38), respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that being a junior (odds ratio [OR]=0.720, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.538-0.965, p=.028), senior or above (OR=0.474, 95% CI: 0.325-0.691, p<.001), having divorced parents (OR=0.618, 95% CI: 0.409-0.933, p=.022), having direct relatives with depression (OR=0.710, 95% CI: 0.589-0.856, p<.001), and lacking intimate friends (OR=0.344, 95% CI: 0.245-0.484, p<.001) were negatively associated with practice. Only having an attitude score of ≥26 (OR=5.076, 95% CI: 4.230-6.091, p<.001) was significantly and positively associated with practice. University students had insufficient knowledge, positive attitude, and passive practice toward depression. Clinical interventions should focus on enhancing the understanding and management of depression among university students, particularly through targeted educational programs and support groups, to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice and foster a proactive approach to mental health care.

Modelling the drivers of land use and land cover change of the great Amanzule wetland ecosystem to inform the development policy of the southwestern oil-rich region of Ghana

This study focused on the current and future drivers of land-use change and its impact on the Amanzule wetland. It suggests policy implications for reviewing and strengthening existing policies for sustainable land use. This study employed remote sensing and GIS techniques, including participatory rural appraisal techniques. The administration of questionnaires and focus group discussions were conducted in the Ellembelle and Jomoro municipalities, where the Amanzule wetland provides economic and social services. The results showed increased land use over the last 32 years driven by various drivers, including food crop production, rubber plantations, oil and gas establishments, and infrastructure development. The study further revealed that these drivers could influence land-use change in 18 years (2018–2036). Urbanisation, cropland, rubber plantations, and shrubland will drive land-use change in the study area between 2036 and 2054. The Amanzule wetland area is expected to decrease from 272.34 ha in 2018 to 210.60 ha by 2036. The wetland area is expected to further decrease from 210.60 ha in 2036 to 174.33 ha by 2054. Other land use classes, such as mangrove and swamp forests, are also expected to decrease within the same period. The study recommends advocating for a wetland policy, enforcing the Land Use and Spatial Planning Act 925 and the Petroleum Exploration and Production Act 919 for sustainable development.

Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) As a Predictor of Repeat Patronage of Betting Brands among Youths in Southwest Nigeria

The study evaluates how Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) can be used in predicting and ranking factors influencing repeat patronage of betting brands among youths in Southwest, Nigeria. In an attempt to achieve this, a descriptive survey design was chosen for this study through the administration of questionnaire in collecting data from the sampled population of the study. The study population is non deterministic, since it involves all youths participating in betting across Southwest, Nigeria and no official record of such participation exists anywhere in the country. The study made use of the ten most ranked physical betting platforms in Nigeria, viz: Betway, Parimatch, BetNaija, 1XBet, 22 Bet, Bet 365, Betwinner, Melbet, Wazobet and Nairabet as the study sample frame as well as youths of the six major cities across Southwest States in Nigeria. T he study population is 3,620 youths, in the proportion of 665, 852, 347, 508, 645 and 603 across the six cities chosen. The total population was considered as sample. Hence, an adoption of census sampling technique. The study found that, unemployment comes first, followed by love for sports, hope of winning in future, peer influence, promised bonus and technological advancement in that order.

Significant Demographic Factors Fuelling Housing Deficit in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

This article assesses the significant demographic factors fuelling housing deficit in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Using a mixed method approach as survey design coupled with a combination of purposive and stratified sampling technique, 1254 households were selected for administration of questionnaires during data collection process. Questionnaires, interviews were the major instruments of data collection from seven residential development corridors (RDCs) in Ado-Ekiti. Ministries, Agencies and Departments (MDAs) supported secondary data. Findings revealed that high population growth, rapid urbanisation and migration increased housing deficit in the study area. Hence, this study observed an increase in live births (162, 901) than deaths (45, 046) in Ado-Ekiti. Also, findings revealed an increase in building concentration (57.7%) from 2000-date. Similarly, this study observed an increase in challenges such as urban sprawl and infrastructure deficiency (L-INFRA) encountered as a result of rapid urbanisation. The study noted an increase in quantitative housing deficit (223,086) in 2023. Thus, a quantitative housing deficit of 334,554 housing units would arise in 2034.Furthermore, sharing of dwellings with other households (SHAD), a resultant effect of high migration trends constituted 43.4 percent across the RDCs in Ado-Ekiti. Also, improved infrastructural facilities (33.8%) was the modal reason for staying (RESTAY) in the study area. Using Paired T-test, this study further validated that a perfect positive relationship (1.000) exists between population growth and housing deficit in Ado-Ekiti. Therefore, this study recommends adoption of effective Family Planning Methods (FPMs), regional distribution of infrastructural facilities and conversion of under-utilised lands for an efficient housing delivery in Ado-Ekiti.

Examination of Housing Quality in The Peri-Urban Areas of Akure, Nigeria

Rapid urban population expansion, high living costs, and a need for affordable housing all encourage migration to Akure’s peri-urban districts. This drive has led to increased land utilization for housing development in peri-urban areas. This study evaluated housing quality in the peri-urban areas of Oba-Ile, Oda, and Ibule-Soro in Akure. Households were the unit of analysis, with one household head per building selected for questionnaire administration. Based on an average household size of five people per family and five households per building in Ondo State, the total number of households in the three locations was 47,110. From the 47,110 households, 800 households (1.7%) were randomly selected for the questionnaire administration. Data from the field survey were subjected to statistical analysis. The results revealed that some buildings were structurally unsound; most buildings had corrugated iron roofs and lacked sanitation infrastructure; and open defecation was commonplace, particularly in Ibule-Soro. These findings call for better urban planning and investment in basic amenities to improve housing quality and living standards in peri-urban areas.

Modeling Gender Gap in Access to Empowerment and Agricultural Productive Resources: Evidence from Farming Households in Kaduna State

This research examined gender access to empowerment and agricultural productive resources with a gender dimension. Respondents were selected with random and stratified sampling techniques. Primary data were generated through the administration of well-structured questionnaire. Generated data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Women Empowerment Index (WEI), Global Gender Parity Index (GGPI) and Gini Inequality Index (GII). The result shows that 37% and 60.20% of women and men had access to empowerment programmes respectively in the study area. WEI result showed that women had low access to empowerment variable (WEI = 0.67), the GGPI revealed that women (GGPI = 0.63) had low parity as against the men (GGPI = 0.77) with higher parity index. Furthermore, the Gini Inequality Index that there is inequality in access to agricultural productive resources between men (GII = 0.286) and women (GII = 0.383). The research concluded women had low empowerment and low access to agricultural productive resources as against the men. The research recommended that government programmes should be mainstreamed to ensure that more women have access to them and the extension department should design their programmes to ensure that more women have access to extension services in the study area.

A Structural equation modeling analysis of generative AI chatbots adoption among students and educators in higher education

In an era where artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping educational paradigms, this study explores AI-based chatbot adoption in higher education among students and educators. Employing a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the research focuses on developing and validating a comprehensive model to understand the multifaceted factors impacting the acceptance and use of these chatbots. The methodology integrates an extensive literature review, construction of a theoretical model, administration of a detailed questionnaire to a representative sample from the higher education sector, coupled with advanced SEM techniques for data analysis and interpretation. The SEM analysis validates the model's robustness and highlights the relationships between several key factors affecting users' perspectives and chatbots adoption. Results reveal a predominantly positive perception towards AI-chatbots among both students and educators, underscoring the potential to substantially enrich their educational journey. However, it also uncovers critical concerns pertaining to trust, privacy, response bias, and information accuracy. Moreover, the study offers valuable insights into how moderators such as technological proficiency, user roles, and gender influence the adoption model relationships. This emphasizes the need for customizing AI-chatbots deployment to meet the diverse needs of users effectively. Contributing a robust framework for understanding users' perceptions towards AI-chatbots and their adoption patterns, this study offers actionable insights for educational leaders, policymakers, and technology developers. It also lays the groundwork for future research, including longitudinal studies to evaluate the long-term impact of these technologies, investigations into their effect on learning outcomes, and explorations of the ethical and privacy considerations involved.

Determinants of Housing Demands and Residential Rent Costs in an Emerging City in Southern Nigeria.

Housing is vital to human experience. It is the basis and foci of daily activities. In Asaba, a strategically located, fast-growing metropolis, city officials are confronted by myriads of urban planning issues, one of which is provision of urban housing. This study attempted to identify the determinants of housing demands and costs of residential rents within the city (Asaba). In this study, the ex-post facto and survey designs were deployed. The data for the study comprised of the primary (questionnaire data) and secondary (historical housing data) types. For effective questionnaire administration, the study area was stratified into high, medium and low income areas. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were deployed for data analyses. The results indicated that the key determinants of residential housing demand and costs were ease of access to public transport (69%), nearness to security formations (80%) and higher demand for houses in supply (75.8%); and the Spearman's rank correlation showed that these factors were significant at P<0.05. Other factors such as availability of electricity and access to water supply were not significant determinants of choice of housing at P>0.05. This is due to the fact that the whole region lacks adequate electricity supply and water is self-harnessed through boreholes. ANOVA showed that there was a significant temporal variation in the cost of residential housing rents at p<0.05 (F-69.03; sig .000). Consequently, this study recommends that there is need for the decentralisation of the city; which should be realised by an efficient development of the suburbs to high standards that would meet the requirements of prospective renters. Policy development and establishment of basic facilities in the suburbs, would help actualise this decentralization. Also, collaboration between government and private developers could yield more supply in the housing stuck, consequently reducing costs of housing.

Forest Clearance and Fragmentation for Charcoal Production: The Case of Bimbia Bonadikombo Forest, South West Region, Cameroon

The exploitation activities of man on natural resources have hardly been sustainable. This study examined the implication of charcoal production on the Bimbia Bonadikombo forest and it’s environ. The study employed both direct field observation and questionnaire administration for data gathering. Questionnaires were administered to charcoal producers and persons involved in charcoal related activities. Persons were selected using snowball technique. A total of 42 copies of questionnaires were administered to charcoal producers and related activities. Tree species used for charcoal production were noted and identified. The questionnaire was divided into five sections:(i), socio-demographic characteristics of charcoal producers, (ii), methods of charcoal production and species selected (iii), aspects influencing charcoal production and the implication on the ecosystem, (iv), seasonal trends and challenges faced (v) mitigation strategies used). Data collected were organized in Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the analyses. Pearson (ρ) correlation association was used for the relationship between variables of production and the demand of charcoal. The result revealed that, majority of the respondents, 78.57%, were males while females were least 21.43%. Majority of the respondents (54.76%) were between the ages of 31-46 while the least with ages &gt; 47. Lophira alata 14 (35.71%) was the tree species ranked 1st while Irvingia gabonensis1 (2.38%) was the least and ranked 8th. The main aspect that influenced production was revenue generated 14 (33.33%) while weak institutions 2(4.76%) and crises situations 2(2(4.76%) were the least. Deforestation 12(28.57%) and habitats destruction 8(10.04%) were reported as the main effects caused by charcoal production. Production and the demand of charcoal variables showed a positive association (0.153±.361). The management strategies employed were: only matured trees were used for charcoal production, permanent charcoal pit kiln are dug out of forest canopy and only few tree species are used for charcoal production. For mitigation purposes used are: domestication, protecting wild charcoal trees in their farms and nurseries establishment. This study recommends that charcoal is a major source of energy and alternative source of energy when others failed or insufficient. Therefore, this source of energy can be enhanced to be more eco friendly and environmentally sustainable.

Relationship between cyberbullying, anxiety, and depression among university students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Cyberbullying is online aggressive behavior that involves insulting or threatening others, and can cause severe psychological issues, particularly in students. This is often attributed to the frequency and anonymity of the bullying behaviors. Given the lack of research on this issue in Saudi Arabia, the current study sought to evaluate the prevalence of cyberbullying and its relationship with anxiety, depression, and stress among university students in Jeddah. This cross-sectional study involved administration of an online questionnaire to 877 university students in Jeddah. Cyberbullying and cybervictimization were assessed using the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory scale (RCBI-II) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21). The majority of students had the experience of being a cyberbully (73%), while 54% had been a victim of cyberbullying. No significant association was found between gender and cyberbullying, with both males and females reporting high rates of cyberbullying. The majority of participants (n = 498) also reported significant depressive symptoms. A significant positive association was found between cyberbullying/cybervictimization and depression, anxiety, and stress. A considerable number of university students were found to be victims of cyberbullying, with a strong correlation between cyberbullying and anxiety, depression, and stress, indicating a potential impact on the psychological well-being of students. To address this issue, increased awareness of cyberbullying is needed, along with implementation of preventive measures such as educational campaigns and empathy-building activities among students.

Analysis of Public and Private Treatment Services for Substance Use Disorders in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Inappropriate use of substances, also known as substance abuse, especially among youths constitutes a problem globally. The trajectory of substance abuse exposes individuals to various health problems and disorders. To this end, the provision of treatment services is considered an important measure towards addressing the side effects of the inappropriate use of substances. Focusing on Kaduna State, Nigeria, this study analyzes public and private facilities available for individuals facing substance use disorders. The study employed quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, with the administration of questionnaires and in-depth interview guides to respondents and research participants in selected treatment facilities. Copies of questionnaires were administered to eighty-six staff while in-depth interviews were conducted on eight (8) staff of the selected treatment facilities. The study leverages Talcott Parson’s social system theory to explain the subject matter. Findings from the study revealed that the selected facilities provided evidence-based psychosocial treatment services to the victims of substance abuse. In addition to other medical services provided by public and private treatment facilities, findings revealed that public facilities provided HIV/AIDs services than private facilities. Unlike private treatment facilities, the study discovered that wraparound services (such as vocational training) are minimally provided by public facilities. Despite the importance of supportive services towards optimal rehabilitation of victims of substance abuse, the study revealed that both public and private facilities neglect such services. The study therefore recommends strong collaboration among the existing treatment facilities towards the provision of optimal skills and rehabilitation of victims of substance abuse and its associated disorders.

Investigating the Impact of Prolonged Sitting and Lack of Physical Activity on the Musculoskeletal Health of School Students

Background Prolonged sitting and lack of physical activity have become very common issues among school students due to increased screen time and academic schedules. These sedentary behaviors can adversely affect musculoskeletal health, leading to conditions such as poor posture, back pain, and reduced physical fitness. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing effective interventions to promote healthier lifestyles among these groups. Aims This study aims to investigate the effects of prolonged sitting and insufficient physical activity on the musculoskeletal health of school students. The objectives include identifying common musculoskeletal problems, analysing the correlation between sedentary behaviors and these issues Setting The research was conducted in various schools, encompassing a diverse population of students aged 12-17 years. The schools were selected to represent different socio-economic backgrounds and geographical locations to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Design A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The quantitative component involved the administration of structured questionnaires to gather data on students' sitting habits, physical activity levels, and musculoskeletal complaints. The qualitative component included in-depth interviews with selected students, teachers, and health professionals to gain deeper insights into the causes and effects of sedentary behaviors.