Administration Of Gel Research Articles

Potential Nano Gel Extract of Avocute Fruit (Persea Americana Mill) as Alternative in Prevention of Inflammation in White Rats White Rats Post-Extraction Wounds

Complications after tooth extraction include inflammation, bleeding, edema, discomfort, and dry socket. Both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat inflammation. Using chemo drugs is not without side effects. Avocado seed is an herbal substance that is needed as an alternative therapy to reduce wound inflammation caused by tooth extraction. To prove the potential of nano gel (avocado seed extract) and can be applied as an alternative to prevent inflammation in wounds after tooth extraction of white rats. True experiment with randomized posttest with control group design. Consisting of intervention group nano gel avocado seed extract 10%, positive control group povidone iodine 10% and aquadest. Observations were made for 7 days. The variables studied were inflammation of the wound after tooth extraction of rats and histopathological examination (Lymphocytes, Neocapillary and Fibroblasts). According to the unpaired test results, there was no significant difference between the avocado and povidone groups (p=0.143), a significant difference between the avocado and aquadest groups (p=0.001), and a significant difference between the povidone and aquadest groups (p=0.001). p = 0.015). Application of avocado seed extract nanogels at concentrations of 10% and 10% povidone-iodine showed the same ability during wound regeneration and new blood vessel enlargement, and also reduced the number of lymphocyte inflammatory cells, as shown by histology Check confirmed. The administration of nano gel of avocado seed extract is effective and can be applied as an alternative to prevent inflammation in wounds after tooth extraction in white rats.

Clitorea ternatea flower extract induces platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and GPx gene overexpression in ultraviolet (UV) B irradiationinduced collagen loss.

Aim To determine the effect of Clitorea ternatea flower extract (CTFE) in the gel dosage form on the expression of GPx and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in ultraviolet (UV) - B irradiation-induced collagen loss rat model. Methods This is experimental research with post-test control group design. Twenty healthy male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups: a sham group, UVB control group, two treatment groups with gel of CTFE 5% and gel of CTFE 10%, respectively. Each group was treated with UVB at 302 nm with a MED of 160 mJ/cm2 for 5 days, whereas the sham group did not receive UVB. In the treatment groups CTFE 5% and CTFE 10% gel were given on the 6th to the 14th day. On day 14 all treatment groups were terminated, and GPx and PDGF gene expression were analysed using qRT-PCR. Results In the group of gel of CTFE 10%, there was a significant increase in GPx gene expression (9.51±1.83) and PDGF (4.36±1.18) compared to the UVB control group which had GPx and PDGF gene expression of 4.90±1.64) and 0.032±0.01, respectively. Conclusion The administration of CTFE gel showed an increase of the expression of GPx and PDGF g.

Potential Nano Gel Avocodo Seed Extract as an Alternative Relief in Wounds After Removal of White Rats Tooth

Inflammation, bleeding, swelling, pain, dry socket are common complications of tooth extraction. The inflammatory response is divided into two, including the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Every use of chemical drugs has side effects. Herbal ingredients are needed, namely avocado seeds as an alternative treatment in preventing inflammation in wounds after tooth extraction. Avocado seeds contain polyphenols that play a role in inflammation in wounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. Experiment with randomized posttest design with control group design. Consisting of intervention group nano gel avocado seed extract 10%, positive control group povidone iodine 10% and aquadest. Observations were made for 7 days. The variables studied were inflammation of the wound after tooth extraction of rats and histopathological examination (Lymphocytes, Neocapillary and Fibroblasts). Based on the results of the unpaired test, the avocado and povidone groups were not significantly different (p=0.143), the avocado and aquadest groups had a significant difference (p=0.001) and the povidone and aquadest groups had a significant difference (p =0.015). The administration of nano gel of avocado seed extract with a concentration of 10% and 10% povidone iodine has the same ability in the process of wound regeneration and increases new blood vessels and can also reduce the number of lymphocyte inflammatory cells as evidenced by histological examination . The administration of nano gel of avocado seed extract is effective and can be applied as an alternative to prevent inflammation in wounds after tooth extraction in white rats.

Molecular Docking and Efficacy of Aloe vera Gel Based on Chitosan Nanoparticles against Helicobacter pylori and Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

The medicinal administration of Aloe vera gel has become promising in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications particularly with the development of the nanotechnology concept. Nowadays, effective H. pylori treatment is a global problem; therefore, the development of natural products with nanopolymers such as chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) could represent a novel strategy for the treatment of gastric infection of H. pylori. HPLC analysis of A. vera gel indicated the presence of chlorogenic acid as the main constituent (1637.09 µg/mL) with other compounds pyrocatechol (1637.09 µg/mL), catechin (1552.92 µg/mL), naringenin (528.78 µg/mL), rutin (194.39 µg/mL), quercetin (295.25 µg/mL), and cinnamic acid (37.50 µg/mL). CSNPs and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs were examined via TEM, indicating mean sizes of 83.46 nm and 36.54 nm, respectively. FTIR spectra showed various and different functional groups in CSNPs, A. vera gel, and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs. Two strains of H. pylori were inhibited using A. vera gel with inhibition zones of 16 and 16.5 mm, while A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs exhibited the highest inhibition zones of 28 and 30 nm with resistant and sensitive strains, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 15.62 and 3.9 µg/mL, while the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 15.60 and 7.8 µg/mL with MBC/MIC 1 and 2 indexes using A. vera gel and A. vera gel incorporated with CSNPs, respectively, against the resistance strain. DPPH Scavenging (%) of the antioxidant activity exhibited an IC50 of 138.82 μg/mL using A.vera gel extract, and 81.7 μg/mL when A.vera gel was incorporated with CSNPs. A.vera gel incorporated with CSNPs enhanced the hemolysis inhibition (%) compared to using A.vera gel alone. Molecular docking studies through the interaction of chlorogenic acid and pyrocatechol as the main components of A. vera gel and CSNPs with the crystal structure of the H. pylori (4HI0) protein supported the results of anti-H. pylori activity.

The Usefulness of In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption Experiments Applying the Infinite Dose Technique to Predict In Vivo Plasma Levels: Comparison of Model-Predicted and Observed Plasma Concentrations of Nortriptyline in Rats.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of a nortriptyline (NT) formulation for transdermal administration and to assess the usefulness of an estimated kinetic parameter (kout) using the in vitro infinite dose technique to predict in vivo plasma levels when used in combination with pharmacokinetic parameters. To do so, a simple one-compartment model was used to describe the transport of a permeant across a membrane (skin). This model provides relatively simple expressions for the amount of permeant in the skin, the cumulative amount of permeant that crosses the skin, and the flux of permeant, for both the infinite and the finite dose regimens. Transdermal administration of the formulated NT gel to rats resulted in plasma levels of approximately 150 ng/mL between 8 and 30 h post-administration. These levels were higher than the minimum concentration of 40 ng/mL recommended for smoking cessation therapy and slightly higher than the upper limit of the therapeutic range for the treatment of depression in humans. The one-compartment model used to describe transport across the skin was connected to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model used to predict NT plasma concentrations in rats using the kout determined in vitro and the values of other pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in vivo. The predicted concentrations were close to the observed plasma levels and the time profiles were similar for both types of data. These results show the usefulness of the kout parameter determined in vitro to predict plasma concentrations of drugs administered percutaneously.

Effectiveness Of Ethanol Extract Gel Of Leaf Leaves Of Cymbopogon Nardus L) Against Grade Ii A Burn-In White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

The writing of the results of this study was carried out to assess the comparison of the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract gel of citronella leaves with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% of each extract on the diameter and thickness of the granulation tissue produced in second-degree burns induced in white rats. This study uses an experimental method with a post-test-only design and the sample is taken using purposive sampling. The effectiveness test was carried out by making IIA degree burns with an iron plate measuring ± 3cm which had been heated and then attached to the skin of rats that had been anesthetized and shaved, after that they were given treatment in the form of applying 5%, 10%, and 10% citronella ethanol extract gel. 15% for each treatment group. The results of the data obtained from this study were continued with the Oneway-Anova test which was continued with the Post-Hoc test, wherein the test results there were significant differences from each treatment given. The results of the measurement of the average diameter of burns resulting from the administration of ethanolic extract gel of citronella leaves given for 21 days with a concentration of 15% showed total healing of burns, while the concentration of 10% showed results of 1.12 cm and 5% of 1.59. cm. From the results of the calculation of the thickness of the granulation tissue, it was found that the administration of ethanol extract gel of citronella leaves with a concentration of 15% was 1074.067 m, a concentration of 10% was 1016,787 m and a 5% concentration was 478.38 m.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Thai Medicinal Plant-4 Cream versus Diclofenac Gel in the Management of Symptomatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee.

Background Osteoarthritis of the knee is a common degenerative musculoskeletal condition. Thai Medicinal Plant-4 (TMP-4) cream is made up of Garcinia mangostana peel, Sesamum indicum seeds, Glycine max (L.) Merr. seeds, and Centella asiatica leaves, all of which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The present study aimed at determining the efficacy and safety of TMP-4 cream versus diclofenac gel in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods A randomized-controlled trial was conducted to assess knee pain on a scale of 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and other key metrics, including VAS knee stiffness, a modified 10-step stair climb test, a timed up and go test, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and safety outcomes, following administration of either TMP-4 cream or diclofenac gel for 4 weeks. Results A total of 199 patients with moderate knee pain intensity were randomly assigned to either TMP-4 cream or diclofenac gel (allocation ratio 1 : 1). The mean changes of VAS knee pain in the TMP-4 cream and diclofenac gel groups were −31.68 ± 14.18 mm and −31.09 ± 12.41 mm, respectively, (mean difference = −0.58, 95% confidence interval = −4.37–3.20, P=0.761). The upper limit of 95% confidence interval for the comparison between TMP-4 cream and diclofenac gel was within the predefined margin of 7 mm for noninferiority. The safety was comparable between the two interventions. Conclusions TMP-4 cream was noninferior to diclofenac gel in relieving osteoarthritic knee pain and may be considered as an alternative therapeutic option in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee.

Assessment of the Effect of Local Administration of Placental Extract Gel on the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats: A Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study.

Assessment of the Effect of Local Administration of Placental Extract Gel on the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats: A Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study.

THE EFFECT OF COENZYME Q10 ON PERIODONTITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL TRIALS.

Coenzyme Q10 gel might be beneficial for periodontitis. However, the results have been controversial. We designed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in periodontitis patients. A systematic review of controlled trials (PROSPERO: CRD42020212424) was performed from 1980 to August 2020 by 2 separate investigators through the following databases: Embase, CENTRAL, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Hand search of reference lists of the included studies was also performed. Of 269 records, eleven trials were included in the meta-analysis using a random-effect model. Coenzyme Q10 could significantly reduce Plaque Index (SMD, -0.64; CI, -1.03 to -0.26, P = .002; I2 = 85.7%), Bleeding Index (SMD, -1.05; CI, -1.70 to -0.41, P = .001; I2 = 89.5%), Pocket Depth (SMD, -0.96; CI, -1.35 to -0.58, P ˂ .001, I2 = 84.7%), clinical attachment level (SMD, -0.73; CI, -1.23 to -0.22, P = .005; I2 = 87.8%), and gingival index (SMD, -0.63; CI, -0.97 to -0.28, P = .001; I2 = 72.8%) in periodontitis. Subgroup analysis showed that coenzyme Q10 had a stronger reduction effect if administered intra-pocket rather than topical. Studies with high risk of bias reported a greater positive effect of coenzyme Q10 compared to studies with unclear risk. Our findings encourage administration of coenzyme Q10 gel in periodontitis based on its meaningful effect on Plaque Index, Bleeding Index, gingival index, clinical attachment level and Pocket Depth. Future studies with better qualities are required for a better conclusion.

The effect of antimicrobial peptide gel RISE-AP12 on decreasing neutrophil and enhancing macrophage in nicotine-periodontitis Wistar rat model

Background: Periodontitis, an inflammation that causes alveolar bone destruction, is caused by bacteria and aggravated by nicotine exposure and is therefore a disease that many smokers have. Antibacterial agents are essential for the rejuvenation process in periodontitis treatment; antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gel is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that is hardly cause bacteria resistance. Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of AMP gel administration on neutrophil and macrophage counts on periodontitis regeneration in nicotine-exposed rats. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were separated into four groups: nicotineexposed, non-nicotine-exposed, treatment and control. Rats with periodontitis were given AMP in the gingival line on days 1, 3 and 7 after having their mandibular central incisors ligated for 14 days to induce periodontitis. After AMP treatment, two groups of rats were collected randomly. Each group were decapitated, followed by treatment and histological examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining in the pathology laboratory to view neutrophils and macrophages. The asymmetric Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyse the data. Results: In mice treated with AMP, neutrophil counts on day 3 were lower than in distilled water (Aquadest) controls. The number of macrophages on day 3 was higher than that of the Aquadest control. Kruskal Wallis test results for neutrophils were p = 0.017 and for macrophages p = 0.01, where both test results had p < 0.05, there were significant differences between the neutrophil and macrophage groups. Conclusion: The administration of AMP effects on decreasing the number of neutrophils and enhancing macrophages in the periodontitis regeneration. in nicotine-exposed rats.

A comparative study of niosomal and elastic niosomal carbomer hydrogel for transcutaneous vaccine delivery

Transcutaneous immunization is becoming an attractive non-invasive vaccination strategy, though it is still challenging. This study evaluates the potential of transcutaneous delivery of antigens in mice through niosomal and elastic niosomal carbomer hydrogels. Ovalbumin was encapsulated into niosomes prepared by Span 80/cholesterol/stearylamine through reverse-phase evaporation. Ethanol was added into niosomal mixtures for elastic niosomes formation, then embedded in carbopol 934 hydrogel. Encapsulation efficiency and other physiochemical properties of the prepared niosomal vesicles such as particle size, stability, in vitro release and cytotoxicity were determined. In vivo immunizations of niosomal and elastic niosomal gel were carried out in mice. The optimal niosomal formulation loads 48.6 ± 5.2% ovalbumin with a vesicle size below 300 nm. A simple BCA method was used to determine the encapsulation efficiency of niosome. The cumulative permeation of proteins of niosomal gel was 15~20%. Both gels were stable at room temperature; however, elastic niosomal gel deteriorated at 60 ℃. Compared to free antigen, the topical administration of niosomal or elastic niosomal gel to mice displayed significant IgG titers. From the findings, compared to elastic niosomal gel, the niosomal hydrogel platform exhibited enhanced antigen delivery. Therefore, niosomal hydrogel may be considered a promising transcutaneous antigen delivery carrier.

Accelerated wound healing and its promoting effects of topical codeine on the healing of full-thickness cutaneous wound, evidences for modulating cytokines involved in pain, inflammation and collagen biosynthesis.

The inflammation and pain occur in all the wounds. Opioids drugs decrease pain and may act as an anti-inflammation. The current study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of the topical uses of Codeine on full-thickness excision wound models by focusing on relationship between pain mediators, inflammation and wound healing rate. Following the induction of anesthesia, a skin wound with a size of 7-mm punch was induced on the dorsal surfaces of each mouse. The mice were divided into five categories: groups I-III were daily administered 2.5%, 5%, and 10% Codeine gel; those in group IV were administered phenytoin cream, and group V (controls) received base ointment. To assess the effects of Codeine gel on the wound healing process, the wound area, histological parameters, and the relative protein expression of CXCR1, CXCR2, IL-6, IL-6R, PDGF, PDGFR, and COL1A along with the plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α were investigated on days 3, 7, and 14. On days 7 and 14, the wound area was significantly lower in the treated mice compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and epithelium thickness were significantly higher in the treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The relative protein expressions of CXCR1, CXCR2, IL-6, and IL-6R and the plasma concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly lower in the treated groups. Meanwhile, the relative protein expressions of PDGF, PDGFR, and COL1A and the plasma concentration of IL-10 were significantly higher in the treated mice (P < 0.05). Administration of Codeine gel accelerated wound healing through decreasing the pain mediators, inflammation and promoting proliferative phase.

Venlafaxine HCl Encapsulated in Niosome: Green and Eco-friendly Formulation for the Management of Pain

The goal of this experimentation was to increase the cutaneous absorption of venlafaxine HCl (VFX) encapsulated in a niosome (venlasosme) produced by an ultrasonic approach. The impact of the cholesterol:surfactant (Chol:Surf) proportion was examined to modify the venlasosme properties. Photon correlation spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), SEM, DSC, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were utilized to investigate the solid-state and morphology of VFX in the venlasosme. The studies revealed that increasing the level of Chol in the venlasosme increased the size of the particles. Alterations in the Chol to surfactant ratios (when Chol decreased from 2.5 to 0%) caused the zeta potential enhancement from 7.37 ± 0.67 to 15.53 ± 1.47 mV. The venlasosme with the highest cholesterol concentration (2.5%) had the highest encapsulation efficiency (approximately 63%). PXRD results revealed that VFX in venlasosme was in the amorphous form. The levels of VFX in the cutaneous layers and the receiver compartment were higher for the venlasosme gel than for VFX simple gel in the cutaneous permeability study and showed no cutaneous irritancy in rats. Furthermore, the venlasosme gel demonstrated significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory responses when compared to the control groups (VFX simple gel and diclofenac gel). The topical administration of the venlasosme gel also considerably increased the tail-flick and hot-plate response time when compared to the VFX simple gel, control groups, and diclofenac gel (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that niosomes can improve VFX efficacy as an antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory substance by improving the medicaments delivery to the specified site.

Relationship Between Maternal COVID-19 Infection and In-Hospital Exclusive Breastfeeding for Term Newborns

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between maternal COVID-19 infection and the odds of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding for term newborns. DesignRetrospective descriptive quantitative. SettingA large, urban hospital with more than 6,000 births annually. SampleTerm newborns born between March 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021 (N = 6,151). MethodsWe retrospectively extracted data from electronic health records to evaluate the relationship of maternal COVID-19 infection with the odds of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding using univariate analysis and logistic regression models. The covariates included insurance type, race/ethnicity, glucose gel administration, length of stay, newborn gestational age, newborn birth weight, and maternal COVID-19 infection. ResultsMaternal COVID-19 infection was not significantly related to the odds of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding (p = .138) after adjustment for covariates in the logistic regression model. However, when newborns who received pasteurized donor human milk supplementation were excluded from the logistic regression model, maternal COVID-19 infection significantly decreased the odds of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding (p = .043). ConclusionMaternal COVID-19 infection was not significantly related to the odds of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding when newborns received donor human milk supplementation. Access to donor human milk for supplementation for term newborns may protect the odds of in-hospital exclusive breastfeeding.

SMAD 3, Integrin and VEGF Expression in a Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Tooth Movement Induced by Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Stichopus hermanii.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to analyze SMAD 3, integrin and VEGF expressions in the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement induced by hyperbaric oxygen therapy and Stichopus hermanii.Materials and MethodsThirty Cavia cobaya were divided into 5 groups, namely, a normal control group (KN) without installation of helical springs or administration of HBOT and Stichopus hermanii gel. The negative control K(-) had helical spring without administration of HBOT and Stichopus hermanii gel for 14 days, while P1 had helical spring for 14 days then on day 3–14, Stichopus hermanii gel was added. Also, the helical spring was installed in P2 for 14 days then on day 8–14, HBOT 2.4 ATA was added 3 × 30 minutes a day, while P3 had helical spring for 14 days then on day 3–14, the gel was applied, and on day 8–14, HBOT 2.4 ATA was administered 3 × 30 minutes a day. Furthermore, SMAD3, integrin, and VEGF expressions were examined using immunohistochemical staining.ResultsSMAD3, integrins, and VEGF expressions showed significant differences within the groups. The combination of HBOT and Stichopus hermanii increased the expression of SMAD3 and VEGF compared to the single administration of Stichopus hermanii. The combination treatment also decreased integrin expression compared to a single HBOT administration.ConclusionThe combination of HBOT and Stichopus hermanii increases the expression of SMAD3, integrins, and VEGF compared to control but did not show significant differences compared to single HBOT treatment.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ И ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ ДЛЯ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ЭСТЕТИКИ ЛИЦА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПОЛНОЙ АДЕНТИЕЙ

Purpose. To evaluate the aesthetic effect of the rehabilitation of edentulous patients, using prostheses on dental implants and injections of hyaluronic acid on perioral wrinkles. Material and methods. In total, we observed 56 patients (women aged 49 to 61 years) with edentulous implantation in the period of 2016–2021. Inclusion criteria: edentulous patients with mild to moderate perioral wrinkles on the Merz Aesthetic Scale (MAS on an approved 5-point scale, where 0 = no wrinkles, 1 – mild wrinkles, 2 – moderate wrinkles, 3 – severe wrinkles and 4 – very strong wrinkles). In order to vitalize (moisturize, increase the elasticity and firmness of the skin), the patients underwent a course of intradermal injections of 1 ml of the Bio Mial Vel preparation for vitalization. Vitalization (vita-s from Lat.: life, revitalization, vitality) means a course of 3-fold administration of SGC gel in order to correct superficial wrinkles. The immediate results were assessed 1 month after the course (M03), and the long-term results - at the 6th month of observation (M06). Results: The long-term X-ray examination of patients (for 1 year or more) revealed an increase in dense bone tissue of the implantation bed. At the same time, an intimate fit of the newly formed bone to the implant was noted, which determined the positive dynamics of the osseointegration process. Compared to the baseline, the average marginal bone loss (MBL) after 6 months of prosthetics is 0.57±0.28, at the end of 1 year – 0.91±0.32, at the end of 3 years –1.27±0.32, and at the end of the 5th year – 1.46±0.64, respectively. On average, over the observation period (58.6±16.4 months), the success rate of implantation was 96.8%. After analyzing the photographs taken before and after a complex and personal conversation with each patient, the following results were obtained: normal wrinkles on the face were smoothed out in 83% of the participants, the oval of the face was tightened in 62% of the participants, the study revealed a large number of positive cosmetic effects. Most patients also showed significant improvement at M12 visit. Conclusions. The results of the study show that the use of implant-rehabilitation and injection therapy with the use of fillers based on hyaluronidase acid increases the effectiveness of treatment, improves skin function, helps to rejuvenate, smoothing wrinkles and skin folds, the face acquires a well-groomed and rejuvenated appearance. The patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional result of the treatment.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK DAUN SUKUN (Artocarpus altilis) SEBAGAI PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA KELINCI DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI CARBOPOL 940 SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT

Breadfruit leaves are medicinal plants containing compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols that function in wound healing. This study aimed to determine the variation of the concentration of the gelling agent carbopol 940 on the physical properties of the gel and the duration of the burn wound healing process on gel administration. This study used New Zealand White rabbits. They were divided into five groups. They were positive control (bioskin®), negative control, breadfruit leaf extract gel formula with variations in carbopol concentrations of 0,5%, 1%, and 2%, respectively. Burn percentage was analyzed using SPSS with Kolmogorov- Smirnov test to see normality, Levene test to see homogeneity, if the data is normally distributed and homogeneous, followed by Two Way ANOVA analysis with Post hoc Tukey significance of 0.005. The results of breadfruit leaf extract variations in the gelling agent carbopol 940 affect the physical properties. The increase in the concentration of the gelling agent causes an increase in viscosity, adhesion and decreases dispersion. Variations in the concentration of carbopol effective for healing burns was formula II (breadfruit leaf extract gel formula with variations in carbopol concentrations of 1%). Therefore, the provision of breadfruit leaf extract gel can accelerate the healing process of burns

Subcutaneous Administration of a Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanomatrix Gel Ameliorates Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule, which plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including inflammatory responses, metabolism, cardiovascular functions, and cognitive function. NO bioavailability is reduced with aging and cardiometabolic disorders in humans and rodents. NO stimulates the metabolic rate by increasing the mitochondrial biogenesis and brown fat activation. Therefore, we propose a novel technology of providing exogenous NO to improve the metabolic rate and cognitive function by promoting the development of brown adipose tissue. In the present study, we demonstrate the effects of the peptide amphiphiles-NO-releasing nanomatrix gel (PANO gel) on high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and cognitive functions. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected in the brown fat area with the PANO gel or vehicle (PA gel) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. The PANO gel-injected mice gained less body weight, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased fasting serum insulin and leptin levels compared with the PA gel-injected mice. Insulin signaling in the muscle, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue was improved by the PANO gel injection. The PANO gel reduced inflammation, increased lipolysis in the epididymal white adipose tissue, and decreased serum lipids and liver triglycerides. Interestingly, the PANO gel stimulated uncoupled protein 1 gene expression in the brown and beige fat tissues. Furthermore, the PANO gel increased the cerebral blood flow and improved learning and memory abilities. Our results suggest that using the PANO gel to supply exogenous NO is a novel technology to treat metabolic disorders and cognitive dysfunctions.

Preparation of a novel tacrolimus ion sensitive ocular in situ gel and in vivo evaluation of curative effect of immune conjunctivitis

Background The aim of this study was to formulate a novel TAC preparation into an in situ gel for ocular drug delivery, in order to prolong the residence time on mucosal surfaces and increase patient compliance. Methods The optimal formulation was characterized by surface morphology, gelling capacity, viscosity, stability and in vitro release. In vivo studies were also conducted to evaluate the precorneal retention and pharmacodynamic results. Results In this study, the TAC in situ gel can be prepared by a simple solvent stirring method, and the optimized formulation exhibited good stability within 3 months. During storage, the initial viscosity of the formula had little change. The results of viscosity measurement showed that TAC in situ gel was typical of pseudo plastic systems and exhibited a marked increase in viscosity stimulated with STF. In vitro and in vivo studies illustrated that TAC in situ gel administration facilitated the retention and sustained release of TAC. Conclusions TAC combined with in situ gelling agents demonstrates an efficient topical drug delivery platform.

THE EFFECT OF PEGAGAN GEL (CENTELLA ASIATICA (L.) URBAN) ON WOUND HEALING PROCESSES IN MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) IN VIVO

Background : Tooth extraction and incision are procedures that are often performed in dentistry that cause injury and damage to oral tissues. Injuries to the oral tissue must be treated immediately so as not to interfere with the stomatognathic system. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) is one of the medicinal plants used to accelerate wound healing. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving extract pegagan gel on the oral mucosal wounds of mice (Mus musculus) in various concentrations on the number of fibroblast cells. Methods : The research method used experimental post test only control group design. Data analysis used One Way Anova test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The experimental used were 24 male mice aged 6-8 weeks weighing 20-25 grams and healthy, divided into 4 (four) groups. The extraction wounds were smeared with 5%, 10%,15% concentration of pegagan extract gel and the placebo was smeared for 1 minute and done twice a day. Experimental animals were decapitated on day 5 without pain and continued with the stage of making microscopic preparations of tissue taken and fixed with buffer formalin 10% for a maximum of 24 hours. Results : The results showed that the average number of fibroblasts in the administration of extract pegagan gel was 15% with 400 cells, 10% was 291 cells, 5% was 262 cells and the average CMC Na gel group was 74 cells.Then continued with the One Way Anova test and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test and results showed the average number of fibroblast cells in the four groups after being given treatment was significantly different with a significant level (ρ) &lt; 0.05 and followed by a post hoc test, it is known that the gel extract pegagan 5%, 10%, and 15% can increase the number of fibroblast cells. Conclusion : Extract pegagan gel 15% more increased the number of fibroblast cells than extract pegangan gel10% and 5%.