Administration In Nigeria Research Articles

The History of the Evolution And Administration of Nigeria

The focus of this paper is to introduce the area of study and the diverse people who were living and co-existing in this geographical location that later came to be known in 1914 as a single political entity called Nigeria. This is done by carefully but briefly describing the people and the socio-political, cultural and economic life of the people as well as their inter group relationship before their contact with the Europeans. It also looks at the systematic process through which the European interest manifested and eventually tricked the people into accepting the deceitful protection treaties as well as the measures of force and bombardment which the colonialist subjugated the peace and tranquility of the people before arriving at the January 1st 1914 Amalgamation of the Southern and Northern Protectorate.

Environmental Factors and Human Resource Management in Local Government Administration in Nigeria

Human resource management is the mobilisation of available human resource in the organization to achieve the organizational goals. Human resource management activities are not devoid of challenges in any organization, including Local Government Councils in Nigeria; hence, this study identified such challenges as environmental factors and classified it as internal and external environmental factors affecting human resource management in Nigerian Local Governments. These factors were identified on account of the observed irregularities in human resource management policies and practice in the Local Government service. This study therefore aims at examining the environmental factors affecting human resource management in Nigerian local governments between 2010-2018. Data were collected from observations, interviews and documented facts on the subject matter, while system theory was used to explain the interdependence of the various departments and its effects on human resource management in the Councils. The study findings identified poor capacity building and orientation, activities of trade unions, administrative policies and politics, capacity of the Council leadership, among others as internal factors; and political, social, legal, physical, etc., as part of the external environmental factors affecting human resource management in Nigerian Local Governments. The study concluded that the internal and external factors have significant effects on the human resource management and productivity of the Local Governments in Nigeria. This study further made some recommendations on strategies to achieve effective human resource management in Nigerian Local Governments.
 Keywords: Staff development, Local Government, environmental factors, human resource management, organizational productivity.

Leadership Management and Control of Local Government in Nigeria for Grassroot Development

Local government administration in Nigeria, as the third tier of government, has been bedevilled with so many challenges despite series of reforms. These challenges were adduced to emanate for lack of proper administrative management and control as leadership is believed to be the cornerstone of the system’s effective and responsible grass-root development. Thus, this paper was informed to examine the various types of leadership styles operating in organizations as well as the local governments in the country. This was done using sources of data such as journal articles, newspapers and textbooks related to local government administration in Nigeria. It is, therefore a descriptive study that relied on secondary data sources. The paper revealed the forms of leadership styles and their challenges inhibiting efficient service delivery to the people at the grassroot level of governance in Nigeria. It concluded that the challenges are institutional and attitudinal in nature which could be addressed if there is the political will by the leaders of the local governments. It recommended a democratized local government leadership system to allow both the leaders and the subordinate to ventilate their administrative opinions in making decisions which affect the rural populace at the grassroot levels.

Entrepreneurship Policies and Poverty Reduction in Selected States of the South-East, Nigeria

Entrepreneurship policies and programs have been noted and acknowledged globally as one of the instruments for achieving poverty reduction. As a result of the widespread poverty in the country, previous government administrations in Nigeria have at different times initiated policies and programs aimed at poverty reduction. This study investigated the relationship between entrepreneurship policies and poverty reduction in selected states of the South-East, Nigeria. Survey design was employed in the study. The population of the study were three selected states (Abia, Imo and Anambra States). Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in analysis of data. The study found that entrepreneurship policies had joint significant effect on poverty reduction F (1, 133) =117.900, Adj. R 2 =.468, p <0.05 in Abia state. Also, in Imo State, entrepreneurship policies had significant effect on poverty reduction F (1, 120)=237.008, Adj. R 2 =.663, P<0.05. Entrepreneurship policies had significant effect on poverty reduction F (1, 140)=501.709, Adj. R 2 =.781, P <0.05 in Anambra state. The study recommends strong and focused emphasis on youth and women empowerment through the provision of Entrepreneurship Training Centers in all the local government areas within the three selected states of the South East as this will enhance employment generation and poverty reduction. Keywords : Entrepreneurship policies, employment generation, economic development, poverty reductions DOI: 10.7176/DCS/10-2-06 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

Transparency and Environmental Sustainability Guidelines in Land Administration in Nigeria

The Land Use Act of Nigeria, first enacted in 1978 was intended to simplify and standardise land administration systems across the country. It vested the authority to plan, assign and approve certificates of land ownership in the state governors, and all non-urban land in the local governments. However, the Act failed to establish the standards of designating a location as ‘urban’ or ‘rural’ and it also failed to incorporate biodiversity conservation and environmental standards. Undertaking desk reviews of previous studies, this research aimed to analyse the causes of corruption and the ineffective strategies in land-resource management and indicated the benefits of instituting modern reforms across that would mitigate corrupt practices and ensure efficiency in land administration and tenure governance using frameworks such as the World Bank’s Land Governance Assessment Framework and the Food and Agricultural Organisation’s Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests .

The Effects of Institution on Enterprise Growth in Nigeria

Enterprise in Nigeria has not been growing very rapidly given that Nigeria has a population of about 185million. There are a number of institutional factors which may contribute to the slow enterprise growth in Nigerian economy. This study therefore utilized Nigeria Enterprise Survey data (2014) and apply the multinomial logistic regression model to examine the effects of institution on enterprise growth in Nigeria. It was therefore found by the study that with respect to the growth of partnership enterprises compared to sole proprietorship, enterprise growth is encouraged by corruption, improvement in rule of law, favourable customs trade regulation, and favourable labour regulation. It is however, negatively affected by political instability, crime, theft and disorder, bottlenecks in business license permit, and tax administration in Nigeria. The study however recommended among others that, there is need for sustained political stability, reduction in the crime, theft and disorder rates in the country.

Pension Scheme in Nigeria: History, Problems and Prospects

Older persons are a particularly vulnerable group of people, due to a decline in their physical, mental and consequently economic powers. In Nigeria, westernization and urbanization is also eroding away the traditional extended family kinship system which hitherto took care of the elderly. Social security systems that have been in evolution right from the colonial era have not been very effective owing in the main, to administrative negligence, poor planning and poor policy implementation. To stem this tide, the Nigerian government introduced the pensions reform in 2004. This paper seeks to examine the evolution of pension fund administration in Nigeria, the problems associated with the scheme, and suggests ways in which the scheme may be improved to better the lot of retirees.

Juvenile Justice Administration in Nigeria and Contemporary International Standards

Juvenile Justice Administration in Nigeria and Contemporary International Standards Dr. Alfred Abhulimhen-Iyoha, Dr. M. O. Oseghale Abstract The age of Criminal responsibility in Nigeria is to protect the Rights of Children, in which case the Juvenile. There are other laws which deal with Juvenile administration in Nigeria, such as the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999, the Penal Code Law, Criminal Code, the Children and Young Persons Law (applicable in the various states) the Child Rights Act, which have been domesticated by some states etc. However, the institutions involve in Juvenile administration like the Police, the Court, the Prisons are established for the purpose. But the question therefore is, whether these agencies have met the contemporary international standards in Juvenile administration in Nigeria. This is what this paper seeks to appraise and it was discovered that there are many manifest problems in all the stages of Juvenile administration. It concludes that it is in dire need for reforms in the institutions, adequate funding, capacity building of persons and their specialization in child centered skills. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jlcj.v8n1a10

Finance Act 2019 and Its Implications in Value Added Tax Administration in Nigeria

The emergence of Finance Act, 2019 shows that tax revenue collection has finally become a basic parameter for economic development in Nigeria. Ever since Nigeria started the production of crude oil in a commercial quantity in 1956, the economy has been significantly skewed to crude oil dependence with merely little or no efforts for its diversification. But following the recent global fall in crude oil price that has impacted negatively on the national economic development, it has become eminent to divert to other sources of revenue generation than oil and gas sector. This has necessitated the adoption of Finance Act, 2019 in budgeting system that is driven on non-oil tax revenue. This technical paper therefore, discusses Finance Act, 2019 and its implications in Value Added Tax Administration in Nigeria. The paper pinpoints the major amendments of Value Added Tax Act, Cap VI, LFN 2004 (as amended), as contained in the Finance Act, 2019 and highlights their underlining implications as well as provides further clarifications for appropriate implementation of the Act and its ease of administration. It is the assertion of this paper that, tax law on itself does not optimize tax revenue collection, but effective and efficient administration of tax law does. It is also the purport of the paper to enhance human capacity in harnessing the opportunities lying therein, which would in turn, optimize tax revenue collection and voluntary compliance that can make taxation the pivot of national development. The paper employs secondary model of data collection and recommends for speedy linkage of the tax identification number with the bank biometric verification number of each tax paying public to eliminate the high tendency of tax evasion scheme in Nigeria.

Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth

This study examines the relationship between Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth. In order to achieve this objective, data was gathered through secondary means. Tax Revenue is proxy by Petroleum Profit Tax, Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax, while Economic Growth is proxy by Gross Domestic Product. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of the Stata computer software. The study revealed that Petroleum Profit Tax (oil tax revenue) has a positive but no significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth, while Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax (non-oil Tax Revenue) have significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth. The study recommends that government should minimize the wide spread corruption and leakages prevalent in tax administration in Nigeria, and transparently and judiciously account for tax revenue generated through the provision of more quality public goods and services, and need not to increase the rates of Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax in the short run, but to closely monitor the operations of companies engaged in petroleum operations to minimize tax evasion, and as well as support the development of entrepreneurial activities in order to significantly increase Tax Revenue so as to sustain the significant relationship of VAT and CIT (non-oil tax) revenue with Nigeria Economic Growth.

Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth

This study examines the relationship between Tax Revenue and Nigeria Economic Growth. In order to achieve this objective, data was gathered through secondary means. Tax Revenue is proxy by Petroleum Profit Tax, Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax, while Economic Growth is proxy by Gross Domestic Product. Data collected were analyzed with the aid of the Stata computer software. The study revealed that Petroleum Profit Tax (oil tax revenue) has a positive but no significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth, while Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax (non-oil Tax Revenue) have significant relationship with Nigeria Economic Growth. The study recommends that government should minimize the wide spread corruption and leakages prevalent in tax administration in Nigeria, and transparently and judiciously account for tax revenue generated through the provision of more quality public goods and services, and need not to increase the rates of Value Added Tax and Companies Income Tax in the short run, but to closely monitor the operations of companies engaged in petroleum operations to minimize tax evasion, and as well as support the development of entrepreneurial activities in order to significantly increase Tax Revenue so as to sustain the significant relationship of VAT and CIT (non-oil tax) revenue with Nigeria Economic Growth.

Election Administration in Nigeria: Interrogating Independent National Electoral Commission Transition Efforts from Manual to Electronic Voting

The thrust of this paper is the transitional process from paper ballot to electronic voting in the management of Nigeria elections by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). Managing election in Nigeria has been faced with a hurricane of interests from politicians, electoral commission and also the public. This paper has attempted to take a theoretical discourse on why the transition process in adopting full electronic voting in Nigeria has been node-diving. This paper addressed the problem of credibility by officials of the INEC in declaring election results and will also examine the level of acceptance of the technology or Model initiated by INEC in the conduct of elections. The paper utilized secondary sources of data collection. The Technology innovation theory was used to explain the concept of transition. We further recommend that Paper-trail backup must accompany Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) in the conduct of elections; Government should ensure various institutions responsible for the success of EVM is properly funded; Governments and electoral management bodies in developing nations should improve computer literacy rate among citizens due to technophobia that exists within them. We further concluded that Nigeria as a country should ensure that movement through its transition process in the quest for credibility and transparency in the conduct of elections should be a creeping approach rather than a forceful one. Key Words : Independent Electoral Commission, manual voting, electronic voting machine, Technology innovation theory

Examining the role of public administration in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship development in Nigeria 1999–2018

Background: Nigeria has been described as among the leading economies in Africa, yet it has experienced cycles of economic boom and recession. Commercial capitalism has left the industrial sectors relatively underdeveloped. As is the practice elsewhere, sustainable entrepreneurship development is the foundation of industrial development. However, in Nigeria, this imperative need is faced with numerous challenges.Aim: Within the framework of development theory, this article examines the role of public administration in promoting sustainable entrepreneurship development in Nigeria, as well as challenges confronting public administrator’s role in this regard.Setting: This study was carried out using the qualitative desktop method in deriving data for answering the question. About 45 literature sources were consulted and analysed in order to explore the interface between public administration and sustainable entrepreneurship development in Nigeria.Methods: This article adopts a qualitative approach and is descriptive in nature, with the researcher setting out to illustrate the association that exists between the dependent and independent variables.Results: This article argues that the undeveloped state of the industrial sectors in Nigeria can be attributed to poor entrepreneurship development that could have served as the basis for rapid industrialisation in the country and the attendant effect of making the country one of the developed countries of the world. The poor state of entrepreneurship development in the country is traceable to factors such as irrelevant policy options and directions, poor funding of entrepreneurship development programmes, an ineffective education system, lack of reliable power supply, and the rentier nature of the economy.Conclusion: It concludes that public administration in Nigeria should ensure policy consistency in terms of continuity and stability, the development of an indigenous sustainable development paradigm, the prevention and punishment of corruption, improved funding of entrepreneurship development programmes and the provision of reliable electricity.

Blueprints for Dynamic Leadership in Local Government Administration in Nigeria

This paper examines the problem of leadership in local government administration with particular reference to Nigeria. This is done against the backdrop of the belief that leadership has failed generally in the Nigerian public service and in the local government in particular. The work depicts local government as very useful in ensuring that governments are made responsive to the needs of the people and responsible to them. This noble idea tends to be marred by leadership crises manifested in dismal and poor performances of local government administration in Nigeria. Even the various reforms carried out since 1976 have not been able to make the system effective and responsible to developmental challenges. This paper identifies, in addition to poor leadership, the problems of corruption, overstaffing, heavy dependence on federally allocated revenue, insufficient financial resources, loss of autonomy etc in local government administration. The work is a descriptive study which relied on sources of secondary data and qualitative analysis. The paper discussed a number of strategies capable of enhancing dynamic leadership in local government administration. One of the strategies is that local government leaders should adopt the transformational style of leadership. Another is that the followership should be proactive.

A RELATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGRICULTURE, OIL AND NON-OIL TAX REVENUES TO NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC EXPANSION

The decline in oil prices globally has led to diversification of economy in most oil enriched countries. In Nigeria, more attention is given to agriculture and non-tax revenue sources to ensure that the country overcomes a mono-economy syndrome which has affected the nation in the past. This study assesses the contributions of agriculture, oil and non-oil tax revenue to economic expansion in Nigeria using data that cover a period from 1981 to 2017. The regression results indicate that oil revenue has a significant negative impact on economic growth which is represented by gross domestic product. On the contrary, the study finds evidence that agriculture and non-oil tax revenue have a robust significant and positive influence on economic growth. Therefore, the study suggests that tax administration in Nigeria should be more business-growth conscious and that agriculture should be given a boost by creating an enabling environment that could attract foreign direct investments in the agricultural sector. The study also recommends that oil revenues should be utilized for reinvestments into other sectors of the economy. Keywords: Oil revenue, non-oil tax revenue, agriculture, economic growth, Nigeria.JEL Classifications: H27, H24, H25, N5, O4

Appraising the Role of Military Governments towards Nation Building in Africa: A Focus on Murtala-Obasanjo Administration in Nigeria

Appraising the Role of Military Governments towards Nation Building in Africa: A Focus on Murtala-Obasanjo Administration in Nigeria

Residents’ assessment of local government road infrastructure delivery in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Ensuring adequate provision of municipal infrastructure, utilities and services constitutes a major rationale for the local government administration in Nigeria. This paper examined the road infrastructure delivery performance (provision, maintenance and rehabilitation) of the local administration in the two local government areas of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire and key-informant interview. Using multistage sampling, 600 residents were surveyed. The key-informant interviews were conducted on three local government senior administrative officers. Descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis were employed in the analysis. The study found that the local administrations in the city lacked autonomy, as they practically advance the cause of the state government. Thus, they could neither initiate nor execute any infrastructure project independently. It was also found that residents in the city were often required to contribute financially towards the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure in their neighbourhoods. The study concluded that the performance of the local administration in the city was poor in terms of its statutory duty of municipal road infrastructure delivery. Consequently, the paper recommends the enhancement of the overall performance of local administration in Osun State through the granting of full political and financial autonomy to the local government.

Local Government Administration in Nigeria: A Historical Perspective

Local government administration in Nigeria is as old as history and its dated back pre-colonial era. It had been part of system of government among ethnic groups in Nigeria particularly the Yoruba in the West, Hausa/Fulani in the North and the Igbo in the East. Each ethnic group operating it as it suits their cultural value. Under colonial administration, it was known as indirect rule system. It was an attempt to govern the people through their chief. At independence and thereafter, the system has since been restructured and reorganized depending on the regime and the nature of government in power. These changes have made it to pass through series of uncertainties and with peculiar characteristics. The paper, therefore, examines the historical development of local government in Nigerian state. The research methodology is carried out through the use of secondary data. However, the paper founds out that, the current state of Local Government in Nigeria is characterised by unbridled interference of the State Government and therefore recommends that, there is need to review the Constitution to make Local Government autonomous especially on the issues of fiscal power, functions and responsibilities.

Autonomous Generated Income of Three Levels of Government and Money Supply in a Democratic Administration: The Case Study of Nigeria

Abstract The study provides statistical proof of the influence of autonomous generated income of the three levels of government on money supply in the present day democratic administration in Nigeria. The study uses ex post facto research design and annual time series data ranging from 2000-2017. The data are obtained from CBN Statistical Bulletin 2017 edition and CBN Annual Reports and Ordinary Least Squares technique is employed to analyze them with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The findings reveal that Federal Government Independent Revenue (FGIR) and State government Independent Revenue (SGIR) impact on money supply positively and significantly while the Local Government Independent Revenue has insignificant positive impact on money supply. The policy implication of the results is that government revenue under the autonomous control of the three levels of government in Nigeria has a lot of influence on money circulating in the economy and therefore, stringent monetary policies should be applied to regulate it in order to prevent inflationary economic situation in the country.

UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: HISTORY, ETHICS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Purpose: This paper is an exploratory work focusing on university administration in practice. The study interrogates ethics and practice of university administration in Nigeria, vis-à-vis service-delivery. It captures and exemplifies the nature and elements of university administration as experienced in the contemporary Nigerian polity, making references to aspects of industrial and organizational psychology, human factor psychology, and others, in the context of diverse interrelationships between theory and practice. It reverts to antecedents of administrative practice, and draws attention to observed infractions in the contemporary devoir, and in corporate governance.
 Methodology: The research design is descriptive, focusing on answering the how, what, when and where, (i.e. in addition to why) thus, providing rooms for examination of historical evidences, theoretical relevance and practical algorithms. A survey is conducted to validate our stance on compromised standards, and to posit measures that re-assert good practice, using the qualitative research method to succinctly describe the research problem by observing the dialectical nuances of the work environment and drawing far-reaching conclusions on the contemporary state of management and administration in our universities.
 Results: The study revealed that ethics and corporate culture had become compromised due to decades of abstruse practices, and that there was the need to urgently revamp work ethics, re-align values and re-orient practice in order to catch up with the meteoric speed of the global space. The nuances and intricacies involved in creating and maintaining standards, and the necessity of recreating a virile work culture is incontestable, not forgetting that our colonial antecedent also provided a skewed ‘law and order’ background for the practice.
 Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: It was recommended that negatives like excessive bureaucracy should be jettisoned, and open-door policies should displace shoehorned policies of government. Our universities should be nurtured and encouraged to self-regulate, while modern management technique should be entrenched in the system. In order to be able to effectively deliver on their triadic mandates of teaching, research and community services, the workforce in the universities should be adequately motivated and a strong reward system should be put in place to galvanize excellence. The National Policy of Education should be constantly reviewed in tandem with new-age realities, while aggressive digitization should be introduced to simplify operations and maximize service-delivery.