Administration In Germany Research Articles

Organizational Structure, Channels and Methods of Propaganda Work of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany, 1945–1949

Introduction. The paper deals with the issues of the propaganda system in the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany (SOZ) between 1945 and 1949. Based on de-classified documents from Russian Archives propaganda organization, channels and methods of propaganda units of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAG) became a subject to study. The authors emphasize on control means towards German mass media and implementing the Soviet propaganda monopoly in East Germany. Methods and materials. The authors consequently analyze the main channels and methods of positive USSR image broadcasting: radio, press, SMAG propaganda unit lectures, people’s education system, activities of society for Soviet cultural studies, acquaintance trips of German delegations to the USSR, presentations of Soviet exhibitions and films. Analysis and Results. The authors come to a conclusion that the Soviet propaganda in East Germany had a low efficiency. It failed to establish a complete monopoly of Soviet propaganda units in East Germany. The SOZ population could access the propaganda from West Germany and West Berlin, which broadcast a radically negative image of the USSR. Besides, the units and institutions of the Group of Soviet Occupation Troops in Germany (GSOTG) created their own image of Soviet people, which was different from the ideal and broadcast one. Thus, it turned out to be impossible to provide the unification of the broadcast and perception of propagandist materials devoted to the USSR and its population. Soviet propaganda in Germany had gone through the transition by the late 1940s: division of Germany in two states appeared to be a reality, and the establishment of socialist society on Stalin’s model took place in East Germany. Ideological revisiting of the Soviet social constitution, and so its supremacy over the bourgeois one was to replace the conventional image of the country of total welfare and happiness.

Региональная политика советских оккупационных властей в Германии, 1945-1949: от федерализма к унитаризму

Региональная политика советских оккупационных властей в Германии, 1945-1949: от федерализма к унитаризму

Public Administration in Germany: Problems and Potential of a Fragmented Community

ABSTRACTWhat is the discipline of Public Administration (PA) ultimately for? The German community has recently entered new deliberations on this recurrent question, with several papers and workshops addressing the present and future of their national discipline. This article uses original survey data to introduce the views of the German community at large and analyzes intellectual commonalities against a background of institutional fragmentation. It scrutinizes preferences for epistemological positions, research aims, and publication strategies, while also investigating potentials for cooperation through interdisciplinary exchange and theoretical or thematic concordance. The results show a community in intellectual crisis. Faced with fears of decreasing reputation and influence, German PA is still divided about its purpose and separated by disciplinary borders.

ALMAN KAYNAKLARINA GÖRE I. DÜNYA SAVAŞI NDA RUSLARLA ALMANLAR ARASINDA BREST-LİTOVSK BARIŞ SÜRECİ MÜZAKERELERİ VE BARIŞ ANTLAŞMASI

World War I began with Serbia declaring war on Austria-Hungary after the Austro-Hungarian Empire Velaihti Ferdinad was killed by a Serb nationalist during his visit to Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. After the polarization between War Alliance (Britain, France and Russia) and the Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy), it has passed among the states involved. With the Ottoman State and its allies winning the sea and land battles on the front of the Dardanelles with a superior success, the First World War lasted more than expected. Between the Entente Powers and Tsarist Russia, land and sea transportation has not been provided, and since the long history of internal politics, Russia has experienced a Bolshevik Revolution and the Tsarist regime has collapsed. This is the beginning of negotiations to end the war between the Bolsheviks and the Allied Powers, which came to power in Russia. The aim of this research is to investigate the peace negotiations between the Bolsheviks and Germany, according to German sources. The research was carried out using the document analysis method in the qualitative research design. German sources were used in the research. After the Bolshevik Revolution, the negotiations between Germany and the new administration in Germany, the points of concern and the process of the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litovsk were put forward.

К ВОПРОСУ О ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СОВЕТСКОЙ ВОЕННОЙ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ В ГЕРМАНИИ В 1945-1947 ГГ

К ВОПРОСУ О ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СОВЕТСКОЙ ВОЕННОЙ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ В ГЕРМАНИИ В 1945-1947 ГГ

Adapting as usual: integrative and segregative institutions shaping adaptation to climate change in local public administrations

AbstractLocal administrations play a key role in delivering adaptation to climate change. To do so, they need to address collective action. Based on transaction costs economics, this paper explores the role of so-called integrative and segregative institutions in the way local administrations adapt – whether their different functional branches respond to climate change collectively rather than independently. Through a comparative analysis of 19 climate-sensitive local administrations in Germany, the paper shows that variation in the way local administrations structure their internal coordination determines the way they approach climate adaptation. Under integrative institutions, local administrations adjust prior coordination structures to accommodate adaptation. Under segregative institutions, administrations move towards integrative institutions in order to adapt, provided they already ‘feel’ climate change.

Советская военная администрация и книжное дело в Восточной Германии в 1945–1949 гг.: издательство «SWA-Verlag»

A study of the history and activities of the «SWA-Verlag» publishing house founded by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany, covering the organisational structure of the «SWA-Verlag», its’ activities and the impact it had on the East Germany book publishing in the early post-war period.

Советская военная администрация и книжное дело в Восточной Германии в 1945–1949 гг.: поддержка немецких издательств и выпуск школьных учебников

The paper considers activities of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany in the area of German publishing industry development during the early post World War II years. The process of establishing new publishing houses and their activities on literature publication are studied. Much prominence is given to the issue of preparation and publication of new textbooks for German schools.

Planungstheorie und Planungswissenschaft im Praxistest: Arbeitsalltag und Perspektiven von Regionalplanern in Deutschland

Spatial planning challenges increasingly cross local boundaries. Statutory planning, which is organized along all different levels of government, is very complex and with its mix of informal and formal instruments difficult to put into fixed categories. It acts between local self-autonomy and large-scale spatial changes. Available empirical evidence about how and whereby planning is currently done, is often unclear or weak. This article is grounded on a survey of practitioners within regional planning administrations in Germany to investigate the development and use of theories and the perspectives of practitioners on these theories. Theories and their understanding prove to be as diverse as practice itself. The challenge to translate scientific evidence into working progresses of practitioners, the understanding of theories and the self-perception of planning practitioners has also been addressed. One main aim of this article is to show perspectives on the daily work in practice, the transfer of expertise between research and practice, the emergence and use of theories as well as the perception of planning theories by practitioners. Results reveal a highly diverse landscape of planning practices and a duality between a vested interest in research evidence and planning theories, but also deficiencies in communication and mutual understanding.

Zur Bedeutung nationalsozialistischer Statistiken und Statistiker nach dem Krieg

Abstract After the war, NS-statistics were put to manifold uses. Indeed, the industrial census of 1936 served both as a benchmark for the restrictions on German production imposed by the allied powers and as an indispensable input for the introduction of the planned economy in East Germany. In addition the NS-statisticians involved were also considered indispensable for interpreting and implementing these statistics. In order to assess the economic effects of allied bombing during the war, John Kenneth Galbraith oversaw the Overall Economic Effects Division of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey. Wagenführ and other German statisticians were interrogated in order to elucidate the statistical files of Speer’s Planning Office (Planungsamt), the command centre of the German war economy. As the chief statistician in Speer’s Ministry for Armaments, Wagenführ had been in charge of the statistical information system for running the war economy. The article focuses on a recently detected file on the kidnapping of Rolf Wagenführ by US-officers from Berlin to Bad Homburg in the summer of 1945. At that time, Wagenführ was working for the central command of the Soviet military administration of Germany. I found the report on the kidnapping and the ensuing interrogation which Wagenführ wrote for his Soviet command officer. It is part of the archival files of the German Democratic Republic hosted by the German Federal Archive (Bundesarchiv) in Berlin-Lichterfelde. The article here concludes with both a brief presentation of those German production statistics (Statistische Schnellberichte) which had been compiled on a monthly basis for the inner political circle around Hitler during the war, and with some results from the USSBS.

Dealing with Organizational Double Binds: Three-way Interactive Effects of Role Stressors and Coping on Worker Exhaustion.

Based on theory regarding the dynamics of organizational double binds, hypotheses were developed about interactive effects of role conflict, role ambiguity, and coping on psychological exhaustion. Hypotheses were tested in a sample of 948 civil servants employed by a government administration in Germany. The sample included 250 (26.4%) women (M age = 43.6 year, SD = 8.3) and average organizational tenure was 17.1 year (SD = 10.0). Moderated multiple regression supported the two hypothesized three-way interactions. Under conditions of high role conflict and high role ambiguity, exhaustion was lower in workers reporting high control coping than in workers reporting low control coping. Under conditions of high role conflict and high role ambiguity, worker exhaustion was more pronounced when support coping was high than when it was low. Problem-focused control coping seems crucial to maintain mental health in dealing with contradictory and unclear work role expectations. Emotion-focused support coping appears symptomatic of prolonged involvement in psychologically dysfunctional work situations that cannot otherwise be addressed. Implications are discussed in the context of growing awareness of the contradictory demands organizations impose on employees.

The Europeanization of the political system and the public administration in Germany

No abstract

THE ROLE OF THE PAEDIATRIC CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN REDUCING MEDICATION ERRORS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Aim Clinical pharmacists in some countries are a recognised primary source for providing evidence based (where possible) information and advice, to ensure delivery of the correct, safest and most effective medication to patients.1 We wished to determine from the literature: the effect of paediatric clinical pharmacists9 activities on reducing medication error rates; the nature of pharmacists9 interventions to minimise or prevent medication errors in children; other pharmacists9 contributions to patient care. Methods Systematic search of five databases: EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Ovid MEDLINE(R), Allied and Complementary Medicine and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature to end of July 2013, using 74 keywords. Inclusion criteria: original research studies identifying the effect of pharmacists9 activities on reducing/detecting medication errors in neonatal or paediatric patients, or in the general population, where neonatal or paediatric data was separately identified. Results Twenty-five relevant studies were identified in 13 different countries (mostly the US followed by the UK). Studies used three methods of data collection to detect medication errors: chart review, review of incident reports and direct observation of nurses and parents administering medications. Pharmacists identified prescribing, administration and medication errors in general (where the type of error was not specified). Nine studies provided only the number of errors intercepted with no denominator. The remaining 16 studies identified the error rate using seven different denominators. These methodological variations made studies very difficult to compare. Pharmacists intercepted 29 types of medication errors, most commonly: wrong dose (21 studies); wrong drug (11); wrong route of administration (8); incomplete prescriptions (8) and omission of medications (8). Antibiotics were the most common group of medications where interventions were made. The acceptance rate of pharmacists9 recommendations by doctors was identified by nine studies and ranged between 24% (in US) and 98% (in Canada). Pharmacists made 15 different types of contributions. The most common were: provision of information in response to other healthcare professionals9 queries (7 studies); cost savings (e.g. €532 per patient saved in a German paediatric neurology ward as a result of preventing wastage of medications) (5); medication reconciliation (3); education of patients/parents in drug administration to facilitate adherence (3). Education was another successful initiative highlighted in six studies e.g. education of doctors decreased the prescribing dosing error rate from 61.8 to 1.3% of all orders in an Indian specialist children9s hospital.2 It decreased the nurse administration error rate from 40.4% to 7.9% of all administrations and parents from 96.6% to 5.6% of all administrations in Germany.3 Conclusion Paediatric clinical pharmacists use a wide range of initiatives to reduce and prevent medication errors mainly in the US and the UK. Little information is available from other parts of the world where such activities are also likely to be valuable.

Análise comparativa dos cursos de graduação em administração na Alemanha, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos da América

The development of a country is closely linked to its education system. Thus the aim of this article is to present the methods adopted for selection, evaluation and curriculum of the courses of administration in Germany, Brazil and United States of America (USA). This study was conducted through a literature search, where were consulted websites of the Ministry of Education and universities of these countries that served as a reference for this research. The focus of this article is the comparison of admin s interaction with studied fact, it was used for the case study. It was made a critical analysis of the istration courses in these three countries, which were explored aspects of the environment that ha material collected, with the limitations of geographical character, because was approached the administration course in only three countries. It was observed that the course presents different qualifications as the curricular structure in the studied countries. Thus, it was found that the universities have the challenges related to compliance of the curricular structure with charges of the market, where it seeks to adapt to the needs of the economy and rapid adaptation to changing scenarios.

Hydraulic fracturing in unconventional gas reservoirs: risks in the geological system part 1

Hydraulic fracturing of unconventional gas reservoirs rapidly developed especially in the USA to an industrial scale during the last decade. Potential adverse effects such as the deterioration of the quality of exploitable groundwater resources, areal footprints, or even the climate impact were not assessed. Because hydraulic fracturing has already been practised for a long time also in conventional reservoirs, the expansion into the unconventional domain was considered to be just a minor but not a technological step, with potential environmental risks. Thus, safety and environmental protection regulations were not critically developed or refined. Consequently, virtually no baseline conditions were documented before on-site applications as proof of evidence for the net effect of environmental impacts. Not only growing concerns in the general public, but also in the administrations in Germany promoted the commissioning of several expert opinions, evaluating safety, potential risks, and footprints of the technology in focus. The first two publications of the workgroup “Risks in the Geological System” of the independent “Information and Dialogue process on hydraulic fracturing” (commissioned by ExxonMobil Production Deutschland GmbH) comprises the strategy and approaches to identify and assess the potential risks of groundwater contamination of the exploitable groundwater system in the context of hydraulic fracturing operations in the Munsterland cretaceous basin and the Lower Saxony Basin, Germany. While being specific with respect to local geology and the estimation of effective hydraulic parameters, generalized concepts for the contamination risk assessment were developed. The work focuses on barrier effectiveness of different units of the overburden with respect to the migration of fracking fluids and methane, and considers fault zones as potential fluid pathway structures.

Effectiveness, tolerability and patient satisfaction of paediatric live-attenuated influenza immunization (LAIV) in routine-care in Germany: A case-control-study

SubjectPaediatric influenza is an unsolved public health problem, with high attack rates and spread from children to the chronically ill. The nasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is an attractive option for paediatric vaccination and provides good immunogenicity. MethodsInterviewer-blinded analysis of a cohort of children vaccinated with LAIV versus matched unvaccinated controls to assess the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of LAIV in routine paediatric care. ResultsIn the fall of 2012, 146 children (median age 8.7 years, 63% males, 37% females) received LAIV (131-single dose, 15 two-dose), among them 48% with intermittent to moderate persistent asthma. Influenza-like illness (ILI) was reported in 7/144 (5%) vaccinees compared to 33/144 (22%) matched controls, yielding a vaccine effectiveness estimate of 79% (95% confidence interval: 54–90%). Duration of ILI-episodes was on the average 4.0 days after LAIV versus 8.0 days in controls. Among vaccinees, 16/144 (11%) reported nasal congestion, 3/144 other side effects (e.g., 1 episode of bronchitis with urticaria 3 days post vaccination). All parents stated a desire for repeat influenza vaccination next season (4 with trivalent intramuscular influenza vaccine, 140 with LAIV). LAIV administration had a mean acceptability rating of 1.55 (1 = very good, 6 = unacceptable). ConclusionIn routine administration in Germany, LAIV was highly effective and well-tolerated, resulting in good patient satisfaction. Nasal LAIV offers a suitable way to increase paediatric influenza immunization coverage.

Produktive "Parallelgesellschaften". Migration und Ordnung in der (neoliberalen) "Stadt der Vielfalt"

Urban administrations in Germany have been governing districts as concentrations of foreigners, problematizing them as signs of disintegration and urban decay and introducing policies aiming at their dissolution. Recently, however, programs of city development and migration policy are suggesting that German cities should give up their policies of desegregation and start to view districts as productive sites of diversity featuring resources for the local economy and civil society. The paper argues that the effects of this shift in policies may be twofold: on the one hand, neoliberal forms of governance result in the delegetimization of national-social (i.e. ethno-centric) conceptions of urban order and thereby of a systematic notion of urban state-racism in Germany. On the other hand the details of the new strategies show how the conceptions of ethnicity, networks or economies are to be managed as orders of resources and risks. Under these conditions of neoliberalization, diversity may spell out an uncertainty of urban belonging for specific categories of migrant communities, whose otherness must continuously be proven not to be a risk to the neighborhood, but a means of productivity.

Selling France to the French: The French Zone of Occupation in Western Germany, 1945–c.1955

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature of occupation, as well as to transnational history, by exploring the social history of the military government in the French Zone of Occupation in West Germany (ZFO). It uses the Zone as a case study to understand the construction of a French community abroad by looking at systems of buying and selling, and asks whether these systems were not in themselves constitutive of the very transformation of members of the military government into a ‘French community’. By investigating the insistence that French customers buy French goods at the économat, the shop restricted to their use, the article claims that gender, family and commercial practice helped to define home for members of the French administration in Germany.

Dual Processes in Response to Work Characteristics: An Extension of the Job Demands-Resources Model

In this study we developed a dual process model of employee responses to motivating and stressful work characteristics based on core assumptions in the job demands-resources model and self-determination theory. The model was tested using path analysis of survey data from N = 1008 employees in a public administration in Germany. Results confirmed the duality of motivational and health impairment process in response to work characteristics that support, respectively constrain the fulfillment of basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Each process had distinct first-order (intrinsic work motivation and psychological work strain) and second-order outcomes (affective commitment and psychosomatic complaints). Alienation was included as a shared second-order outcome. Individual differences in autonomy orientation affected employee responses as hypothesized. Theoretical and practical implications of the integrated model for managing intrinsic motivation and psychological strain in the workplace are discussed.

A Study on the Education and Research Function of the Post-Graduate School of Germany Police : A Center of Education, Re-Education and Research on the Police Administration of Germany

A Study on the Education and Research Function of the Post-Graduate School of Germany Police : A Center of Education, Re-Education and Research on the Police Administration of Germany