Motor Drive Research Articles

Patrolling Robot

This paper presents the implementation of an IoT-based patrolling robot, incorporating an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, motors, IR sensor, and buzzer. The robot is designed to autonomously patrol a specified area. The ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles to prevent collisions, while the IR sensor identifies low-level objects and alerts the user. The buzzer provides an audible alarm for significant disturbances within the patrolling area. The robot navigates and changes directions using the motor driver and motors, controlled by the Arduino Uno. The ESP module offers local IoT connectivity, enabling remote monitoring and control. This system can be utilized for various applications such as surveillance and security, with the potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of night patrolling operations. Developed at a low cost, the system is accessible to a wide range of users. Testing indicates that the system efficiently and effectively detects and responds to environmental stimuli. The IoT interface allows users to monitor and control the system remotely.

Compatibility Assessment for Interfaces in Drivetrains of Robot-Like Systems

Due to the complexity of robot-like systems (RLS), new developments are often avoided, and most variants of the systems are designed. The primary determinant of an RLS is its drivetrain, which comprises purchased components, namely the controller, motor driver, motor, and gearbox. Each of these purchased parts has different interfaces that are not standardized. If the interfaces are sufficiently complex, the compatibility of the parts can no longer be guaranteed manually. Therefore, this paper presents a draft ontology that verifies the compatibility of purchased parts in RLS drivetrains. Classes and properties are obtained from expert knowledge, norms, data standards, and data sheets to build an ontology. The ontology design is evaluated using an application example for a motor-gearbox interface.

Sensorless Robust Anomaly Detection of Roller Chain Systems based on Motor Driver Data and Deep Weighted KNN

Sensorless Robust Anomaly Detection of Roller Chain Systems based on Motor Driver Data and Deep Weighted KNN

Solar and Wind Power Electric Vehicle

This project concerns a vehicle, the “Solar and Wind Power Electrical Vehicle,” whose operation is controlled using IoT. The principal purpose is to use renewable forces for vehicle movement. There is an ESP32 microcontroller that connects to two electric engines and a motor driver enabling precise commands in the structure. Furthermore, the car consists of a solar battery panel and a wind turbine providing sustainable and ecological energy production. Our main objective is to build a car that uses no oil or gas at all since it can run on something more unconventional, such as solar power, wind energy, etc.; thus, the focus of this project is on creating a green car that will not use fuel made from fossil fuels like petrol or diesel while making sure that it works using only sustainable sources of energy available today. The motor driving system integrates the ESP32 module into the motor speed adjustment circuit (MSAC), which acts as an electronic hub for both motor control signals and serial communication codes between the motor and the CPU (central processing unit) on a single chip. Remote car control using just your phone is possible because IoT connects it. When connected, the driver can have control over each motor's direction individually such that they are interconnected with the two motors by default on the driver circuit board (or the relation may occur by default). Consequently, the vehicle gets an increased capacity for navigating various surfaces more effectively this way—The two engines act as an independent supposing of its configuration. If you want it to move off the road or even on hilly ground, this car would do so easily because there is a mechanism that makes it easier for her to move on such surfaces. It is equipped with a solar panel and wind turbine, allowing the car to be powered by renewable energy from its environment. During the day, the sun charging system converts sunlight into electricity, whereas during the night the wind generator creates power from wind when there is some wind. The stored energy can be preserved in accumulators.

Single axis solar tracking system using arduino

The future is being built upon the foundation of renewable energy, particularly solar energy. Today, India is the third- largest solar deployment country in the world. Solar energy is an extremely efficient form of energy, making it a popular choice among people. However, the fixed structure of solar panels often limits their productivity. This paper proposes capturing more solar energy using a single-axis solar tracking system designed with an Arduino UNO and LDRs (along with two IR sensors). The proposed system aims to increase the performance of solar panels by continuously tracking the sun. It can receive the maximum amount of solar energy when it is perpendicular to the solar panel. The main controller in this paper is the Arduino UNO, a board based on the Atmega328P microcontroller. Two LDRs are used to detect the position of the sun in the sky, while a mirror rotates the orientation of the solar photovoltaic panels with the help of the L293D motor driver. An Arduino board connects to the sensor and gear drive. The photovoltaic panel and the motor are mechanically connected. The Arduino IDE is used to write the driver program. After the system was assembled, its operation was tested. The tracker intelligently adjusts the angle of the panels based on the direction in which the sun is facing the solar panel.

A Real-Time Automotive Safety System Based on Advanced AI Facial Detection Algorithms

This research aims to design and implement a complete safety and comfort device that integrates a Driving Monitoring System (DMS) and a car Seat Electronic Control Unit (SECU). The DMS employs a combination of infrared sensors and a pre-trained Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm with advanced facial recognition capabilities. It aims to monitor and control the driver's distraction and drowsiness level during daytime and nighttime driving conditions by accurately detecting head pose and eye status. If the system detects the driver is drowsy or distracted from the road, a warning system will be activated by sending an electrical signal to the aforementioned car SECU. The designed SECU initiates a car seat vibration and triggers an audible signal to alert the driver of a dangerous situation by managing the seat movement process and protection features. It provides the basic drive and control of the seat motor drivers and position sensors. The most important consideration of this SECU is meeting the following requirements: real-time control of various motors, fast processing speed, low power, low heat dissipation, low quiescent current, and low Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). The two systems were integrated into a single compact device that includes a night vision camera mounted on the steering column to record data without obstructing the driver's view. The system has high precision at a maximum detection rate of 45 Frames Per Second (FPS) in real-time. Furthermore, the system is robust under actual driving conditions without being affected by the time of day, facial expressions, or eye occlusions.

Speed and Direction Control of DC Geared Motor Using WiFi Module

This study covers the design and implementation of a remote brush direct-current (DC) motor speed control platform that is WiFi-based.[1] The NODE MCU, battery, dummy, chassis, and motor driver circuit(L293D) are the parts that make up the platform. The main processor, NODE MCU, is configured with Linux to provide remote control and speed feedback of the motor within a WiFi environment.[2] This article then uses socket technology to realize the processor's communication with the remote client.[3] The encoder and speed meter record the geared DC speed, which is measured by the speed sensor. This article provides a detailed description of the development process of the networked control platform. The platform's feasibility is verified through experimentation using the findings.

Smart Surveillance Rover: Real-Time Monitoring with ESP32-CAM and Pan-Tilt Servo Motor Integration

Abstract: This study delves into the development of a robot-guided vehicle using a Wi-Fi module and a mobile phone, with a specific emphasis on creating a discreet device for covert operations, serving as a portable espionage robot equipped with a wireless communication system. The spy robot incorporates crucial components, including a camera, motor drivers, batteries, and two mobile wheels. The implementation involves the AI Thinker ESP32-CAM module, which boasts an ESP32-S processor, OV2640 camera, and a microSD card slot for image storage. Video streaming is facilitated through the HTTP communication protocol, allowing users to access live video feeds from the OV2640 camera via a web browser. The web interface provides intuitive buttons for controlling the car's movements. The robotic car is assembled with two DC motors, a Robot chassis, and an L293D motor driver module, complementing the ESP32-Camera module. Vehicle operation is controlled by signals transmitted from the user's smartphone, while live streaming occurs through the camera mounted on the robot, with the user's smartphone receiving the live streaming data via the Wi-Fi wireless infrastructure.

Design of Brushless DC Motor Driver Based on Bootstrap Circuit

Brushless DC (BLDC) motor is a three-phase motor that cannot work directly with DC current but requires electronic commutation to replace the brush function in DC motor. This paper aims to implement BLDC motor driver integration based on bootstrap circuit using Autodesk Eagle. The driver board consist of bootstrap circuit based on IR2110, MOSFETs, three voltage regulator, ESP32 microcontroller and ACS712 current sensor connection, logic level converter, and BLDC hall effect signal sensor conditioning. The research proposes bootstrap capacitor calculation based on charging/discharging capacitor principle and the minimum motor speed rotation. The implemented driver has 14x10 cm dimension tested to drive 24V/135W/6000rpm sensored BLDC motor using six steps commutation with pulse width modulation (PWM) inserted programmatically in ESP 32 to drive the high side MOSFET of the driver without AND gate circuit. The effect of pwm frequency and dutycycle variation to the speed and current of the motor is investigated. The results showed that the driver with both 12 V and 24 V voltage source and 68 μF bootstrap capacitor work optimally in 20 KHz PWM frequency both in open loop and closed loop speed control test. The motor reach 129 W for the largest power and 5250 rpm for the fastest speed in 24 V supply.

Control System for Swerve Drive Wheeled Automated Guided Vehicle with Ultra-Wide Band Local Positioning System

Control system for Automates Guided Vehicle (AGV) is used to control the motor movement so that the AGV can go to a position in certain speed and orientation. Discussion in this paper is about how to control 4-wheel swerve drive-based AGV. Mechanical structure of each wheel is built in such a way that the wheel can move forward / backward and the orientation can be adjusted while moving. Each wheel requires two BLDC motors to drive and to steer the AGV. In this project, the power each motor is 200W which is drove and controlled by Syntron LS20530G motor driver that connected to a computer via CAN-bus. An Ultra-Wide Band (UWB)-based Local Positioning System (LPS) is used to monitor the position of the AGV as well as a guide for non-physical paths so that AGV moves according to a given path virtually. The experimental results show that AGV can move in a straight line with a speed of 50m/min. Wheels can also be steered according to a certain angle so that the AGV can move towards the destination point. The steering angle of each wheel is between -135 degrees to 135 degrees.

Enhancing Power Grid System Analysis with Medium Voltage Cascaded H-Bridge Motor Driver Dynamic Model

Medium voltage cascaded H-Bridge motor drives (MV-CHBMD) are popular with renewable applications because of their scalability, reliability, and modularity. The MV-CBHMDs are used in different medium voltage applications and significantly affect grid flexibility, performance, and efficiency. Even with the famous use of MV-CHBMD, the provided simulation models need to be more detailed to cover grid connection dynamic investigations. This study provides a dynamic design of MV-CHBMD, connected with the power grid source and induction motor (IM) with load, which provides a compliance large-scale analysis for the dynamic act of the power grid system. The proposed model of dynamic MV-CHBMD is suitable for power system studies. The model provides an analytical analysis of the grid connection with the cascaded H-bridge motor driver (CHBMD) and IM on the load side of the driver. It accurately represents the dynamic of the total system under different disturbances. The main factors affected during any perturbation are variable frequency and voltage, which are deeply considered in the proposed model. A simulation analysis verifies the model’s accuracy, reliability, and effectivity. The mode sensitivity analysis depends on the impact of the variable parameters on the system acting and responding. The proposed model is easily insertable in the extensive grid-simulating system, which provides more accurate results in power grid dynamic studies.

Reduction Method of Carbon Emission in Chemical Plants: Comparison of Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Korea

There are various methods to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the construction and operational processes of chemical plants; however, the greenhouse gas reduction effects, investment costs, and benefits of their application have not been evaluated. Therefore, this study proposes greenhouse gas reduction measures that can be applied to chemical plant projects, including photovoltaic power generation, power factor improvement, VSD (Variable Speed Drive) motors, LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting, and minimizing on-site business trips. Subsequently, the potential greenhouse gas reduction, estimated costs, and expected benefits for each measure were calculated by region. Among these measures, power factor improvement demonstrated the highest CO<sub>2</sub> reduction potential, with an estimated investment cost as low as 27 USD/tCO<sub>2</sub>, making it an effective greenhouse gas reduction strategy. Additionally, LED lighting and minimizing on-site business trips, which require little initial investment, should be implemented promptly. The proposed five measures, considering the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, estimated investment costs, and benefits, can be applied to identify ways to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in new chemical plants.

SIMULATING ELECTRIC VEHICLE DRIVING CYCLES WITH A HARDWARE-IN-LOOP (HIL) SYSTEM

Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining attention as a promising solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper proposes system architecture of a Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) system to explore simulating the electric vehicle (EV) driving cycles using HIL testing approach. The HIL system uses an Arduino DUE as the controller, connecting MATLAB Simulink to an RC Car acting as the EV. It employs an L298N motor driver, B25, and ACS712 sensors to measure voltage and current behavior from an 11.1V 4200mAh Lithium-Ion battery. Simulink's GUI allows users to select desired driving cycles for simulation. Results show that the voltage decreases with speed, while the current increases as expected across various driving cycles (NEDC, WHVC, WLTP Class 1, UDDS, and SC03). This success confirms the HIL system's architecture capability to simulate and monitor battery discharging trends in terms of their voltage and current.

Development of Automatic Object Lifter

Food service is the most significant part of running a successful restaurant. Precise and consistent food order distribution must be synchronized to achieve a remarkable operation. As the food business industry develops, the quality of the technology goes down. It now becomes the burden of the owners, especially on the workers. Developing an automated dumbwaiter with High Torque DC Motor and 1-kg load cell w/ HX711 Amplifier was conceptualized to solve this problem. The study aims to design, fabricate, and test the functionality of an Arduino-based automatic object lifter that will convey the corresponding meal to the following floor. The circuitry comprises an Arduino Uno, 1-kg Load Cell, HX711 Load Cell Amplifier, LCD Display 20x4 HD44780 Controller, Rotary Switch, Limit Switch, L298N Motor Driver, and a High Torque DC Motor. The system begins to operate after the load cell is calibrated. After this, the food was placed on a tray over the top of the dumbwaiter with a 1-kg load cell underneath. The meal weights will be set accordingly and saved as data when the microcontroller analyses the values given by the load cell and HX711 module. The dumbwaiter has only three meals available. Every meal comprises three different combinations of food items per tray, for a maximum of 1 kg. For the first meal: 1-pc Chicken w/ Rice & Drinks, second meal: Spaghetti w/ Fries & Drinks, and the third meal: Burger w/ Fries & Drinks. Whenever there are discrepancies in the weights of the food items, it prevents the system's operation. The dumbwaiter carries the meals up to the next floor. As the dumbwaiter hits the plunger of the limit switch, it instantly stops. Generally, the prototype was functional, with an average transport time of 13.584 seconds and a limit switch-breaking system of 0.5 milliseconds.

Mekanik Tahrikli Rastgele Kısa Desen Yapan Makine Prototipi

One of the important producers of the industrial industry in our country is the textile sector. The importance of the textile industry for our country is growing day by day with increasing production and employment. In order to keep up with this growth, manufacturers need to go beyond their existing systems, show their differences and make the right innovations in their production. Considering these values, changes to be made in the yarn structure or dyeing process come to the fore. In this study, the dyeing process is discussed. Weaving and home textiles, which are an important part of the textile industry, have a wide market. There are different dyeing systems that have an important market for the products made in these areas. Spaced and smart painting, which are among these painting systems, do not meet the needs in the desired direction. A new machine design is needed to provide the desired features. In the study conducted in this direction; A commercially unavailable machine has been implemented, designed and manufactured to generate random short patterns with mechanical drive. In project scope; First of all , the paint stand to be integrated into the system was designed . Different yarn lifters and godet systems have been designed. Paint container, drive system and electronic panel are also mounted on the system. In addition, new software has been developed within the scope of the project to provide automatic control of the system. Studies were carried out with PLC and Arduino electronic circuit board. In the first stage, motor driver circuits were designed with PLC and Arduino. Then, with the software loaded on the PLC and Arduino processor board, the frequency values to be given to the inverter were started by changing the threshold ranges we wanted. Lifters and painting cylinders are connected to each other so that the same sequence is not repeated. Thus, in this study carried out in line with the needs, both a new machine and a new textile product with different dye patterns emerged.

Profiles of pregnant women encountering motor vehicle crashes in Taiwan, 2008–2017

BackgroundUnderstanding demographic profiles is essential to the assessment of health burden imposed by motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) on pregnant women. However, Asian studies that have examined it are lacking. The study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics and prevalence of MVCs involving pregnant women in Taiwan.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted by the Taiwan Birth Notification dataset from 2008 to 2017 was linked with the police-reported traffic collision registry to identify pregnant women involved in MVCs. The pregnant women were categorized according to their gestational age, age at delivery, the role of road user (driver, passenger, or pedestrian), and vehicle types (car, two-wheeled motor vehicle, or others). A chi-square test was performed for the significance test.ResultsA total of 22,134 (1.13%) pregnant women were involved in MVCs in the study period. Two-wheeled motor vehicle (47.9%) and driver (81.4%) were the mainly reported vehicle type and road user at the crash scenes, respectively. The majority of MVCs occurred in pregnant women aged 28–34 years. The number of MVCs rapidly declined after 37 weeks of gestation, especially two-wheeled motor vehicle or car crashes. However, the number of pedestrian victims climbed up during the third trimester.ConclusionPregnant women are susceptible to MVCs regardless of their gestational age, role of a road user, or type of vehicle. The findings of this study emphasize the need for increased awareness of traffic collision prevention among pregnant women aged 28–34. In addition, improving pedestrian safety is essential for the reduction of pregnant victims.

Development of a microcontroller and resistive touchscreen-based speed monitoring and control system for DC motor

<span>Speed control is a key requirement in direct current (DC) motor applications where accuracy, reliability, flexibility, and safety are of high importance. In this study, a microcontroller and resistive touchscreen-based DC motor speed monitoring and control system were developed. The core components employed in the development of the system include Arduino ATMega328P microcontroller, thin film technology (TFT) resistive touch screen, L293D motor driver, and infrared (IR) sensor module. ATMega328P microcontroller is the brain of the system around which the overall circuit design was modeled. TFT resistive touch screen displays the motor speed and also, enables the users to set a desired speed. L293D motor driver regulates the voltage and current supplied to the motor, and a feedback loop comprising an IR sensor module ensures the maintenance of the motor speed at the desired level. A performance test was conducted on the developed system to ascertain its correct functionality. The developed speed monitoring and control system operated satisfactorily during testing; achieving a speed control in the range of 800 to 3000 rpm. The developed device is useful and can be scaled up for various domestic and industrial applications.</span>

Simulation design and analysis 9-level H-bridge single phase stepdown cyclo inverter

This DC-to-AC voltage converter is designed for output frequency controlled by a 9-level cascade H-bridge cyclo inverter with pulse width adjustment. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern and format of the voltage, output frequency, and Total Harmonic Distortion index of a 9-level IGBT cyclo inverter. The method used is to build a unidirectional power converter design modeling into 9 alternating levels with cyclo converter-controlled frequency settings using the Simulink MATLAB tool. The cyclo converter section is constructed with two P and N converters in a parallel arrangement. The frequency and trigger pulse width of both converters control the output voltage and frequency format of the cyclo inverter. The test results show a series of ladder waves with an output frequency, of (1/2f, 1/3f, 1/4f, 1/5f, 1/6f, 1/7f, 1/8f, 1/9f, and 1/10f). The simulation results show that the nth input frequency divider waveform is characterized by the emergence of a number of step pulses of n positive half cycles and negative half cycles. The Total Harmonic Distortion Index gets bigger when the system circuit is designed at a low frequency. This modeling can be implemented into a prototype that is used for variable-speed DC motor drivers.

Fire Fighting Robot with SMS Alert System

Abstract: The Arduino-based Fire Fighting Robot with SMS Alert System is a robotic system designed to detect and extinguish fires in indoor environments. The robot uses flame sensors to detect the presence of a fire. Once a fire is detected, the robot moves towards the source of the fire and sprays water to extinguish the flames. The robot is equipped with a GSM module that can send SMS messages to alert the user when a fire is detected. This allows for prompt action to be taken to minimize damage and save lives. The components of the robot include an Arduino board, motor drivers, sensors, and a GSM module. The software code is written in the Arduino IDE and controls the motors, reads sensor data, and communicates with the GSM module. The robot is tested and debugged to ensure that it functions correctly and safely in different scenarios. Overall, the Arduino-based Fire Fighting Robot with SMS Alert provides a reliable and efficient solution for fire detection and suppression with the added benefit of remote communication and control.

Arduino Obstacle Avoiding + Voice Control + Bluetooth Control Robot

The project is design to build an obstacle avoidance robotic vehicle using ultrasonic sensors for its movement. A microcontroller (ATmega328) is used to achieve the desired operation. A robot is a machine that can perform task automatically or with guidance. The project proposes robotic vehicle that has an intelligence built in it such that it directs itself whenever an obstacle comes in its path. This robotic vehicle is built, using a micro-controller of AT mega 328family. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect any obstacle ahead of it and sends a command to the micro-controller. Depending on the input signal received, the micro-controller redirects the robot to move in an alternate direction by actuating the motors which are interfaced to it through a motor driver. Some of the project is built with the IR sensors has its own application so in our project those application is not compactable so we are using ultrasonic sensor