Selection Of Adjectives Research Articles

Dimensions of sexual experiences reflected through adjective selection: findings from a US nationally representative survey.

A growing body of research focuses on the quality of sexual experiences, such as the importance of sexual pleasure, comfort, and intimacy for overall health. Building upon this work, this study aims to develop a deeper understanding of the dimensions of sexual experiences using data from 2897 adult participants from the 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB; 1314 men, 1583 women). We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the extent to which 20 adjectives describing adults' most recent sexual experience (e.g. boring, playful, romantic, etc.) formed a coherent factor or several factors. Next, we explored how different scores on each factor were associated with sexual outcomes for women and men. Our EFA generated two explanatory factors that mapped onto two underlying components: sexual pleasure and sexual danger. These two factors were correlated with sexual health outcomes including sexual wantedness, orgasm, self-rated sexual health, meaningfulness of sex and pain during sex. We found that the innovative list of adjectives used in the 2018 NSSHB provided important and reliable insight into latent dimensions of sex. Specifically, we found that the pleasure dimension was important for both genders, and especially for women, in experiences where the sex was wanted, orgasmic, meaningful, healthy, and without pain. Implications for sexual experiences and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Color preference and contributing factors of urban architecture based on the selection of color samples—Case study: Shanghai

AbstractThe research on citizens' color preference is an important prerequisite for the scientific formulation of urban color planning. Color preferences are normally identified over the Internet or through questionnaire surveys and adjective descriptions. But the analysis has its limitations due to the uncertainty of color descriptions. Based on the quantitative analysis of the three attributes of hue, blackness, and chromaticness, this article obtains the inherent law of color preference of citizens, and compares it with the results of color adjective preference done by our research group before, which can supplement the accuracy of adjective description, so as to provide a reference for the color positioning of urban color planning. This article obtains the three attributes of color samples chosen by the public in the form of questionnaires as well as color sample selections. Among which 36 representative sites in Shanghai were selected according to the six types of land use. Adopting a more detailed method of dividing nine color series, viz. yellow (Y), red‐yellow (YR), red (R), red‐blue (RB), blue (B), blue‐green (BG), green (G), green‐yellow (GY), and the neutrals (WS). Moreover, chi‐square test and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze the color preference factors and explore the relationship between citizen attributes and the three attributes of color sample selection. Research findings are as follows: (a) The citizens' favorite colors of urban architecture center round red, high whiteness, and mid‐low chromaticness. (b) The main factors that influence citizens' hue preference include gender, age, and monthly income; the main factors that influence citizens' blackness preference include: questionnaire distribution points, the frequency of coming to Shanghai, and whether to go abroad; gender and age are the main factors that affect citizens' chromaticness preference. (c) Compared with the previous studies on adjective selection among citizens, it is found that the effect of gender, age, monthly income, and educational background on color preference is similar; differences are in the occupational types, frequency of coming to Shanghai, and whether travels abroad.

Сопоставительный анализ имен прилагательных (на материале произведения И. Шоу «Возвращение в Канзас-Сити» на английском и русском языках)

The article is devoted to the identification of all adjectives and the study of similarities and differences in both variants of I. Shaw’s (Show’s) work “Return to Kansas City” in English and Russian. In the research process the following methods were used: 1) the selection of adjectives from the texts; 2) the classification; 3) the comparative analysis. A table was built. An attempt to analyze and compare the obtained data was fulfilled from a linguistic point of view.

An Adjective Selection Personality Assessment Method Using Gradient Boosting Machine Learning

Goldberg’s 100 Unipolar Markers remains one of the most popular ways to measure personality traits, in particular, the Big Five. An important reduction was later preformed by Saucier, using a sub-set of 40 markers. Both assessments are performed by presenting a set of markers, or adjectives, to the subject, requesting him to quantify each marker using a 9-point rating scale. Consequently, the goal of this study is to conduct experiments and propose a shorter alternative where the subject is only required to identify which adjectives describe him the most. Hence, a web platform was developed for data collection, requesting subjects to rate each adjective and select those describing him the most. Based on a Gradient Boosting approach, two distinct Machine Learning architectures were conceived, tuned and evaluated. The first makes use of regressors to provide an exact score of the Big Five while the second uses classifiers to provide a binned output. As input, both receive the one-hot encoded selection of adjectives. Both architectures performed well. The first is able to quantify the Big Five with an approximate error of 5 units of measure, while the second shows a micro-averaged f1-score of 83%. Since all adjectives are used to compute all traits, models are able to harness inter-trait relationships, being possible to further reduce the set of adjectives by removing those that have smaller importance.

Ordering adjectives in referential communication

• Speakers vary adjective order to facilitate early referent identification. • Adjectives that rule out more referential alternatives are placed earlier. • Adjective ordering is also affected by a production-centered availability effect. • Discriminability and availability affect ordering differently from semantic effects. • Competition in the speaker’s message determines adjective selection and ordering. We contrasted two hypotheses concerning how speakers determine adjective order during referential communication. The discriminatory efficiency hypotheses claims that speakers place the most discriminating adjective early to facilitate referent identification. By contrast, the availability-based ordering hypothesis assumes that speakers produce most available adjectives early to ease production. Experiment 1 showed that speakers use more pattern-before-color modifier orders (than the reversed) when pattern, not color, distinguished the referent from alternatives, providing support for the discriminatory efficiency hypothesis. Participants also overspecified color more often than pattern, and they generally favored color-before-pattern orders, in support of the availability-based ordering hypothesis. Experiments 2 and 3 replicated both effects in a dialogue setting, where speakers’ adjective ordering was also primed by their partner’s ordering, using conjoined and non-conjoined constructions. We propose a novel model ( PASS ) that explains how discriminability and availability simultaneously influence adjective selection and ordering via competition in the speaker’s message representation.

The Living with Dysarthria group for post‐stroke dysarthria: the participant voice

The Living with Dysarthria group programme, devised for people with post-stroke dysarthia and family members, was piloted twice. Feedback from those who experience an intervention contributes to the evaluation of speech and language therapy programmes, giving the participant view of the intervention's value and guiding further developments. What feedback do participants in the Living with Dysarthria programme provide, informing on its perceived usefulness and guiding its future development? Nine people with chronic dysarthria following stroke and four family members who completed the Living with Dysarthria programme all contributed to Focus Group (FG) discussion, transcribed and thematically analysed, and completed an Anonymous Questionnaire Evaluation (AQE), comprising closed statements and open questions. An anonymous descriptive adjective selection task (ADAST) was also used. The varied forms of feedback provided complementary information. Thematic analysis of FG data and AQE open question responses were configured around programme benefits, programme structure and content, and programme practicalities. Benefits associated with participation included learning and insight, being supported by peers and professionals, and improved speech and confidence. These are consistent with the main programme elements of education, support and speech practice. All activities were seen as relevant and positively received. Flexibility, recognition of and catering to individual needs were valued characteristics. The community location was approved by all. Most participants thought the format of eight weekly sessions of 2 h was appropriate. Responses to AQE closed statements provided almost unanimous confirmation of the very positive feedback conveyed in FG discussions. The main response to suggested improvements in AQEs was that the number of sessions should be increased. Feedback indicated that for a few individuals there was negative reaction to some facts about stroke, home practice tasks were difficult to complete, the person with dysarthria/family member pair may not be the optimum combination for paired practice activities and pre-programme information should be extended. The ADAST showed that the programme was enjoyable, interesting, stimulating and useful. Participant feedback indicates that group therapy, with family member participation, is a valid form of management for chronic post-stroke dysarthria. Education, peer and professional support, and speech practice are confirmed as relevant programme components. Consistent majority opinions were communicated in different situations and via varied mediums. Some individuals expressed views relevant to their own needs, and these responses also inform future implementation of the Living with Dysarthria programme.

Student attitudes toward cadaveric dissection at a UK medical school

A more humanistic approach toward dissection has emerged. However, student attitudes toward this approach are unknown and the influences on such attitudes are little understood. One hundred and fifty-six first-year medical students participated in a study examining firstly, attitudes toward the process of dissection and the personhood of the cadaver and secondly, the extent to which gender, anxiety, exposure to dissection, bereavement and prior experience of a dead body influenced these attitudes. Attitudes toward dissection were assessed by of levels of agreement toward eleven statements and by selection of adjectives describing possible feelings toward dissection. Students were asked about recent bereavement, whether they had seen a dead body prior to starting their course and exposure to dissection when completing the questionnaire. Validated instruments were used to measure disposition toward generalized anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and toward death anxiety (Collett-Lester Death Anxiety Scale). Between 60% and 94% of students held positive attitudes toward the process of dissection and over 70% of students selected 2 or fewer negative adjectives. Students' attitudes toward the personhood of the cadaver were more disparate. Disposition toward anxiety (particularly death anxiety), and exposure to dissection, influenced attitudes. Female gender and recent bereavement exerted a negative influence. Students with higher levels of anxiety experienced more negative feelings and those recently bereaved were less enthusiastic about dissection. Anticipation of dissection may be worse than reality. Sensitive preparation of students prior to entering the dissecting room for the first time may be beneficial.

Decision support for the design of affective products

Affective design quantifies user reactions and defines their relationship to physical parameters of designs. This knowledge can inform the generation of better interfaces between product and user and can increase the product appeal in both mature and new markets. This study presents a decision support framework that assists the development of emotionally appealing products by eliciting user needs early in the development process. It has been developed and validated through industrial case studies. Some aspects of the approach have evolved from Kansei engineering but the fields of linguistics, engineering and psychology have contributed further functionality and user support. The framework can be adopted at any stage early in the product development process to provide guidelines for optimising the emotional product communication. The framework embodies methods for adjective selection, concept definition, user experiments and quantitative user evaluations. Using these, the practitioner can select the range of user-focused evaluations central to the product concepts. The measurement of the consumer perceptions uses a controlled semantic differential survey. The results are analysed using a range of statistical techniques including principal component analysis.

Linguistic support for concept selection decisions

Affective engineering is being increasingly used to describe a systematic approach to the analysis of consumer reactions to candidate designs. It has evolved from Kansei engineering, which has reported improvements in products such as cars, electronics, and food. The method includes a semantic differential experiment rating candidate designs against bipolar adjectives (e.g., attractive–not attractive, traditional–not traditional). The results are statistically analyzed to identify correlations between design features and consumer reactions to inform future product developments. A number of key challenges emerge from this process. Clearly, suitable designs must be available to cover all design possibilities. However, it is also paramount that the best adjectives are used to reflect the judgments that participants might want to make. The current adjective selection process is unsystematic, and could potentially miss key concepts. Poor adjective choices can result in problems such as misinterpretation of an experimental question, clustering of results around a particular response, and participants' confusion from unfamiliar adjectives that can be difficult to consider in the required context (e.g., is this wristwatch “oppressive”?). This paper describes an artificial intelligence supported process that ensures adjectives with appropriate levels of precision and recall are developed and presented to participants (and thus addressing problems above) in an affective engineering study in the context of branded consumer goods. We illustrate our description of the entire concept expansion and reduction process by means of an industrial case study in which participants were asked to evaluate different designs of packaging for a laundry product. The paper concludes by describing the important advantages that can be gained by the new approach in comparison with previous approaches to the selection of consumer focused adjectives.

A Blunt Instrument for Use By Low-Literate Participants in Summative and Formative Evaluations of Adult Education and Development Programs

This article reports the development of an evaluation technique that uses adjective checklists as instruments for use by low-literate and marginally literate adults to provide assessments of their learning experiences in adult education and development programs. Vignettes of activities from three stages of the development process depict the range of groups and learning events used to refine the technique and to establish the reliability and validity of instrument scores. Recommended procedures are outlined for application of the technique, including the selection of adjectives, obtaining responses, summarizing results, and calculating scores and instrument statistics.

熟達と評価的発達

One hundred and forty-seven college students and 50 sixth-grade children, each being classified into three groups according to piano-playing skill, rated goodness of five sets of four performances (original (O), monotonous (M), swapped (S), and artificial (A)). M was constructed by electronically equalizing the intensity of the sounds, S by swapping the intensity among a half of the sounds, and A by assigning the intensity to each sound according to three rules. Immediately after the initial rating, the college students were exposed to the same sets of performances and were asked to rate again and to choose from eight adjectives the one describing best each performance. Analyses of ratings and of adjective selection revealed that even the nonlearners could differentially and appropriately evaluate three performances (O, M, and 5) as to A, the better skilled, the more negative was the subjects' evaluation. Coherence of ratings across the five sets for best performance was greater among the better skilled and the older subjects. Stability of goodness ranking between the two ratings by the college students was higher among the experienced than the nonlearners.

Biased Adjective Selection Criteria as a Factor in Mood Adjective Check Lists?

The adequacy of the selection criteria for adjectives used in mood adjective check lists has remained unquestioned. A review shows that past lists have been assembled according to arbitrary hypotheses about the underlying structure of affect, which may have biased sampling from the domain of possible descriptors of emotion. In addition, a substantial proportion of the words included in past lists are unrepresentative of emotion. 100 subjects judged how representative of emotion was each word contained in the 1965 Nowlis list. All ratings were reliable. Over-all, an average of one-third of the words included in past studies were judged as unrepresentative of emotion. The arbitrary nature of the initial adjective selection criteria, coupled with the finding that many of the words studied are not representative of emotion, suggests that a reevaluation of current taxonomies of mood and emotion is necessary.