Adjective List Research Articles

Development of a Drawing Set for the Achievement Emotions Adjective List (DS-AEAL): Preliminary Data on a Pictorial Instrument for Children

Development of a Drawing Set for the Achievement Emotions Adjective List (DS-AEAL): Preliminary Data on a Pictorial Instrument for Children

Comparative evaluation of grammatical phenomena among the different specialty students

The article considers the results of a survey of technical and humanitarian specialty students in one of the non-linguistic universities in Ukraine with the following goal: to determine how the systems for assessing grammatical phenomena differ/coincide among students whose specialties are different in nature – technical and humanitarian: engineering specialties (electrical engineering and radio-electronic) 60 students; humanitarian specialties (psychology and sociology) 26 students. Such a selection will further indicate the differences in methodological approaches when presenting grammatical material to students of both technical and humanitarian specialties. The chosen grammatical topic is “Degrees of comparison of English adjectives.” The examples, used in the survey, occur in a text corpus of one of the areas of scientific and technical discourse – “Electrical Engineering”. The text corpus was compiled on the basis of articles taken from UK and US scientific journals on this field of technology. The presence of a text corpus made it possible to compile a frequency list of adjectives that were used in the texts not only in accordance with grammatical rules, but also in violation of the rules explained in classical English grammar books. The methods applied in the article were as follows: statistical, quantitative, contextual, expert assessment methods. The performed survey showed which elements in training methodology should be used for students both engineering and humanitarian to understand and accumulate the grammatical information.

Stereotypes of people with intellectual disabilities held by university education students

Stereotypes result from interpersonal and intergroup relations and have specific repercussions on behaviour. This study investigated the stereotypes held by university students in the Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain, towards people with intellectual disabilities and analysed possible attitudinal differences based on previous contact with people with intellectual disabilities or who had family members with intellectual disabilities. Results obtained through participants’ responses to a list of adjectives showed a clear positive stereotype formed by adjectives such as determined, sincere, affectionate, and capable but no significant differences were found between the groups. The study results were analysed in detail and compared with previous studies, from which future lines of research have been suggested, including longitudinal research, larger samples, and addressing additional variables. Examining the attitudes of people with intellectual disabilities towards others with intellectual disabilities is also important.

Development of a “List of Cultural Landscape Adjectives” Using Big Data and Semantic Network Analyses

Development of a “List of Cultural Landscape Adjectives” Using Big Data and Semantic Network Analyses

Bishops in Early Iceland

Bishops in Early Iceland

"Я несчастный, но живой": адъективный предикат при местоимении "я"

The article describes the formation of the construction “I + adjectival predicate” and its existence in the Russian language for three hundred years. A person’s ideas about one’s Self are manifested in the choice of adjectives, the composition of which is updated. The need to characterize oneself is considered in the article in connection with the data of diachronic psychology on the growth of the individual’s social independence and the increase in the value of the “I” in the 18th and 19th centuries. The “top” list of adjectives (unhappy, alive, stupid, good, kind, young, evil, alien, old, poor) was formed by the beginning of the 20th century and has survived to the present day. Observations on the general chronology of the appearance of new components within the framework of the construction allowed establishing that until the mid-1820s the construction “I + adjectival predicate” was rare, and the adjective was usually a definition with a predicate noun, but not an independent predicate. Now the adjective began to characterize a person regardless of one’s type of activity or social role. The total use of the construction has been growing since the 1850s. Adjectives- predicates usually represent a characteristic of a person according to various parameters: moral self-esteem, character traits, intelligence, health status or physical data, features of self-perception. A positive evaluation in the predicate is less common than a negative one. In the first half of the 20th century, personality characteristics related to the socio-political situation are increasingly appearing in the structure of the construction) and testifying to the exit of the perception of the Self into the philosophical sphere. The second half of the 20th century is characterized by the active exploitation of cliched means of autocharacteristics formed in the previous period; the growing popularity of tautologies and repetitions, the spread of the predicate by specifying the manifestations of the declared quality or explaining possible cause-and-effect relationships, detailing negative / positive characteristics; the growth of the use of adjectives denoting characteristics understandable to a narrow circle of people or ambivalent characteristics, as well as qualities condemned by public opinion. Changes in the usual discursive practices caused by political and economic upheavals lead to an increase in the individual’s need for self-identification and self-presentation, which is reflected in the described constructions.

The influence of partner appearance in the assessment of a person with obesity: an experimental study.

This study analyzes whether knowing that a male with obesity has a romantic relationship with a normal weight woman improves impressions about him. An online experiment was conducted with a sample of 3024 adult participants (1828 women and 1196 men) with a mean age of 36.11 (SD = 13.49). Each participant was shown two photographs: one of a male target with obesity and one of his female partner (who had either normal weight or obesity depending on the condition). The respondents' sex was added as a fixed factor into the analyses. Physical attractiveness was rated using an item with a scale ranging from 0 to 100. Competence, warmth, and morality were measured using a 17-item adjective list. The target was assessed as more attractive when he had a partner with normal weight (F(1, 3009) = 4.85, p = .028, [Formula: see text] = .002), and was also given higher scores for competence (F(1, 3009) = 4.93, p = .026, [Formula: see text] = .002), warmth (F(1, 3009) = 4.32, p = .038, [Formula: see text] = .001), and morality (F(1, 3009) = 11.16, p = .001, [Formula: see text] = .004). There was a significant interaction between partner weight and the respondents' sex for physical attractiveness, as the difference between the scores in each condition was only significant for women. It is possible that women perceived that the male target who had a normal weight partner had a higher status or some hidden quality besides his physical appearance, and thus rated him as more attractive. Level I, experimental study.

Dimensions of sexual experiences reflected through adjective selection: findings from a US nationally representative survey.

A growing body of research focuses on the quality of sexual experiences, such as the importance of sexual pleasure, comfort, and intimacy for overall health. Building upon this work, this study aims to develop a deeper understanding of the dimensions of sexual experiences using data from 2897 adult participants from the 2018 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB; 1314 men, 1583 women). We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the extent to which 20 adjectives describing adults' most recent sexual experience (e.g. boring, playful, romantic, etc.) formed a coherent factor or several factors. Next, we explored how different scores on each factor were associated with sexual outcomes for women and men. Our EFA generated two explanatory factors that mapped onto two underlying components: sexual pleasure and sexual danger. These two factors were correlated with sexual health outcomes including sexual wantedness, orgasm, self-rated sexual health, meaningfulness of sex and pain during sex. We found that the innovative list of adjectives used in the 2018 NSSHB provided important and reliable insight into latent dimensions of sex. Specifically, we found that the pleasure dimension was important for both genders, and especially for women, in experiences where the sex was wanted, orgasmic, meaningful, healthy, and without pain. Implications for sexual experiences and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The Words of Affectivity. Affect, Category, and Social Evaluation Norms for 400 Polish Adjectives.

Emotional adjectives can be grouped into two main categories: denoting and connoting stable (personality) traits and denoting and connoting transient (mood) states. They relate closely to the concept of affectivity, which is a pervasive tendency to experience moods of positive or negative valence. They constitute a rich study material for personality and affect psychology and neuroscience. Thus, this study was designed to establish a normed list of emotional adjectives with ratings encompassing four dimensions: emotional valence (positive or negative), emotional arousal (low-arousing or high-arousing), category (state, trait, and hybrid), and social judgment (competence, morality, and mixed). The adjectives were preselected based on previous broad Polish norming studies, personality and mood questionnaires, and a dictionary study. The results of the study were drawn from 195 participants who rated 400 adjectives that were chosen based on similar linguistic variables, such as frequency and word length. The dataset measures were proven to be stable and reliable. Correlations between the emotional valence and state-trait, valence and competence-morality, and emotional arousal and competence-morality dimensions were found. The study was successful in preparing a dataset of well-categorized (state, trait, and hybrid) positive and negative adjectives of moderate to high arousal ratings. Since the words were matched on linguistic variables, the set provided useful material that can be readily used for research into the effects of the category and emotional dimensions on language processing and as a basis for new personality questionnaires and mood checklists. The dataset could also be seen as a supplement for broader sets of published normed materials in Polish that link emotion and language.

A brief measure for school-related achievement emotions: The achievement Emotions Adjective List (AEAL) for secondary students

ABSTRACT The Achievement Emotions Adjective List (AEAL) is a brief self-report multi-item questionnaire deputed to assess ten achievement emotions, namely enjoyment, pride, hope, relief, relaxation, anxiety, anger, shame, hopelessness, and boredom. This study aimed at describing the initial construction and validation of the AEAL focusing on school-related emotions. We involved 2874 Swiss 10th to 13th graders (Mage = 16.87, SD = 1.41, 56% females), who completed the 30-item version of the AEAL, a measure of value, and the School Attitude Assessment Survey-Revised. Findings supported the reliability of the instrument. As for construct validity, a ten-factor model best fit the data; also, partial scalar measurement invariance across grade level and gender was confirmed. As for predictive validity, achievement emotions related significantly to control-value appraisals, achievement goals, attitudes towards teachers/classes, attitudes towards school, and motivation/self-regulation, with some exceptions. Findings provide evidence on the goodness of the AEAL to assess secondary students’ achievement emotions as a brief, simple, and not-invasive instrument. Implications for research are discussed.

Hyperactivation of Posterior Default Mode Network During Self-Referential Processing in Children at Familial High-Risk for Psychosis.

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders show disturbances in self-referential processing and associated neural circuits including the default mode network (DMN). These disturbances may precede the onset of psychosis and may underlie early social and emotional problems. In this study, we examined self-referential processing in a group of children (7–12 years) at familial high risk (FHR) for psychosis (N = 17), compared to an age and sex-matched group of healthy control (HC) children (N = 20). The participants were presented with a list of adjectives and asked to indicate whether or not the adjectives described them (self-reference condition) and whether the adjectives described a good or bad trait (semantic condition). Three participants were excluded due to chance-level performance on the semantic task, leaving N = 15 FHR and N = 19 HC for final analysis. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to measure brain activation during self-referential vs. semantic processing. Internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Evaluating main effects of task (self > semantic) showed activation of medial prefrontal cortex in HC and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in FHR. Group-comparison yielded significant results for the FHR > HC contrast, showing two clusters of hyperactivation in precuneus/ PCC (p = 0.004) and anterior cerebellum / temporo-occipital cortex (p = 0.009). Greater precuneus/PCC activation was found to correlate with greater CBCL internalizing (r = 0.60, p = 0.032) and total (r = 0.69, p = 0.009) problems. In all, this study shows hyperactivity of posterior DMN during self-referential processing in pre-adolescent FHR children. This finding posits DMN-related disturbances in self-processing as a developmental brain abnormality associated with familial risk factors that predates not just psychosis, but also the prodromal stage. Moreover, our results suggest that early disturbances in self-referential processing may be related to internalizing problems in at-risk children.

Cechy zaburzeń osobowości a kompulsywne objadanie się u osób otyłych

Introduction: Many obese people face compulsive eating and mental dysfunction. The aim of the study was to find the relationship between characteristic features, personality disorders and the problem of compulsive eating in an obese person (BMI ≥ 30). Material and methods: 290 people, 241 women (83.1%) and 49 men (16.9%) participated in the study. The participants were assigned to a Research group (BMI ≥ 30) or Control group (BMI 18.5–24.99). People with other eating disorders: anorexia, bulimia and diagnosed pregnancy were excluded from the study. Data were collected by means of an online survey and in a paper-version. The research tools which were used are an original questionnaire based on diagnostic criteria DSM-5, ACL Adjective List, SCID II Personality Questionnaire, STAI Self Assessment Questionnaire. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between some types of personality disorders, intensity of certain personality traits and anxiety as a state of mind and traits and compulsive eating syndrome in obese people. The relationships between age, education and compulsive eating were demontsrated in the research group. Conclusions: The treatment of obesity requires a holistic and multifaceted approach to the patient. The cognition of the mental dysfunctions which accompanies it seems to be crucial in choosing the right therapy.

Effect of Psycho-Regulatory Massage Therapy on Pain and Depression in Women with Chronic and/or Somatoform Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Chronic unspecific back pain (cBP) is often associated with depressive symptoms, negative body perception, and abnormal interoception. Given the general failure of surgery in cBP, treatment guidelines focus on conservative therapies. Neurophysiological evidence indicates that C-tactile fibers associated with the oxytonergic system can be activated by slow superficial stroking of the skin in the back, shoulder, neck, and dorsal limb areas. We hypothesize that, through recruitment of C-tactile fibers, psycho-regulatory massage therapy (PRMT) can reduce pain in patients with cBP. In our study, 66 patients were randomized to PRMT or CMT (classical massage therapy) over a 12-week period and tested by questionnaires regarding pain (HSAL= Hamburger Schmerz Adjektiv Liste; Hamburg Pain adjective list), depression (BDI-II = Beck depression inventory), and disability (ODI = Oswestry Disability Index). In all outcome measures, patients receiving PRMT improved significantly more than did those receiving CMT. The mean values of the HSAL sensory subscale decreased by −51.5% in the PRMT group compared to −6.7% in the CMT group. Depressive symptoms were reduced by −55.69% (PRMT) and −3.1% (CMT), respectively. The results suggest that the superiority of PRMT over CMT may rely on its ability to activate the C-tactile fibers of superficial skin layers, recruiting the oxytonergic system.

Interactive Forms of Working with Parents of Educatees in the Conditions of Modern PSI

The relevance of research is conditioned upon the update of the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of educational activities aimed at finding modernising approaches to the organisation of preschool education and its individual areas. The aim of the work is to analyse individual methods of interactive interaction of parents with preschool educational institutions in the context of determining their content and characteristic features. This goal was achieved using general scientific theoretical research methods, namely system analysis, synthesis and generalisation of data. In the course of the study, a number of Ukrainian and foreign sources on the problem of communication between preschool institutions and parents of its educatees were analysed. It is found out that the functional component of the modern family institution is transformed under the influence of socio-cultural conditions, according to which there is a need to update the methods of communication of subjects of the educational process. Methods of interpretation of the concepts of “interactivity” and “interactive forms of interaction” are defined. The key features of interactive interaction are described, including dialogue communication, the involvement of all participants in the process, the equality of roles of participants in the process, and respect and alternative views. The basic rules of interaction organisation, which provide for motivational support and a rationalised approach to quantitative and qualitative components, are described. The relevant interactive forms of interaction of parents with representatives of preschool education institutions are highlighted, such as educational discussion, case method, “brainstorming”, “reverse brainstorming”, “list of adjectives and definitions”, collective recording and writing on sheets, “heuristic questions”, “mini-experiment”, thematic acts, “pedagogical living room”, pedagogical conference and pedagogical conference – auction, workshop, master class, talk show, training and game modelling, etc. The value of scientific work lies in the theoretical justification of the feasibility of using interactive methods of interaction, and in providing key aspects of their implementation for further practical use

The association between mental demands at the workplace and cognitive functioning: the role of the big five personality traits

Objectives: Mental demands at the workplace can be preventive against cognitive decline. However, personality shapes the way information is processed and we therefore assume that Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, would moderate the beneficial effects of workplace stimulation on cognitive outcomes.Methods: We analyzed data from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study (n = 6529). Cognitive outcomes were assessed via the Trail-Making Test (TMTA, TMTB) and the Verbal Fluency Test. Personality was assessed via the Personality Adjective List (16 AM). Mental demands were classified with the indices Verbal and Executive based on the O*NET database.Results: Multivariate regression analyses showed only two significant moderation effects of personality, i.e. in individuals with low scores on Conscientiousness/Openness, index Verbal was connected to better TMTB performance, while this effect disappeared for individuals with high values on the personality trait. However, the additional explained variance remained marginal.Conclusion: The findings suggest that personality does not modify associations between high mental demands at work and better cognitive functioning in old age; however, there is a tendency that high levels of Openness and Conscientiousness may offset effects of mental demands.

Does the group membership shape evaluations on other drivers? The role of symbolic cues in traffic

The present study investigated the effects of group membership on drivers’ evaluations of themselves and other drivers. An online survey was completed by 144 university students. As measurement, mini Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) with the addition of three aggressive violation items of the original DBQ, the Positive Driver Behavior Scale, and an adjective list were used. Participants assessed their own driving behavior as well as three different driver identities represented by three sets of car photographs. In-group (the university) identity, out-group (politically provocative) identity and no identity (control) were represented to participants by use of different car stickers and accessories. As our hypotheses suggested, the participants made the highest evaluations for their own driving behavior, while making the lowest evaluations for the out-group in both measures. Additionally, participants evaluated their in-group members' driving behaviors more favorable than other identities. Results were discussed in terms of social identity theory.

Ovulatory Shifts in Sexual Desire But Not Mate Preferences: An LH-Test-Confirmed, Longitudinal Study.

The presented data are part of a longitudinal within-subject study designed to examine ovulatory shifts in human sexuality in a diverse German sample using validated questionnaires. The final sample consists of 78 individuals (76 female, 2 agender) who declared to be mainly or exclusively attracted to males. Questionnaires were completed anonymously online at three cycle phases. Following the gold standard, the fertile window was calculated through the reverse cycle day method and confirmed via urinary tests detecting luteinizing hormone. The questionnaire included the Sexual Desire Inventory, Dresdner Body Image Inventory, the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, and an adjective list to measure mate preferences. One hundred eighty-four questionnaires were included in the data analysis using linear mixed models. Findings support previous research reporting heightened sexual desire and an improved body image during the fertile window. No shifts were found for mate preference or sociosexual orientation, thus adding to a growing body of literature contesting parts of the ovulatory shift hypothesis.

Bidirectional Cause-Effect Relationship Between Urinary Interleukin-6 and Mood, Irritation, and Mental Activity in a Breast Cancer Survivor.

This “integrative single-case study” investigated the bidirectional cause and effect relations between various emotional states (i.e., mood, irritation, mental activity) and urinary IL-6 levels in a 49-year-old female breast cancer survivor (woman) under conditions of “life as it is lived.” During a period of 28 days, the patient collected her entire urine in 12-h intervals for IL-6 measurement and completed each morning and evening a list of adjectives regarding mood, irritation, and mental activity (55 measurements in total). Autoregressive integrated moving average modeling revealed a 4-day (circasemiseptan) cycle in the IL-6 time series. Furthermore, cross-correlational analyses after controlling for serial dependencies (significance level: p < 0.05) showed that worsening in mood and increases in irritation were followed by increases in urinary IL-6 levels with temporal delays between 12 and 36 h. In the opposite direction of effect, increases in urinary IL-6 levels were followed by elevations in mood and mental activity as well as decreases in irritation with temporal delays between 48 and 72 h. These results from cross-correlational analyses suggest that IL-6 may have a regulatory function in psychoneuroimmunological interplay and that, under certain conditions, IL-6 may be involved in health rather than sickness behavior. Moreover, the findings of this study are indicators of real-life negative feedback loops and are in line with psychoneuroimmunological research postulating complex brain-to-body-to-brain network-like structures.

Subjective experience of poetry: Latent structure and differences between experts and non-experts

We present a series of studies investigating subjective experience of poetry in expert and non-expert readers. In the preliminary study, literature and psychology students produced adjectives descriptive of poetry. Separate lists of adjectives with 5-point Likert-type scales, one for experts, another for non-experts, were created based on their responses. In a series of three subsequent poem rating studies, we show (1) that a more complex factor structure of subjective experience of poetry is formed based on expert responses, (2) that the obtained factor structure for non-experts becomes more similar, yet not entirely identical to the expert solution when non-experts use the adjective list generated by literature students, and (3) that the factor solution obtained for experts remains stable even when a different group of experts rates an entirely different set of poems. The extracted factor structures and their content, differences between expert and non-expert readers, and suggestions to how the developed scales of subjective experience of poetry can be used in future studies are discussed.

Odnos samoprocjene stanja aktivacije i razine nekih fizioloških varijabli

The aim of this study was to check Thayer’s model of arousal, by the use of the Thayer’s adjective lists for the selfassessment of activation. During a 24-hour investigation apart from the selfassessment, the heart rate and the oral temperature were recorded hourly on 31 subjects, for later comparisons.The results based on variation comparisons of the variables did not fully confirm the validity of the Thayer’s model. The results did not support Thayer’s explanations of the differences in the phases of the body temperature and arousal curves, either.