Overweight Young Women Research Articles

Aspects of arterial hypertension in young adults with obesity

The global prevalence of hypertension and obesity continues to rise, affecting increasingly young people. Obesity causes hypertension through a variety of mechanisms, including sympathetic nervous system activation, renin angiotensin aldosterone system, fluid and electrolyte dysregulation, inflammation, and adipokine imbalance. In turn, arterial hypertension can exacerbate obesity by altering metabolic pathways and increasing appetite. The pathophysiological features of hypertension are different between young overweight women and men. We performed a non-systematic literature review to thoroughly investigate mechanisms of pathogenetic interaction and mutual aggravation of high blood pressure and body mass index. The literature was reviewed from 2004 to the present in Russian and English using the PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar platforms, as well as a search in the archives of the journals Circulation and Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention using the keywords listed below.

Sugary snack restriction enhances body composition improvement in overweight women engaging in non-face-to-face walking during COVID-19.

This study assesses the impact of dietary modification, specifically sugary snack restriction, in conjunction with a brisk walking program on overweight management in young overweight women, with a focus on changes in body composition and glucose metabolism. An 8-week randomized controlled trial was conducted amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing a remote intervention approach to comply with health guidelines and ensure participant safety. The study's remote nature highlights adaptability in health interventions during challenging periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-one overweight Korean women aged 20-39, with an average BMI of 24.6, were selected for the study. They were divided into two groups: one engaging in brisk walking and the other combining this exercise with a sugary snack restriction, demonstrating the study's focus on comparative intervention efficacy. The exercise-only group showed notable reductions in glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR (p < 0.05), and total cholesterol levels (p < 0.01). In contrast, the group that combined exercise with dietary modification displayed more pronounced improvements in body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference (p < 0.05). This differential outcome emphasizes the added benefit of integrating dietary control with physical activity. The findings suggest that adding a dietary component, particularly a sugary snack restriction, to an exercise regimen can significantly enhance the effectiveness of overweight management in young women. This study underscores the importance of holistic lifestyle interventions that combine dietary and physical activity modifications for improved health outcomes.

Phase angle and impedance ratio as meta-inflammation biomarkers after a colon cleansing protocol in a group of overweight young women

Objective. Blood C-reactive protein (CRP) and the electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy (EBIS) variables phase angle (PhA) and impedance ratio (IR) have been proposed as biomarkers of metainflammation in overweight/obesity. CRP involves taking blood samples, while PhA and IR imply a less-than-2-minute-non-invasive procedure. In this study, values for these variables and percent body fat mass (PBFM) were obtained and compared before and immediately after a colon cleansing protocol (CCP), aimed at modulating intestinal microbiota and reducing metainflammation, as dysbiosis and the latter are intrinsically related, as well as along a period of 8 weeks after it. Approach. 20 female volunteers (20.9–24.9 years old) participated: 12 in an overweight group (OG), and 8 in a lean group (LG). The OG was divided in two subgroups (n= 6, each): control (CSG) and experimental (ESG). The ESG underwent a 6-day CCP at week 2, while 5 volunteers in the CSG underwent it at week 9. Main results. Pre/post-CCP mean values for the variables in the OG were: PBFM (34.3/31.3%), CRP (3.7/0.6 mg dl−1), PhA (6.9/7.5°) and IR*10 (0.78/0.77). Calculated R 2 correlation factors among these variables are all above 0.89. The favourable changes first seen in the ESG were still present 8 weeks after the CCP. Significance. (a) the CCP drastically lowers meta-inflammation, (b) EBIS can be used to measure metainflammation, before and after treatment, (c) for microbiota modulation, CCP could be a good alternative to more drastic procedures like faecal microbiota transplantation; (d) reestablishing eubiosis by CCP could be an effective coadjutant in the treatment of overweight young adult women.

Evaluation of Adiponectin and ANGPTL8 in Women With Metabolic Syndrome in the Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia.

"Metabolic syndrome" (MetS) is a set of abnormalities that may be risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. The current study sought to (1) determine MetS prevalence and (2) examine Adiponectin and ANGPTL8 levels in connection to MetS components and CVDs and diabetes risk in females with MetS. A total of 350, 20-35-year-old Saudi females were studied. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipid profiles, and blood pressure (BP) were examined for MetS. ANGPTL8 and Adiponectin were also measured. The patients were classified into two groups, namely MetSand non-MetS, according to the criteria established by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII).We examined biomarker and anthropometric results between these groups. One hundred forty-four of 350 female participants (41.2%) had MetS, with a mean age of 30.5 years. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), ANGPTL8, adiponectin, and insulin resistance (IR) were statistically significant differences observed between the two groups. BP, BMI, WC, and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) all changed significantly (P ≤0.05).Correlation studies linked MetS components to higher ANGPTL-8 and reduced adiponectin. The levels of ANGPTL8 were shown to be influenced by the increase in FBG, TG, BP, IR, and AIP (P < 0.05). Factors such as FBG, BMI, WC, and IR have been found to have an inverse relationship with adiponectin levels. 41.2% out of 350 Saudi females at Taibah University in the Madinah region had MetS, medium CVD risk, and slightly elevated BMI, TG, WC, and BP.To lower their risk of CVD and diabetes later in life, overweight young women should be evaluated for MetS. FBG and TG were substantially associated with ANGPTL8 while reducing adiponectin was associated with elevated TG and BP. Our findings may lead to ANGPTL8 and adiponectin's possible predictive function for CVD in early MetS in females.

Crossover point and maximal fat oxidation training effects on blood lipid metabolism in young overweight women: a pilot study.

Purpose: To determine the effects of weight reduction schemes using the exercise intensities corresponding to maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) and crossover point (COP). The effects of different intervention protocols on blood lipid metabolism were compared to explore how fat can be consumed and used more efficiently and provide a theoretical basis for weight loss through exercise. Methods: This study included 30 young overweight women randomly divided into the COP, FATmax, and control groups. Participants in the COP and FATmax groups exercised for 45min four times a week for 8weeks after the individual treadmill exercise test. The control group did not perform any exercise. Results: After 8weeks of training, participants in the COP group significantly decreased weight (2.6 ± 3.3kg), body mass index (0.91 ± 1.26kg/m2), body fat percentage (1.21% ± 1.50%), and fat mass (1.90 ± 2.30kg) (p < 0.05). They also had significantly decreased hip circumference (4.8 ± 3.3cm), serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels (15.48 ± 14.19mg/dL), and ApoB/apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) ratios (0.47 ± 0.37) (p < 0.01). However, their serum ApoAI levels were significantly increased (14.18 ± 10.24mg/dL; p < 0.01). Participants in the FATmax group had significantly decreased hip circumference (2.4 ± 2.0cm), serum ApoB levels (14.49 ± 11.00mg/dL), and ApoB/ApoAI ratios (0.59 ± 0.30) (p < 0.01) but significantly increased serum ApoAI levels (29.53 ± 13.29mg/dL; p < 0.01). No significant changes in physiological indexes were observed in participants in the control group. Conclusion: Personalised exercise intervention positively affected central obesity, effectively improving blood lipid metabolism and fat oxidation, reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young overweight women. COP training improved weight and body composition better than the FATmax exercise, while the latter provided greater improvements in serum ApoAI levels.

The Effect of high intensity interval training with nigella sativa supplementation on lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and body composition of overweight young women

زمینه و هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر تمرین تناوبی شدید و مکمل‌دهی سیاه‌دانه بر نیمرخ لیپیدی، قند خون و ترکیب بدن زنان جوان دارای اضافه وزن بود.مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر در قالب طرح نیمه‌تجربی به‌صورت دوسوکور روی 48 نفر از زنان جوان دارای اضافه وزن شهر نیشابور با میانگین و انحراف استاندارد سنی 51/3 ± 41/36 سال و شاخص تودة بدنی 79/0 ± 704/28 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع انجام گرفت. آزمودنی‌ها به‌صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه تقسیم شدند. پنج نفر بنا به دلایلی از ادامة همکاری انصراف دادند و در نهایت چهار گروه شامل تمرین و مکمل (10n=)، تمرین و دارونما (9 (n=، مکمل (12 (n= و دارونما (12 (n= بودند. دو گروه تمرین به مدت شش هفته، سه جلسه در هفته و با شدت 85 تا 95 درصد ضربان قلب بیشینه (HRmax) تمرین را انجام دادند. افزون‌بر این، همة گروه‌ها روزانه یک عدد کپسول روغنی حاوی 1000 میلی‌گرم سیاه‌دانه یا دارونما (روغن پارافین) پیش از ناهار مصرف کردند. گروه مکمل و دارونما هیچ‌گونه فعالیت ورزشی منظم نداشتند. اندازه‌گیری‌های آنتروپومتریکی و نمونه‌های خونی در دو نوبت پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون انجام گرفت. نمونه‌های خونی در حالت ناشتا و از ورید بازویی برای ارزیابی سطوح نیمرخ لیپیدی و قند خون جمع‌آوری شد. به‌منظور بررسی طبیعی بودن توزیع داده‌ها از آزمون شاپیروویلک استفاده شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها و گزارش آن‌ها از آزمون تجزیه‌وتحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیری (MANCOVA) و تک‌متغیری (ANCOVA) و آزمون تعقیبی SIDAK در سطح معناداری 05/0 استفاده شد.نتایج: نتایج تفاوت معناداری را بین گروه‌های تمرین و مکمل، تمرین و دارونما در مقایسه با گروه‌های مکمل و دارونما پس از شش هفته در کلسترول کل (332/0P=)، تری‌گلیسیرید (928/0P=)، لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا (86/0P=)، لیپوپروتئین با چگالی پایین (393/0P=) و قند خون ناشتا (054/0P=) نشان نداد. نتایج آزمون تعقیبی SIDAK نشان داد، روی‌هم‌رفته اقدامات صورت‌گرفته در گروه‌های آزمایش به کاهش شاخص تودة بدنی، دور کمر، نسبت دور کمر به لگن و درصد چربی بدن منجر شده است. در خصوص شاخص تودة بدنی و درصد چربی بدن گروه تمرین و دارونما عملکرد مطلوب‌تری داشتند و عملکرد شاخص‌های دور کمر و نسبت دور کمر به لگن نیز در گروه مکمل مطلوب‌تر بود، ولی این تفاوت‌ها از نظر آماری معنادار نبود (05/0≤P) و همة گروه‌های آزمایش صرفاً نمرة مطلوب‌تری در شاخص‌های ترکیب بدنی، دور کمر، نسبت دور کمر به لگن و درصد چربی بدن نسبت به گروه کنترل (دارونما) نشان دادند (05/0>P).نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد HIIT و مکمل سیاه‌دانه، هر کدام می‌تواند در بهبود ترکیب بدن زنان جوان دارای اضافه وزن مؤثر باشد. با این حال، در این پژوهش HIIT و مکمل سیاه‌دانه بر نیمرخ لیپیدی و قند خون تأثیر معناداری نداشت که پیشنهاد می‌شود پژوهش‌های بیشتری در این زمینه صورت گیرد.

Single Bout High Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) Prevents Adiponectin Reduction in Sedentary Overweight Women

This study aimed to analyze the effect of a single bout of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) on serum adiponectin levels in sedentary overweight young adult women. A total of 22 overweight adult obesity women with a BMI of 23-24.9 m2/kg were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, control and HIIE. The exercise was static cycling for a total of 25 minutes (3 minutes warming up, 20 minutes HIIE, and 2 minutes cooling down). The HIIE was held 10 sets intermittently with the ratio 1:1, 1 minute cycling in 80-90% HRmax, 1 minute active resting with 40 rpm cycling. The data in this study were taken before and 1 hour after the HIIE. The adiponectin level was measured using a human ELISA kit. The adiponectin level in the control group reduced significantly (p&lt;0.05), however, the HIIE group reduced insignificantly. A single bout of HIIE in sedentary overweight young adult women can maintain the adiponectin level. Therefore, it may have a positive contribution to women’s health. However, further research needs to be conducted to uncover the underlying mechanism.

Verification of the Theoretical Energy Requirement of Underweight, Normal Weight and Overweight Young Women Using Ergospirometry

The research aim was to verify the theoretic energy requirement of young women and to calculate correlations between body mass index (BMI) and energy requirement, on the one hand, and the parameters obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis on the other. The study was conducted in a group of 32 women grouped based on their BMI: underweight n = 8, normal weight n = 15, and overweight n = 9. Predictive formulas were observed to underestimate the energy requirement compared to values obtained with the use of ergospirometry. The smallest difference in Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) estimates using an ergospirometry apparatus was observed for the Cunningham equation (underweight: 1507 vs 1350 kcal) and the Harris-Benedict equation (normal weight: 1641 vs 1437 kcal; overweight: 1882 vs 1609 kcal). A significant statistical correlation was recorded in the juxtaposition of BMI to weight in the normal weight and in the overweight group. REE estimation based on formulas has only limited predictive value. Indirect calorimetry is recommended for measuring the REE rather than predictive equations.

Profile of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in Indian population – A prospective study

Background. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) also termed pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS). It mainly affects young overweight women of the reproductive age group. There is a scarcity of literature on IIH among the Indian population. Objective. To evaluate the clinical, demographic profile, laboratory parameters and outcomes of Idiopathic Intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients. Materials and method. The current study was a prospective observational study on 43 patients who were diagnosed as primary PTCS presenting to the neurology department of Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute from December 2019 to August 2021. Patients were assessed for BMI, papilledema, CSF manometry, MRI brain with MR venography was done. Co-guide software, V.1.03, was used for statistical analysis. Results. The mean age was 33.12 ± 12.29 years (ranged 14 to 55) in the study population. There were 5(11.63%) males and 38(88.37%) females. The mean BMI was 26.72 ± 3.56 kg/m2 (ranged from 17.40 to 34.20). The mean duration of headache was 28.41 ± 26.23 days (ranged 3 to 120) in the study population, and 39(90.69%) had papilledema. The mean CSF manometry was 29.6 ± 5.88(ranged from 16 to 42) cmH2O. Conclusion. In the Indian subcontinent, obesity may not be considered as a major risk factor in the causation of IIH.

Comparison of Short-Term Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Anthropometric Characteristics of Overweight Young Women

Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive research work in order to find out the (time bound) efficient way to bring about changes in anthropometric measures with weight/fat reduction. Methods: In this study the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) were compared to see the reduction in body fat percentage in young university girls age between 20 to 25 years. Thirty subjects were recruited in HIIT (n=15) and MICT group (n=15) for 8 weeks. Pre and post fat percentage was assessed to see the changes before and after work out of two different exercise regimens. Results: Statistically significant improvement was found in both groups for weight (Mean difference = 3.04, P value = 0.00), However in the same manner other factors also showed significant improvement, BMI (Mean difference = 1.20, P value = 0.00), Waist circumference (Mean difference = 1.67, P value = 0.001), Hip circumference (Mean difference = 1.73, P value = 0.00) and body fat (Mean difference = 2.92, P value = 0.00). Therefore, all anthropometric measures showed differences but HIIT group showed maximum reduction in weight after regime (P value &lt; 0.00) Conclusion: Eight weeks of HIIT and MICT resulted in improvements in anthropometric measures along with changes in dietary habit intake. HIIT appears to be the predominant strategy for controlling weight because of its adherence and time efficiency. Keywords: Overweight Young women, Moderate intensity continuous training , Weight reduction, Abbreviations: High intensity interval training (HIIT), Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), Maximum Heart Rate (MHR), Body Mass index (BMI), Body Fat (BF)

Gestational weight gain and visceral adiposity in adult offspring: Is there a link with the fecal abundance of Acidaminococcus genus?

This cross-sectional analysis included 114 women who had early life and clinical data, body composition, and biological samples collected. The structure of fecal microbiota was analyzed targeting the V4 region of the 16 S rRNA gene. Beta diversity was calculated by PCoA and PERMANOVA used to test the impact of categorical variables into the diversity. Bacterial clusters were identified based on the Jensen-Shannon divergence matrix and Calinski-Harabasz index. Correlations were tested by Spearman coefficient. Median age was 28 (IQR 24-31) years and BMI 24.5 (IQR 21.4-28.0) kg/m2. Fifty-eight participants were assigned to a profile driven by Prevotella and 56 to another driven by Blautia. Visceral adipose tissue was correlated to abundance of Acidaminococcus genus considering the entire sample (r = 0.37; p < 0.001) and the profiles (Blautia: r = 0.35, p = 0.009, and Prevotella: r = 0.38, p = 0.006). In Blautia-driven profile, the same genus was also correlated to maternal gestational weight gain (r = 0.38, p = 0.006). Association of Acidaminococcus with gestational weight gain could reinforce the relevance with mothers' nutritional status for gut colonization at the beginning of life. Whether Acidaminococcus abundance could be a marker for central distribution of adiposity in young women requires further investigation.

Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet With or Without Exercise on Anxiety and Eating Behavior and Associated Changes in Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Young Women.

BackgroundThe effectiveness of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) on weight loss and exercise for improving cardiometabolic fitness have been well documented in the literature, but the effects of LCDs and whether adding exercise to a LCD regime could additionally benefit mental health (e. g., by lowering the level of anxiety) and associated changes in eating behavior are less clear in overweight and obese populations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a 4-week LCD with or without exercise on anxiety and eating behavior, and to explore the associations between changes in the psychological state and physiological parameters (i.e., body composition, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, lipid profile, and metabolic hormones).MethodsSeventy-four overweight Chinese women [age: 20.8 ± 3.0 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.3 ± 3.3 kg·m−2] completed the 4-week randomized controlled trial, which included a LCD group (i.e., ~50 g daily carbohydrate intake) with exercise training 5 days/week (LC-EXE, n = 26), a LCD group without exercise training (LC-CON, n = 25) and a control group that did not modify their habitual diets and physical activity (CON, n = 23). Levels of anxiety, eating behavior scores and physiological parameters (i.e., body weight, V̇O2peak, blood pressure, fasting glucose, blood lipids, and serum metabolic hormones including insulin, C-peptide, leptin, and ghrelin) were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsThere were significant reductions in anxiety levels in the LC-EXE compared with the LC-CON group, while no statistical changes were found in eating behaviors in any conditions after the 4-week intervention. Significant reduction in weight (~3.0 kg or 4%, p < 0.01) and decreases in insulin (~30% p < 0.01), C-peptide (~20% p < 0.01), and leptin (~40%, p < 0.01) were found in both LC-CON and LC-EXE groups, but adding exercise to a LCD regime generated no additional effects. There were significant improvements in V̇O2peak (~15% p < 0.01) and anxiety (~25% p < 0.01) in the LC-EXE compared with the LC-CON group, while no statistical differences were found between CON and LC-CON treatments. Further analysis revealed a negative association (r = −0.32, p < 0.01) between changes in levels of anxiety and changes in V̇O2peak in all participates, no other correlations were found between changes in psychological and physiological parameters.ConclusionAlthough the combination of a LCD and exercise may not induce additional reductions in body weight in overweight young females, exercise could be a useful add-on treatment along with a LCD to improve cardiometabolic health and lower anxiety levels.

227-LB: Elevated Plasma Lactate and the Risk for Metabolic Syndrome—Is Skeletal Muscle a Producer or Consumer?

Background: The incidence of metabolic diseases is rising and there is a dire need for early detection to implement prevention. Fasting plasma lactate concentrations have been shown to be elevated in individuals with obesity and predictive of type 2 diabetes. An elevated fasting lactate concentration could possibly be the product of a reduction in muscle oxidative capacity and increased muscle lactate output. However, it is unknown how early this is evident, as are the mechanisms involved. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if fasting lactate concentrations were linked with a reduction in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in a cohort without metabolic disease. Methods: Young (age 28 ± 7; N=21) overweight (BMI (27.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2) men (n=12) and women (n=9) were recruited for this study. Blood biomarkers were measured in the fasted state and body composition was determined by DXA. Muscle oxidative capacity was measured in skeletal muscle homogenates (vastus lateralis biopsy) using 14C-labeled labeled palmitate and pyruvate. Muscle lactate output was determined by microdialysis during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedure. Results: Elevated lactate was associated with elevated visceral adiposity (R2=.40, p=.003) , elevated triglycerides (R2=.56, p=.0001) , as well as elevations in systolic blood pressure (R2=.39, p=.003) . Subjects with higher lactate had lower ratio of fatty acid oxidation to pyruvate oxidation (ratio R2=.49, p=.002) . Muscle lactate uptake in the basal state of the clamp positively associated with plasma lactate (R2=.92, p=&amp;lt;.0001) ; however, in the insulin phase net lactate output was near zero. Conclusion: Individuals who are overweight but otherwise healthy have elevated plasma lactate that associates with parameters of the metabolic syndrome. Lactate was associated with a shift from lipid to carbohydrate oxidation. Muscle is a consumer of lactate in the fasted state, whereas adipose tissue may be the source of production postprandially. Disclosure N. T. Broskey: None. E. J. Demaria: None. W. J. Pories: None. J. A. Houmard: None. L. Dohm: None. T. E. Jones: None. C. J. Tanner: None. D. Zheng: None. F. Jevtovic: None. P. Krassovskaia: None. L. E. Matarese: None. R. N. Cortright: None. R. Hickner: None. Funding NIH (R01DK120296)

High-intensity interval training elicits more enjoyment and positive affective valence than moderate-intensity training over a 12-week intervention in overweight young women

Background/ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the differences in enjoyment and affect in response to four weight control intervention protocols over 12 weeks. MethodsSixty overweight young females were randomised into four intervention groups: repeated sprint training (RST, 6-sec all-out sprint interspersed with 9-sec rest), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with short interval (HIIT120, 1-min effort at 120% V̇O2peak) and long interval (HIIT90, 4-min effort at 90% V̇O2peak), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, 60% V̇O2peak) by cycling over 12 weeks. The total workload in each training session in HIIT120, HIIT90, and MICT was confined to 200 kJ, while it was lower in RST with 57 ± 4 kJ. Enjoyment (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, PACES) and affective valence (Feeling Scale, FS) were measured throughout the intervention. ResultsThe score of the PACES on average over 12 weeks showed a significant between-group effect that was lower in MICT (80.8 ± 11.8) compared with HIIT120 (92.5 ± 11.4) and HIIT90 (96.8 ± 13.9) (p < 0.05). In the 8th week, enjoyment was scored higher in two HIITs compared with MICT. In the 12th week, HIITs and RST were more enjoyable than MICT, where two HIITs were better than RST. The score of FS showed a significant between-group effect that was higher in HIIT90 (1.5 ± 1.4) compared with HIIT120 (0.2 ± 1.2) (p < 0.05), but a non-significant time or group-by-time interaction effect. A significant weight loss occurred in three interval training protocols (p < 0.05), but not in MICT. The V̇O2peak significantly increased in four groups without between-group difference. ConclusionInterval training, especially the long-interval type, is an enjoyable and pleasant long-term exercise intervention for overweight young women. RST could be an alternative for weight control considering its time efficiency with comparable enjoyment and overall pleasure.

Investigation of serum neprilysin levels in overweight and normal weight young women

Background: In this study we aimed to evaluate biochemical, lipid and glycemic parameters and to compare serum neprilysin levels between overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) young women who are more prone to gain weight.&#x0D; Material and Methods: A total of 28 overweight/obese women aged between 22-34 years and 34 age matched normal-weight women were included in this cross-sectional study on voluntary basis. of the subjects were performed, Participants’ anthropometric measurements, hormone profiles, glycemic parameters and insulin resistance, and serum neprilysin levels were recorded and analyzed. Patients were evaluated in two groups as Group OW and Group NW.&#x0D; Results: The mean ALT, TSH and uric acid values were statistically significantly higher in Group OW compared to Group NW (for all, p

Comparative Study on the Effect of Two Different Sequential Combination Training Methods on Fat Reduction

In this paper, overweight or obese young women with sports experience and body fat rate &gt; 30% were divided into groups to compare the effect of "HIIT" and "aerobic" exercise in different sequence combination training methods, and analyze whether "HIIT + Aerobic" is more effective than "aerobic + HIIT". The aim is to provide more effective training programs and establish scientific fitness awareness for overweight or obese young women who have sports experience.

Interval training causes the same exercise enjoyment as moderate-intensity training to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in young Chinese women with elevated BMI

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of 12 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak), body composition and physical activity enjoyment in overweight young women. Sixty-six participants (age 21.2 ± 1.4 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.0 ± 3.0 kg·m−2, body fat percentage 39.0 ± 2.8%) were randomly assigned to non-exercise control (CON), thrice-weekly SIT (80 × 6 s “all-out” cycling interspersed with 9 s rest), and HIIT (4 min cycling at 90% VO2peak followed with 3 min recovery for ~ 60 min) or MICT (~ 65 min continuous cycling at 60% VO2peak) with equivalent mechanical work (200/300 KJ). Compared to the CON group, all three training groups had significant and similar improvements in VO2peak (~ +20%, d = 2.5–3.4), fat mass (~ −10%, d = 1.3–2.1) and body fat percentage (~ −5%, d = 1.0–1.1) after a 12-week intervention. Similar high levels of enjoyment were observed among groups for most (~70%) of the training sessions. The findings suggest that the three training regimes are equally enjoyable and could result in similar improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in overweight/obese young women, but SIT is a more time-efficient strategy.

The Effectiveness of Supportive Psychotherapy in Weight Loss in a Group of Young Overweight and Obese Women.

Overweight and obesity are among the most widespread health problems worldwide. The primary cause of obesity is an inability to control overeating. Therefore, today, obesity needs to be treated more as an eating disorder, i.e., a mental disorder, and thus, it should be approached as such. Taking the above together, this study aimed to assess the impact of supportive psychotherapy on reducing body weight in young overweight and obese women who attempted slimming therapy and, additionally, the possibility of maintaining the weight-loss effect in the long term. Sixty young women aged 20–30 were randomized into three groups that differed in therapeutic management. With the help of an individually selected diet plan, the highest effectiveness in weight loss was demonstrated in people whose weight reduction was supported by goal-oriented psychotherapy. In this group, a sustained effect of slimming and even further weight loss were observed six months following the discontinuation of the therapy. In conclusion, traditional slimming therapies using an individual diet plan and a dietitian’s care are effective; however, supportive psychotherapeutic work provides more beneficial results and maintains the change from a long-term perspective.

Фактическое питание и компонентный состав тела у девушек с различными уровнями лептина и грелина

Body mass and its composition depend on the energy equilibrium due to the consumption of energy-intensive macronutrients and energy expenditure under strict neuroendocrine control. Leptin and ghrelin are the most important regulators of the energy balance; they modulate the redistribution of substrate flows in metabolic pathways. The aim of the research was the assessment of nutrient intake in conjunction with the analysis of body composition and primarily hormonal regulators of energy balance in young women with various body mass index (BMI) values. Material and methods. 88 girls aged 18-22 were examined. Based on the definition of BMI, three groups were formed: group 1 - young women with BMI <18.5 kg/m2, underweight (UW); group 2 - BMI of 18.5 to <24.9 kg/m2, normal weight (NW); and group 3 - BMI of >24.9 kg/m2, overweight (OW). Body composition was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Nutrition was assessed using the 24-hour food recall. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure leptin and ghrelin concentrations. Results. The study of nutrition in young women with various energy balances revealed intergroup differences in macronutrient and calorie intake. Underweight students demonstrated insufficient consumption of energy (1267±114 kcal/day) from all macronutrients. Overweight and obese young women ate a lot and consumed higher than daily average amounts of proteins (95.7±8.5 g) and fats (129.5±12.2 g). Young women with normal body weight consumed excess energy from fats - 33.7±1.1% (the same as in overweight subjects - 39.3±2.4%), but the relative carbohydrate and protein intake was below recommended level. An excess of energy consumed with food reflected in the degree of adipose tissue development and the energy balance of the examined persons. Leptin concentration increased at higher BMI values and depended on adipose tissue level, amounting to 5.0 [4.2; 5.7], 14.2 [9.7; 14.7] and 20.3 [14.8; 21.3] pg/ml (p<0.009). Ghrelin level was 13.0-14.2% higher in overweight subjects (2.09 [2.00; 2.27] ng/ml) vs. other groups (p<0.003). Conclusion. Students with various BMI values demonstrated various dependences between macronutrient consumption and body composition. The results show that fat intake play a more important role in adipose tissue formation in young women than diet carbohydrates. Overweight and obese subjects have additional regulation factors associated with a stressed regulatory system.

Response to “Magnetic resonance or computed tomography venography in the evaluation of young overweight women with papilledema”

Response to “Magnetic resonance or computed tomography venography in the evaluation of young overweight women with papilledema”