The effects of surgical ablation of adipose tissue were studied in male New Zealand rabbits. They were lipectomized or sham-operated either at 6 or 12 months, ages at which size and number of adipocytes are, respectively, stabilized in this species. The lipectomized animals were subjected to removal of about 80% of the perirenal and omental and to the totality of the dorsoscapular and inguinal fat tissues. Approximately 35 and 48% of the total body fat were, thus, surgically removed, respectively, in 6- and 12-month-old rabbits. All rabbits were killed 3 months after surgery and were carefully dissected. There was no significant difference in food consumption and body weight gain between lipectomized and sham-operated rabbits. Surgical removal of dorsoscapular, inguinal, and omental fat did not lead to regeneration whereas regeneration of the perirenal fat was substantial. At sacrifice the perirenal weight reached approximately 55% of the initial weight. Regeneration of perirenal adipose tissue in adults proceeded at roughly the same rate as after lipectomy in younger rabbits. These results suggest that adipose tissue regeneration in the rabbit is site dependent.