Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Research Articles

Improved recovery of human islets from young donor pancreases utilizing increased protease dose to collagenase for digesting peri-islet extracellular matrix.

Human islet isolation from young donor pancreases (YDP) utilizing the current purified standard dose of collagenase-protease enzyme mixtures often results in the release of a high percentage of mantled islets. Mantled islets are those surrounded by exocrine tissue and are difficult to purify by density gradient centrifugation, leading to poor islet recovery. Based on difference in extracellular matrix, and total collagen content between YDP and old donor pancreas (ODP, > 35 Y) led us to compare results from islet isolation using increased collagenase combination (ICC) or increased protease combination (IPC), to the standard enzyme combination (SEC) in a "trisected" pancreas model to overcome the donor-to-donor variability. These results showed a reduced percentage of mantled islets (17%±7.5%) and higher postpurification islet recovery (83.8%±5.6%) with IPC. Furthermore, these results were confirmed in 13 consecutive whole pancreas islet isolations utilizing IPC from VitaCyte, Roche, or SERVA collagenase-protease enzyme mixtures. Results obtained from in vitro and in vivo islet functional assessment indicated that islets isolated using IPC retained normal islet morphology, insulin secretion, and the ability to reverse diabetes after transplantation in diabetic nude mice. This is the first report utilizing trisected pancreas to assess the effectiveness of different enzyme combinations to improve islet recovery from young donor pancreases.

Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction aids epithelialisation and angiogenesis in an animal model.

Limited data exist regarding the correlation between adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effect of intradermally injected SVF on full-thickness cutaneous wounds in a murine model. Wistar rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C) according to their day of euthanasia (day 7, 16 and 21). Inguinal fat pad was excised and SVF enzymatically extracted. Full-thickness cutaneous wounds were created on each side of the dorsum; SVF injected intradermally at one side while the contralateral wound served as control receiving normal saline. Postoperatively, evaluation of wound healing was performed by planimetry (percentages of wound contraction, epithelialisation and total wound healing) on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 21, and histology and immunochemistry (cellular infiltration score, collagen production score, neoangiogenesis and epithelial thickness) on days 7, 16 and 21. Despite the high rate of wound contraction, it was significantly lower in the SVF-treated wounds on day 21 (p=0.037). On days 13, 16 and 21, the percentages of epithelialisation were higher in the SVF-treated wounds compared with control wounds (p=0.026, p=0.048 and p=0.05, respectively). Histologically, the number of new vessels was significantly higher in the SVF-treated wounds compared with controls on days seven (p=0.028) and 16 (p=0.027). This was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. No significant differences were found between treated and control wounds regarding cellular infiltration score, collagen production score and epithelial thickness. Data indicate that intradermally injected SVF increases angiogenesis and enhances epithelialisation in full-thickness cutaneous wounds in rats.

Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel Grafting: A New Method for Tissue Volumization and Rejuvenation.

The clinical outcomes of fat grafting vary and are technique-dependent. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) gel is a novel, mechanically processed fat product with high concentrations of adipose tissue-derived stem cells and other SVF cells. This study evaluated the volumization and rejuvenation effects of SVF-gel. This study evaluated the volumization and rejuvenation effects of SVF-gel. This retrospective, single-center study included 126 patients who underwent SVF-gel grafting and 78 who underwent conventional lipoinjection for various indications from March 2015 to February 2017. Patient satisfaction and secondary surgery rates were evaluated. Samples of transferred SVF-gel were harvested and examined histologically. All patients showed improvements in facial augmentation and contour. Patients in the SVF-gel group experienced mild postoperative swelling and a low secondary surgery rate (10.9%). Assessment of patient-rated satisfaction on a 5-point Likert scale found that 77.3% of patients in the SVF-gel group were satisfied (54.5%) or very satisfied (22.8%) with their outcomes. By comparison, 53.8% of patients who underwent conventional lipoinjection were satisfied (48.7%) or very satisfied (5.1%). Moreover, SVF-gel showed effective antiwrinkle and skin rejuvenation effects. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a normal adipose tissue structure in transferred SVF-gel. Stromal vascular fraction gel is effective for both volumization and rejuvenation, and may be superior to conventional lipoinjection for facial recontouring.

Ankylosing spondylitis, chronic fatigue and depression improved after stromal vascular fraction treatment for osteoarthritis: a case report

BackgroundOsteoarthritis is a prevalent chronic disease that impacts quality of life and imposes a heavy economic burden. Despite this there is no confirmed treatment that could prevent progressive destruction of osteoarthritic joints. Mesenchymal stem cells with their regenerative and immunosuppressive properties have emerged as a potential therapy.Case presentationThis case study describes the impact of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction treatment on a 27-year-old Australian woman with osteoarthritis and multiple comorbidities of ankylosing spondylitis, chronic pain syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Following standardized stromal vascular fraction treatment protocols for osteoarthritis of her hips and knee, the functional status of her hips was measured by Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at 3 months, 6 months, and 3 years.ConclusionsOur patient showed dramatic improvements to her quality of life and symptoms of osteoarthritis were reduced. Interestingly, along with improvements in her knee and hips her other comorbidities such as ankylosing spondylitis, depression, anxiety, and fatigue exhibited marked improvement. She ceased the use of a wheelchair and walking support and, with increased mobility, had gained independence. These findings are suggestive of the therapeutic effects of stromal vascular fraction.

Adipose-derived cells improve left ventricular diastolic function and increase microvascular perfusion in advanced age.

An early manifestation of coronary artery disease in advanced age is the development of microvascular dysfunction leading to deficits in diastolic function. Our lab has previously shown that epicardial treatment with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) preserves microvascular function following coronary ischemia in a young rodent model. Follow-up studies showed intravenous (i.v.) delivery of SVF allows the cells to migrate to the walls of small vessels and reset vasomotor tone. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that the i.v. cell injection of SVF would reverse the coronary microvascular dysfunction associated with aging in a rodent model. Fischer 344 rats were divided into 4 groups: young control (YC), old control (OC), old + rat aortic endothelial cells (O+EC) and old + GFP+ SVF cells (O+SVF). After four weeks, cardiac function and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were measured via echocardiography, and hearts were explanted either for histology or isolation of coronary arterioles for vessel reactivity studies. In a subgroup of animals, microspheres were injected during resting and dobutamine-stimulated conditions to measure coronary blood flow. GFP+ SVF cells engrafted and persisted in the myocardium and coronary vasculature four weeks following i.v. injection. Echocardiography showed age-related diastolic dysfunction without accompanying systolic dysfunction; diastolic function was improved in old rats after SVF treatment. Ultrasound and microsphere data both showed increased stimulated coronary blood flow in O+SVF rats compared to OC and O+EC, while isolated vessel reactivity was mostly unchanged. I.v.-injected SVF cells were capable of incorporating into the vasculature of the aging heart and are shown in this study to improve CFR and diastolic function in a model of advanced age. Importantly, SVF injection did not lead to arrhythmias or increased mortality in aged rats. SVF cells provide an autologous cell therapy option for treatment of microvascular and cardiac dysfunction in aged populations.

Effects of local transplantation of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction on the hyperplastic scar formation in rabbit ears and the mechanism

Objective: To explore the effects of local transplantation of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on the hyperplastic scar (HS) formation in rabbit ears and the mechanism. Methods: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were used to reproduce HSs by making four full-thickness skin defect wounds with a diameter of 1 cm on the ventral surface of left ear of each rabbit. Wound epithelization and local-tissue proliferation were observed, and wound healing (complete epithelization) time and formation time of HS were recorded. The 24 rabbits were divided into SVF group, pure DMEM group, and pure HS group according to the random number table, with 8 rabbits and 32 wounds in each group. On post injury day (PID) 25 (after the complete epithelization of wounds), 0.2 mL of low glucose DMEM medium containing CM-Dil labeled autologous SVF was injected into HSs of rabbits in SVF group, while the same amount of low glucose DMEM medium was injected into HSs of rabbits in pure DMEM group. The frequency of injection was once every 5 days, totally for 3 times. HSs of rabbits in pure HS group did not receive any treatment. On PID 40, HSs of rabbits' ears in each group were harvested, then the histological form was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, the arrangement of collagen in HS was observed by Van Gieson staining, the distribution of CM-Dil-labeled SVF in the HS was observed with fluorescence microscope, and the mRNA expression and the protein expression of transforming growth factor β(1) (TGF-β(1)), Smad3, and Smad7 in HS were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results: (1) Complete epithelization time of wounds of rabbits' ears was (20.0±2.0) d post injury, and HSs were formed on PID 25. On PID 40, HSs of rabbits' ears in pure DMEM group and pure HS group were still in hyperplasia, while those in SVF group became smaller, flat, soft, and light colored. (2) On PID 40, compared with those in pure DMEM group and pure HS group, the number of epithelium foot like structures was more and the amount of inflammatory cells was less. The collagen of HSs of rabbits' ears in SVF group was arranged more regularly with broader gap between collagens. (3) On PID 40, CM-Dil-labeled SVF could still be observed in the HSs of rabbits' ears in SVF group. (4) On PID 40, compared with those in pure DMEM group and pure HS group, the mRNA expressions of TGF-β(1) and Smad3 in the HSs of rabbits' ears in SVF group were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), while the mRNA expression of Smad7 was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the mRNA expressions of TGF-β(1), Smad3, and Smad7 in the HSs of rabbits' ears between pure DMEM group and pure HS group (P>0.05). (5) On PID 40, compared with those in pure DMEM group (0.74±0.03, 0.73±0.10, 0.54±0.09) and pure HS group (0.72±0.08, 0.71±0.12, 0.53±0.06), the protein expressions of TGF-β(1) and Smad3 in the HSs of rabbits' ears in SVF group (0.57±0.06, 0.42±0.09) were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Smad7 (0.71±0.05) was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). The protein expressions of TGF-β(1), Smad3, and Smad7 in the HSs of rabbits' ears in pure DMEM group and pure HS group were close (P>0.05). Conclusions: Autologous SVF transplantation can inhibit the formation of HS in the early stage of scar formation of rabbit, the mechanism may be related to the TGF-β(1)/Smad signaling pathway.

The Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction as a Complex Cellular Source for Tissue Engineering Applications.

A major challenge in tissue engineering is the generation of sufficient volumes of viable tissue for organ transplant. The development of a stable, mature vasculature is required to sustain the metabolic and functional activities of engineered tissues. Adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are an easily accessible, heterogeneous cell system comprised of endothelial cells, macrophages, pericytes, and various stem cell populations. Collectively, SVF has been shown to spontaneously form vessel-like networks in vitro and robust, patent, and functional vasculatures in vivo. Capitalizing on this ability, we and others have demonstrated adipose SVF's utility in generating and augmenting engineered liver, cardiac, and vascular tissues, to name a few. This review highlights the scientific origins of SVF, the use of SVF as a clinically relevant vascular source, various SVF constituents and their roles, and practical considerations associated with isolating SVF for various tissue engineering applications.

The effect of adipose tissue and stromal vascular fraction derived cytokines on monocyte adhesiveness to the endothelium

Aim: Adipose tissue (AT) secretes a number of cytokines which may affect the stimulation of monocyte adhesion and infiltration to the vascular wall to initiate and accelerate atherosclerosis development.

Autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and scarred vocal folds: first clinical case report

Patients with scarred vocal folds (congenitally or following phonosurgery) are currently difficult to treat and present a dysphonia, often disabling in daily life. Several therapies are available on the market but the results of these are often disappointing. The autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) is recognized as an easily accessible source of cells with angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. We present here the case of a 43-year-old woman who had a severe dysphonia associated with scarred vocal folds after a phonosurgery and was resistant to conventional medical and surgical treatments. She received a local administration of autologous ADSVF. The protocol involved, on the same day, adipose tissue extraction, ADSVF preparation, and then local injection (0.45ml of ADSVF in each vocal fold, for a total of 12.2 million ADSVF viable cells). No serious adverse events have been described. One year following the surgery, the laryngoscopic aspect and the majority of voice parameters had improved, in particular the Voice Handicap Index decreasing from 75 to 9. The perceptual analysis found the voice to be less hoarse and more stable, without breathiness. The case of this patient highlights the therapeutic potential of ADSVF for such applications (trial registration, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02622464; registered 4 December 2015).

Cartilage Regeneration in Humans with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells: Updated Status.

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in the form of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and cultured expansion have been applied in clinical settings in some countries to treat osteoarthritis (OA) of knees, one of the most common debilitating, incurable disorders. Since the first report of successful cartilage-like tissue regeneration with autologous adipose SVF containing ASCs, there has been a gradual increase in the number of publications confirming such results. Thus far, most of the reports have been limited to treatments of OA of knees. Recently, successful applications of adipose SVF in treating OA of ankles and hips have been reported. In addition, several groups have reported modified methods of applying adipose SVF, such as combining bone marrow stimulation with adipose SVF or adding additional extracellular matrix (ECM) in treating OA. Here, we present an updated, systematic review of clinical effectiveness and safety in treating OA of knees, ankles, and one hip since 2016 using ASCs in the form of adipose SVF or in cultured expansion, along with a description and suggestion of potential biological mechanisms of cartilage regeneration.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells is associated with CD34 Positivity in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure

Background Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, a rich source of primary stem/stromal cells, are promising for administering cell therapy for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). We evaluated the therapeutic effects of CD34+/CD34− SVF cells in hepatocyte cotransplantation in a rat model of ACLF. Method ACLF was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by temporary bile duct ligation (chronic) and D-galactosamine administration (acute). Donor hepatocytes and SVF cells were isolated from Tg(UBC–emGFP) rats and human adipose tissues, respectively. Sorted CD34+ and CD34− SVF cells were separated using a magnetic bead system. Rat hepatocytes and SVF cells (labeled with the PKH26 fluorescent dye) were intraportally transplanted into ACLF rats. The surviving animals were sacrificed at 1 and 2 weeks after the transplantation. Results ACLF was evidenced by the onset of acute coagulopathy and hepatocyte necrosis in fibrotic livers. Compared with the control group, the unsorted group showed less biliary ductular proliferation and fibrosis at 1 week after the transplantation. Furthermore, prominent biliary ductular proliferation and significantly progression of fibrosis (P = .005) were observed in the CD34− group than in the CD34+ group. At 2 weeks, the serum level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the CD34− group than in the CD34+ group (P = .007). The transplanted SVF cells were found in the periportal regions at 1 week, whereas donor hepatocytes were not detected and proliferation of endogenous hepatocytes was observed at times. Conclusion Compared with CD34− SVF cells, cotransplantation of CD34+ SVF cells resulted in the early amelioration of liver fibrosis and biliary ductular proliferation. Heterogeneous therapeutic effects of SVF cells were associated with CD34 positivity, which poses translational significance in future cell therapy.

Anti-apoptotic effects of adipose-derived adherent stromal cells in mesenchymal stem cells exposed to oxidative stress.

We investigated the expression levels of proteins associated with oxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis in MSCs co-cultured with isolated ADASs from 6 donors' SVFs under oxidative stress conditions. Our results imply that isolated ADASs from SVFs may inhibit oxidative stress-induced cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in MSCs via a p53-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we identified an anti-apoptotic mechanism involving oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by adipose-derived ADASs in MSCs for the first time. Our findings suggest that the positive effects of SVF implantation into damaged heart tissue may be attributed to the various actions of MSCs.

Abstract 10.55 PLATELET-RICH PLASMA VS. FETAL BOVINE SERUM IN ENGINEERING OF AXIALLY-VASCULARIZED OSTEOGENIC GRAFTS FROM HUMAN ADIPOSE-DERIVED CELLS TO TREAT AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF BONE

INTRODUCTION: Avascular necrosis of bone (AVN) leads to sclerosis and collapse of bone and joints. Engineered, axially vascularized, human adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell based osteogenic constructs have been shown to revitalize necrotic bone of clinically-relevant size in a challenging rat model of AVN. To reduce regulatory difficulties towards clinical translation, fetal bovine serum (FBS) was substituted by thrombin-activated platelet-rich plasma (tPRP). METHODS: SVF cells from 5 lipoaspirate were isolated and cultured onto porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds within a perfusion-based bioreactor system for 5 days. The medium was supplemented either with 10% FBS or 10% tPRP. The resulting constructs were inserted into devitalized bone cylinders mimicking AVN-affected bone. A ligated vascular bundle was inserted upon subcutaneous implantation of constructs in nude rats. After 1 and 8 weeks, vascularization and bone formation were analyzed. RESULTS: After 1 week, neither maximal distance of vessels from the bundle nor vascular density was significantly different. However, FBS cultured grafts revealed significantly more human vessel (hCD34) and osteoclasts compared to tPRP cultured grafts. Overall macrophages and M2 macrophages were not different between FBS and tPRP cultured grafts. After 8 weeks in vivo, 3/5 samples from FBS culture and 1/5 sample from tPRP culture showed bone formation. Roughly 40% of the osteocytes were of human origin (36% from FBS and 42% from tPRP culture). DISCUSSION: Despite promising results in literature, replacement of FBS by tPRP resulted in a reduced capacity of bone formation in our series. Further studies are necessary to analyze and improve the low bone formation capacity, possibly caused by the heterogeneity of the SVF donors and tPRP samples.

Protection of human adipose stromal vascular fraction derived culture supernatant against acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Objective To observe the effect of human adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) derived culture supernatant protecting kidney from acute ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods SVF was isolated and was used for the preparation of SVF derived culture supernatant named SVF conditioned medium (SVF-CM). Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury model of renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) was established for cell proliferation and apoptosis assay. Thirty-two SD rats were divided into four groups randomly: SVF-CM group, SVF group, control group, and sham group. Twenty-four hours after surgery, blood sample was collected for the detection of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Kidney tissues were retrieved for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical staining. Results Both SVF-CM and SVF could significantly enhance the proliferative capability as well as attenuate the apoptosis of HK-2, while no significant difference could be found between the two groups for cell proliferation (P=0.781) and apoptosis (P=0.921, 0.280). At 24 h after surgery, serum levels of SCr and BUN in both SVF-CM and SVF groups were significantly lower than that in control group (P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.993, 0.985). Tubular damage score in both SVF-CM (1.9±0.8) and SVF (1.7±0.9) groups were significantly lower than that in control group (3.3±0.7) (P=0.000). Meanwhile, the numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in both SVF-CM [(60.86±18.39) cells] and SVF [(62.51±20.03) cells] groups were significantly higher than that in control group [(33.61±6.91) cells] (P=0.000). Additionally, the numbers of terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells in both SVF-CM [(24.73±6.82) cells] and SVF [(22.11±5.68) cells] groups were significantly lower that in control group [(45.12±7.85) cells] (P=0.000). However, no significant difference on tubular damage score, number of proliferative cells and apoptotic cells could be found between SVF-CM and SVF groups (P=0.114, 0.875, 0.197). Conclusion Administration of SVF derived culture supernatant or SVF was equally effective in promoting the structural and functional recovery of damaged kidney. Key words: Adipose stromal vascular fraction; Culture supernatant; Acute kidney injury; Ischemia/reperfusion injury

78 - Adipose stromal vascular fraction and adipose stem cells markedly decrease inflammation and alter immune cell frequencies in a murine model of multiple sclerosis

78 - Adipose stromal vascular fraction and adipose stem cells markedly decrease inflammation and alter immune cell frequencies in a murine model of multiple sclerosis

253 - Comparison of human adipose stromal vascular fraction and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the attenuation of acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Stem cells therapy has been suggested as a promising option for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study was performed to compare the abilities of xenogenic transplantation of human adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) to facilitate the recovery of renal function and structure in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) induced AKI. SVF or AdMSCs were transplanted to the injured kidney through intra-parenchymal injection. Significantly improved renal function and reduced tubular injury were observed in SVF and AdMSCs groups. Administration of SVF or AdMSCs contributed to significantly improved cell proliferation and markedly reduced cell apoptosis in parallel with reduced microvascular rarefaction in injured kidney. IR injury resulted in higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, whereas xenogenic transplantation of SVF or AdMSCs reduced but not induced inflammatory cytokines expression. Additionally, in vitro study showed that administration of SVF or AdMSCs could also significantly promote the proliferation and survival of renal tubular epithelial cells underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through secreting various growth factors. However, cell proliferation was significantly promoted in SVF group than in AdMSCs group. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that administration of SVF or AdMSCs was equally effective in attenuating acute renal IR injury.

106 - Isolation of adipose stromal vascular fraction and adipose derived stem cells from defferent donor age, sites and sex using 5 year data

106 - Isolation of adipose stromal vascular fraction and adipose derived stem cells from defferent donor age, sites and sex using 5 year data

Accelerated Healing of a Diabetic Foot Ulcer Using Autologous Stromal Vascular Fraction Suspended in Platelet-Rich Plasma

We describe the case of a Type I diabetic patient with a refractory foot ulcer that remained unhealed for 2 years despite conventional therapy. Autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction suspended in autologous platelet-rich plasma was applied to the wound, which completely healed within 1 month. The wound remained closed with no complications for a 2-year follow-up. Reporting of this and similar cases may lead to larger clinical trials that will prove the efficacy of this therapy that may offer accelerated healing and lessen the financial burden of more expensive therapeutic modalities.

Adipose stromal vascular fraction attenuates TH1 cell-mediated pathology in a model of multiple sclerosis

BackgroundThe therapeutic efficacy of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has been investigated for numerous clinical indications, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Less is known using the crude adipose product called stromal vascular fraction (SVF) as therapy, although our previous studies demonstrated greater efficacy at late-stage disease compared to ASCs in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse, a model of multiple sclerosis. In this study, SVF cells and ASCs were administered during the pathogenic progression, designated as early disease, to elucidate immunomodulatory mechanisms when high immune cell activities associated with autoimmune signaling occur. These implications are essential for clinical translation when considering timing of administration for cell therapies.MethodsWe investigated the effects of SVF cells and ASCs by analyzing the spleens, peripheral blood, and central nervous system tissues throughout the course of EAE disease following administration of SVF cells, ASCs, or vehicle. In vitro, immunomodulatory potentials of SVF cells and ASCs were measured when exposed to EAE-derived splenocytes.ResultsInterestingly, treatment with SVF cells and ASCs transiently enhanced the severity of disease directly after administration, substantiating this critical immunomodulatory signaling. More importantly, it was only the EAE mice treated with SVF cells that were able to overcome the advancing pathogenesis and showed improvements by the end of the study. The frequency of lesions in spinal cords following SVF treatment correlated with diminished activities of the T helper type 1 cells, known effector cells of this disease. Co-cultures with splenocytes isolated from EAE mice revealed transcripts of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, known promoters of regulatory T cells, that were greatly expressed in SVF cells compared to ASCs, and expression levels of signaling mediators related to effector T cells were insignificant in both SVF cells and ASCs.ConclusionThis is the first evidence, to date, to elucidate a mechanism of action of SVF treatment in an inflammatory, autoimmune disease. Our data supports key immunomodulatory signaling between cell therapies and T cells in this T cell-mediated disease. Together, treatment with SVF mediated immunomodulatory effects that diminished effector cell activities, promoted regulatory T cells, and reduced neuroinflammation.

Clinical application of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in 3 Thoroughbred horses with superficial digital flexor tendonitis: Case Report

Tendon injuries are considered major causes of wastage in active Thoroughbred racehorses as they are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries in equine athletes. There has been considerable interest in the potential use of concentrated adipose tissue digest, such as stromal vascular fraction, in tendon overstrain injuries. It has been reported that the adipose-derived stem cells, which are present in stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, can promote neovascularization and improve healing process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of intralesional use of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction on tendon healing in three Thoroughbred active racehorses with moderate to severe superficial digital flexor tendonitis. Based on the results of this report it seems that intratendinous injection of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction leads to marked clinical improvement and reduction of rehabilitation period in racehorses suffering from superficial digital flexor tendonitis.