Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Research Articles

The Use of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) in Skin Scar Treatment-A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies.

In recent years, lipofilling became a popular scar treatment method. Its beneficial outcomes have been partly attributed to the regenerative capacity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), suspended in an extracellular matrix—the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). The aim of this review was to verify if existing data support the clinical use of ADSC-related interventions in scar treatment. A systematic search of the literature was performed in July 2020 in five databases (Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase). Articles written in English, except for reviews, letters and editorials, were identified and screened for eligibility. We looked for reports of any outcomes in scars treated with ADSCs or SVF. Data from selected articles were extracted and the quality of each study was assessed. Five hundred and fourteen studies were identified in the primary search, of which nineteen were eventually included in the systematic review. Extracted data pointed to beneficial microscopic, functional and aesthetic outcomes in a total of 665 patients. Six studies included comparative interventions—platelet-rich plasma or CO2 fractional laser. Collected data give low-to-average quality evidence for beneficial effects of ADSC-related interventions in scar treatment. Some studies suggest that these interventions are noninferior to PRP or fractional CO2 laser.

In vitro evaluation of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction combined with osteochondral integrated scaffold

In vitro evaluation of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction combined with osteochondral integrated scaffold

The Effect of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells to Abdominal Wall Fascia Defects in Rats: An Experimental Study

Objective Various synthetic and biological meshes have been developed to reduce recurrence and complications in ventral incisional hernia repairs. Adipose tissue is a rich reserve for mesenchymal stromal cells. In the present study we aimed to examine the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) on abdominal incisional hernia repairs in rats. Materials and Methods The study involved 32 male Wistar-Albino rats, weighing 200–250 g, which were divided into three groups. In Group 1 (control group) only an incisional hernia model was created. In Group 2, the incisional hernia model was created and 1 ml stromal vascular fraction (SVF), obtained from inguinal lipectomy material and containing mesenchymal stromal cells, was injected into the edges of the defect in the same session. In Group 3, only the incisional hernia model was created in the first stage and after 14 days, 1 ml of SVF was injected into the edges of the defect. Skin incisions of rats in Group 1 and 2 were opened on postoperative day 28 while in group 3 were opened on day 42. Peritoneal formation in abdominal wall defect was evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically. Results Peritoneal formation was significantly superior in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (p: 0.031). In histopathological evaluation, the structural distortion and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) levels were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 3 (p: 0.048 and p: 0.046, respectively). Granulation, capillary density, fibrosis and collagen organization were higher in Group 2 and 3, however this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells obtained from inguinal lipectomy material in rats positively affect the repair of abdominal incisional hernias by increasing peritoneal formation, and reducing structural distortion and PMNL infiltration.

Chondrogenic Characteristics of Auricular Chondrocytes Cocultured With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells are Superior to Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue.

Reconstruction of craniofacial cartilage defects is among the most challenging operations in facial plastic surgery. The co-culture system of partial replacement of chondrocytes by stem cells has been confirmed effective in the repair of cartilaginous defects. The aim of this study is to compare chondrogenic properties of expanded adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF), including ADSCs/SVF monoculture and coculture with rabbit auricular chondrocytes (ACs). Analysis of morphology, histology, real-time polymerase chain reaction and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) quantification were performed to characterize the chondrogenesis of pellets. The triple differentiation potential of ADSCs had been confirmed. Further, using flow cytometry, the authors demonstrated that ADSCs and SVF have different characteristics in cell surface markers, and ADSCs are more enriched in cells from the mesenchymal lineage than SVF. GAG production of ADSCs is significantly higher than that of SVF in pellet monoculture, and pellet coculture of ADSCs and ACs are better in depositing cartilage matrix than the mixture of SVF and ACs. Our study suggests that ADSCs may be more suitable seed cells for craniofacial cartilage defect or deformity repair.

Administration of Donor-Derived Nonexpanded Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Donation After Cardiac Death Rat Renal Transplantation

Donation after cardiac death (DCD) has become a potential source for transplantation organs. However, ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) induced by cardiac arrest has limited the use of DCD organs. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) without the culturing step has been proposed as a safer and easier source for stem cell therapy, which has emerged as an attractive technology that could facilitate the recovery of renal function and structure from acute kidney injury induced by IRI after DCD renal transplantation. In this study, freshly isolated donor-derived SVF was identified and then delivered intra-arterially into the grafts in DCD rat renal transplantation. Administration of freshly isolated donor-derived SVF could significantly alleviate the IRI of renal grafts and enhance graft reparation by promoting graft cell proliferation and microvascularization in DCD renal transplantation. Moreover, results revealed that the oxidative stress in grafts was significantly alleviated with SVF treatment, and this might be attributed to the overexpression of antioxidative molecules including nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2, superoxide dismutase-1, and heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the administration of freshly isolated donor-derived nonexpanded adipose SVF could attenuate IRI and protect the grafts after DCD rat renal transplantation.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНЫХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК ЖИРОВОЙ ТКАНИ И ПАРАКРИННЫХ ФАКТОРОВ КОНДИЦИОННОЙ СРЕДЫ НА ЗАЖИВЛЕНИЕ ЛУЧЕВЫХ ЯЗВ ПРИ ТЕРАПИИ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ РАДИАЦИОННЫХ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ КОЖИ У КРЫС

Purpose: Studying of the effects transplantation of cultured mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue (MMSC) and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), as well as the introduction of paracrine factors (PF) of conditioned medium in an isolated or combined application for severe local radiation skin lesions in the experiment.
 Material and methods: Rats of the inbred Wistar–Kyoto strain were irradiated to local X-rays exposure in the iliolumbar region of the back at a dose of 110 Gy. The transplantation of cultured MMSC was performed twice at doses of 2.1 × 106 and 2.6 × 106 on the 28th and 35th days after irradiation. Adipose-derived SVF was administered at the same time in doses of 3.2 × 106 and 2.8 × 106, respectively. PF were administered five times from the 1st to the 10th day after irradiation. The severity of radiation damage to the skin and the effects of therapy were evaluated in dynamics by clinical manifestations, using planimetry and histological methods.
 Results: Radiation exposure with these parameters caused severe radiation injuries of the skin with non-healing ulcers formed by the 21–25th day after irradiation. The area of radiation ulcers in rats of the control group in the period from the 26th to the 83rd day slowly decreased from 2.76 ± 0.12 cm2 to 1.85 ± 0.13 cm2. In 50 % of the animals in the control group, ulcers persisted for more than 4 months after irradiation. In rats of the experimental groups, more intensive healing and a decrease in the area of radiation ulcers was noted. With isolated administration of cultured MMSC or SVF, a statistically significant decrease in the area of ulcers compared with the control was observed on the 104–125th day, and with the introduction of PF on the 83rd day after irradiation, p <0.05. In the control group, by the118th day after irradiation, radiation ulcers healed only in 25 % of rats, and in the experimental groups with isolated administration of cultured MMSC, SVF and PF in 40–55 % of the rats showed complete epithelialization of wounds with the formation of an atrophic scar. Under the conditions of combined use of stem cells and conditioned medium factors, the number of animals with complete healing of radiation ulcers was 85–100 % by 118th days, p <0.05.
 Conclusion: Thus, transplantation of cultured MMSC of adipose tissue and adipose-derived SVF, as well as the introduction of PF of conditioned medium, can enhance the regeneration processes and stimulate skin regeneration, promoting earlier healing of chronic radiation ulcers in severe local radiation injuries. Moreover, with the combined introduction of PF and adipose-derived stem cell transplantation, the effectiveness of the healing of radiation ulcers was increases.

Effects of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction on osteochondral defects treated by hyaluronic acid-based scaffold: An experimental study.

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effect of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on osteochondral defects treated by hyaluronic acid (HA)-based scaffold in a rabbit model.Materials and methods Eighteen white New Zealand rabbits were randomly grouped into the experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9). In all groups, osteochondral defects were induced on the weight-bearing surfaces of the right femoral medial condyles, and a HA-based scaffold was applied to the defect area with microfractures (MFs). In this study, 1 mL of adipose-derived SVF was injected into the knee joints of the rabbits in the experimental group. For histological and macroscopic evaluation, four rabbits were randomly selected from each group at Week 4, and the remaining rabbits were sacrificed at the end of Week 8. Macroscopic assessments of all samples were performed based on the Brittberg scoring system, and microscopic evaluations were performed based on the O’Driscoll scores.Results Samples were taken at Weeks 4 and 8. At Week 4, the O’Driscoll scores were significantly higher in the control group than the experimental group (p=0.038), while there was no significant difference in the Brittberg scores between the two groups (p=0.108). At Week 8, the O’Driscoll score and Brittberg scores were statistically higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p=0.008 and p=0.007, respectively). According to the microscopic evaluation, at the end of Week 8, the cartilage thickness was greater in the experimental group, and nearly all of the defect area was filled with hyaline cartilage.Conclusion Application of adipose-derived SVF with MF-HA-based scaffold was better than MF-HA-based scaffold treatment in improving osteochondral regeneration. Therefore, it can be used in combination with microfracture and scaffold to accelerate cartilage regeneration, particularly in the treatment of secondary osteoarthritis.

A systematic review of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of acute cutaneous wounds.

Stromal vascular fraction (SVF), derived enzymatically or mechanically from adipose tissue, contains a heterogenous population of cells and stroma, including multipotent stem cells. The regenerative capacity of SVF may potentially be adapted for a broad range of clinical applications, including the healing of acute cutaneous wounds. To evaluate the available literature on the efficacy and safety of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of acute cutaneous wounds in humans. A systematic review of the literature utilizing MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify published clinical trials of autologous adipose-derived SVF or similar ADSC-containing derivatives for patients with acute cutaneous wounds. This was supplemented by searches for ongoing clinical trials through ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. 872 records were initially retrieved. Application of inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 10 relevant studies: two completed non-randomized controlled trials and eight ongoing clinical trials. Both completed studies reported a statistically significant benefit in percentage re-epithelialization and time to healing for the SVF treatment arms. Safety information for SVF was not provided. Ongoing clinical trials were assessing outcomes such as safety, patient and observer reported scar appearance, wound healing rate, and wound epithelization. In the context of substantial limitations in the quantity and quality of available evidence, the existing literature suggests that SVF may be a useful treatment for acute cutaneous wounds in humans. More clinical trials with improved outcome measures and safety assessment are needed.

The safety and efficacy of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction for nonscarring alopecia: A systematic review.

Nonscarring alopecia, including androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata, are common and can negatively impact quality of life. Recent clinical studies have investigated autologous, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) as a potentially beneficial treatment option. To assess the available evidence on the utility and safety of SVF for nonscarring alopecia. A systematic review of the literature was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and CENTRAL from inception to November 2020. Included articles were prospective, observational or interventional studies of SVF for nonscarring alopecia in humans. Six studies of 188 patients were identified, including three randomized controlled trials. There were no reported severe adverse events. All studies found improved hair density with SVF compared to control or pre-treatment baseline. One study reported that improvement in hair density varied based on time for follow-up, severity of hair loss, and concentration of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) within the SVF. Two studies reported an increase in hair diameter from baseline, and two studies reported an improvement in hair pull test outcomes. SVF may be safe and effective for nonscarring alopecia in the appropriate patients. Hair loss severity, method of SVF preparation and frequency of treatment, and adjunctive therapies may be important considerations for treatment success. Additional studies evaluating appropriate patient selection and treatment methods are needed.

Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Restores Coronary Microvascular Flow‐Mediated Dilation in Aging Female Rats via Enhanced Peroxynitrite Signaling

Introduction Coronary Microvascular Disease (CMD) presents in a majority of aging post-menopausal women and is defined by hyperconstricted tone. CMD can lead to chronic ischemia exacerbated by reduced perfusion with aging. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) primarily regulates vascular patency via endothelial shear stress, but the signaling mechanism of FMD alters throughout the lifespan from vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO) in youth to the less efficacious hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in advancing age. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), including H2O2, suppress NO, cause cellular damage and are pro-atherogenic. Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) is a heterogenous cell population that has antioxidant and regenerative properties. We hypothesize that coronary microvascular FMD is reduced with age, but aged rats treated with SVF (OSVF) will exhibit restored FMD via increased NO and decreased ROS at baseline and with flow. Methods Isolated coronary microvessels from young (4 months), old (24 months), or OSVF (tail vein injection 4 weeks prior to sacrifice at 24 months) from female Fischer 344 rats were assessed via pressure myography. FMD was assessed at flow rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 μL/min at physiologic pressure (45 mmHg) and temperature (37°C). Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of NO, H2O2, superoxide (O2-), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were assessed via intraluminally-infused fluorescence dyes (2,3-diaminonapthalene, mitopy1, mitosox, biotracker 515, and SEMKUR-IM, respectively) at baseline and during flow at 10 and 25 μL/min. Results Percent relaxation to intraluminal flow (FMD) is reduced with aging and restored to youthful levels by SVF (Figure 1a). At baseline, H2O2 and ONOO- MFI are significantly increased with aging compared to young and OSVF (p = < .001, .01 vs. young, < .001, .024 vs. OSVF). O2- MFI is reduced at baseline in OSVF compared to aging alone (p = .004). NO and GSH MFI are significantly reduced at baseline with aging (p = .01, < .001) and increased slightly (non-significant) with OSVF. Intraluminal flow preferentially increases MFI of NO in youth, H2O2 in aging, and ONOO- in OSVF. These data correspond functionally as FMD was significantly attenuated in youth via L-NAME inhibition of NO production, inhibited in OSVF via uric acid scavenging of ONOO-, but was unaffected by reducing H2O2 signaling via catalase in aging controls (Figure 1b-d). Conclusions FMD is abrogated with aging, contributing to CMD hyperconstriction associated with increased ROS and loss of NO and GSH. FMD can be restored with therapeutic SVF associated with increased ONOO- signaling in response to intraluminal flow. Although ONOO- is considered a ROS, it could be considered a NO reservoir inducing FMD as a NO donor since O2- and NO combine to form ONOO-. Alternatively, ONOO- can elicit FMD as an Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor. Future directions will differentiate between these alternative mechanisms. SVF represents a plausible future clinical direction to alleviate vascular oxidative stress and restore microvascular patency and perfusion.

A Novel Hypothesis and Characterization to Isolate Microvascular Endothelial Cells Simultaneously with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from the Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction.

Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis are essential processes for successful tissue regeneration in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is not only a source of adipose stem cells (ASC) but also a suitable source of microvascular endothelial cells because it is a rich capillary network. So, we propose a new hypothesis for isolating adipose-derived human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-A) from the SVF and developed a dual isolation system that isolates two cell types from one tissue. To isolate HMVEC-A, we analyzed the supernatant discarded when ASC is isolated from the adipose-derived SVF. Based on this analysis, we assumed that the SVF adherent to the bottom of the culture plate was divided into two fractions: the stromal fraction as the ASC-rich fraction, and the vascular fraction (VF) as the endothelial cells-rich fraction floating in the culture supernatant. VF isolation was optimized and the efficiency was compared, and the endothelial cells characteristics of HMVEC-A were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis, immunocytochemistry (ICC), a DiI-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL) uptake, and in vitro tube formation assay. Consistent with the hypothesis, we found a large population of HMVEC-A in the VF and isolated these HMVEC-A by our isolation method. Additionally, this method had higher yields and shorter doubling times than other endothelial cells isolation methods and showed typical morphological and phenotypic characteristics of endothelial cells. Cells obtained by the method according to our hypothesis can be applied as a useful source for studies such as tissue-to-tissue networks, angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, patient-specific cell therapy, and organoid chips.

614 A systematic review of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of acute cutaneous wounds

614 A systematic review of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of acute cutaneous wounds

576 A systematic review of autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of noncicatricial alopecia

SIGNIFICANCE: Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from adipose tissue includes stem cells, growth factors, and other cellular components. Its regenerative potential and ease of procurement make SVF a potentially useful treatment for alopecia. AIM: To evaluate evidence on the efficacy and safety of autologous adipose-derived SVF for treatment of noncicatricial alopecia. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted utilizing MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to November 2020 for interventional and observational studies of SVF or similar adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-containing derivatives for patients with noncicatricial alopecia. Ongoing clinical trials were identified through ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. FINDINGS: Of 4131 records, and 14 met inclusion criteria: 8 completed studies, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 5 case series or case reports, and 6 ongoing clinical trials. Collectively, 196 patients were treated in the 8 completed studies, and there were no reports of serious adverse events (AEs). Pain, headache, bruising and edema were the most frequently reported AEs. 7 studies reported increased hair density for patients treated with SVF, with mean change from baseline of 2.78 to 32.4 hairs/cm2. In 6 studies, this increase in hair density was statistically significant, though in some studies it was dependent on severity of alopecia and time post-treatment, suggesting that individual patient characteristics and treatment frequency may be important considerations. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing outcomes such as safety, hair density, and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: While the quantity and quality of evidence is limited, SVF may be an effective and safe treatment for alopecia. More clinical trials evaluating safety as well as optimal patient characteristics for treatment are needed.

134 The Effect of Adipose Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction on Stasis Zone in an Experimental Burn Model on Streptozocin – Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract Introduction Stasis zone is the encircling area of the coagulation zone which is a critical area determining the depth and width of the necrosis in burn patients. In our study we aim to salvage the stasis zone by injecting adipose derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF). Methods Intraperitoneal Streptozotocin was administered for the induction of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of DM was confirmed by the measurement of blood glucose levels in the blood samples with blood glucometer weekly 48 hours after injection. Rats with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl were accepted as diabetic. The diabetic animals were followed for 4 weeks before the intervention. Thermal injury was applied on dorsum of diabetic Sprague – Dawley rats (n=20) according to the previously described ‘‘comb burn’’ model. After the burn injury (30 minutes) on Sprague - Dawley rats; rat dorsum was separated into 2 equal parts consisting of 4 burn zones (3 stasis zone) on each pair. ADSVF cells harvested from inguinal fat pads of diabetic Sprague - Dawley rats (n=5) were injected on the right side while same amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) injected on the left side of the same animal. One week later, average vital tissue on the statis zone was determined by macroscopy, angiography and microscopy. Vascular density, inflammatory cell density and gradient of fibrosis were determined via immunohistochemical assay. Results Macroscopic stasis zone tissue survivability percentage (32 ± 3.28 %, 57 ± 4.28 %), average number of vessels (10.28 ± 1.28, 19.43 ± 1.72), capillary count (15.67 ± 1.97, 25.35 ± 2.15) and vascular density (1.55 ± 0.38, 2.14 ± 0.45) were higher on ADSVF side. Fibrosis gradient (1.87 ± 0.51, 1.50 ± 0.43) and inflammatory cell density (1.33 ± 0.40, 1.20 ± 0.32) were higher on the PBS side. Conclusions Macroscopic and microscopic findings determined that ADSVF has a statistically significant benefit for salvaging stasis zone on acute burn injuries in DM.

An Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Centered Therapies in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, disrupted subchondral bone remodeling, and synovitis, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients with chronic pain and functional disabilities. Current treatments for TMJOA are mainly symptomatic therapies without reliable long-term efficacy, due to the limited self-renewal capability of the condyle and the poorly elucidated pathogenesis of TMJOA. Recently, there has been increased interest in cellular therapies for osteoarthritis and TMJ regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), self-renewing and multipotent progenitor cells, play a promising role in TMJOA treatment. Derived from a variety of tissues, MSCs exert therapeutic effects through diverse mechanisms, including chondrogenic differentiation; fibrocartilage regeneration; and trophic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we provide an overview of the therapeutic roles of various tissue-specific MSCs in osteoarthritic TMJ or TMJ regenerative tissue engineering, with an additional focus on joint-resident stem cells and other cellular therapies, such as exosomes and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Additionally, we summarized the updated pathogenesis of TMJOA to provide a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of cellular therapies. Although limitations exist, MSC-centered therapies still provide novel, innovative approaches for TMJOA treatment.

Use of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fractions in Revision Rhinoplasty for Severe Contractures in Asian Patients.

Autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction treatments have been shown to elicit antiinflammatory, antifibrotic, immunomodulatory, angiogenic, and regenerative effects. Injections of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction have been used to treat severely scarred tissues. Revision septorhinoplasty was performed in 40 patients with severely contracted noses. Clinical outcomes and adverse events were compared between one group of patients treated with adjuvant adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction injections and a control group of patients treated with adjuvant 0.9% preservative-free saline injections. In the adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction group, nasal lengths were estimated at 4.2 ± 0.2 cm at baseline to 5.1 ± 0.2 cm at 18 months after revision septorhinoplasty. The lengths of nasal tip projection improved from 2.2 ± 0.2 cm at baseline to 2.9 ± 0.1 cm 18 months after surgery. In addition, nasofrontal angles improved from 125.6 ± 5.1 degrees at baseline to 128.1 ± 4.8 degrees 18 months after surgery. Nasolabial angles in the adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction group were estimated at 105.8 ± 6.5 degrees at baseline and 94.9 ± 5.6 degrees 18 months after surgery. Of these, nasal length, nasal tip projection, and nasolabial angle, but not nasofrontal angle, values improved more in the adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction group than in the control group. Preoperative and postoperative adjuvant adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction treatment markedly improved the therapeutic outcomes of revision rhinoseptoplasty of severely contracted noses without major side effects. Therapeutic, III.

Tissue Harvesting Site Effect on the Canine Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Quantity and Quality.

Simple SummaryAdipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are freshly isolated non-cultured mesenchymal stem cells, which have been recently applied in the treatment of several musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions in dogs. However, the best adipose tissue (AT) sampling site is still challenging. This study first addressed the ideal AT harvesting site in canines ranging between middle and old age, the most susceptible age to chronic musculoskeletal problems. Our results showed that the peri-ovarian region is the best AT harvesting site, which yields high amounts of SVF cells with enough adipose-derived stem cells. These data may help the further set-up of cell-based regenerative therapies at the preclinical and experimental level in canines.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) constitute a great promise for regenerative therapy, but these cells are difficultly recovered in large amounts. A potent alternative is the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), non-cultured MSCs, separated from adipose tissue (AT). We aim to evaluate AT harvesting site effect on the SVF cells’ quantity and quality in dogs. Subcutaneous abdominal fat, falciform ligament and peri-ovarian fat were sampled. After SVF isolation, the trypan blue exclusion test and a hemocytometer were used to assess the cell viability and cellular yield. SVF cells were labeled for four surface antigenic markers, clusters of differentiation CD90, CD44, CD29, and CD45, and then examined by flow cytometry. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression of the former markers in addition to OCT-4 and CD34. SVF cells in the peri-ovarian AT recorded the highest viability% (99.63 ± 0.2%), as well as a significantly higher cellular yield (36.87 ± 19.6 × 106 viable cells/gm fat, p < 0.001) and a higher expression of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells AD-MSCs surface markers than that of other sites. SVF cells from the peri-ovarian site revealed a higher expression of MSC markers (CD90, CD44, and CD29) and OCT-4 compared to the other sites, with weak CD45 and CD34 expressions. The positive OCT-4 expression demonstrated the pluripotency of SVF cells isolated from different sites. To conclude, the harvesting site is a strong determinant of SVF cells’ quantity and quality, and the peri-ovarian site could be the best AT sampling site in dogs.

Cryopreserved human adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction maintains fracture healing potential via angiogenesis and osteogenesis in an immunodeficient rat model

BackgroundNovel therapeutic strategies for the healing of nonunion, which has serious effects on the quality of life of patients, are needed. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of local transplantation of human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells on fracture healing in a rat non-healing fracture model and compared the effects between freshly isolated (F) and cryopreserved (C)-SVFs.MethodsNon-healing fracture model was induced in the femur of female immunodeficient rats (F344/N Jcl rnu/rnu) with cauterizing periosteum. Immediately after the creation of non-healing fracture, rats received local transplantation of F and C-SVFs suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or the same volume of PBS without cells using the same scaffold as a control group. During 8 weeks post-surgery, radiologic, histological, immunohistochemical, and biomechanical analyses were performed to evaluate fracture healing. The comparison of radiological results was performed with a chi-square test, and the multiple comparisons of immunohistochemical, histological, and biomechanical results among groups were made using a one-way analysis of variance. A probability value of 0.05 was considered to denote statistical significance.ResultsAt week 8, in 60% of animals receiving F-SVF cells and in 50% of animals receiving C-SVF cells, the fracture radiologically healed with bone union whereas nonunion was observed in the control group. The healing potential was also confirmed by histological and biomechanical assessments. One of the mechanisms underlying healing involving intrinsic angiogenesis/osteogenesis was enhanced in F- and C-SVF groups compared with that in the control group. Human cell-derived vasculogenesis/osteogenesis, which was also confirmed in an in vitro differentiation assay, was also enhanced in the F- and C-SVF groups compared with that in the control groups and could be another mechanism for healing.ConclusionsSVF cells can enhance bone healing and cryopreserved cells have almost equal potential as fresh cells. SVF cells can be used for improving nonunion bone fracture healing as an alternative to other mesenchymal stem cells and the effect of SVF cells can be maintained under cryopreservation.

Standardization and characterization of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction from New Zealand white rabbits for bone tissue engineering.

Background and Aim:Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) contains a heterogeneous cell population comprising multipotent adipose-derived stem cells. Regenerative therapy using adipose-derived SVF has broad applications in bone tissue engineering due to the superior osteogenic potential of SVF. This study was designed to standardize and characterize adipose-derived SVF obtained from New Zealand white rabbits for bone tissue engineering and other potential applications.Materials and Methods:Ten skeletally mature and clinically healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. The SVF was prepared using surgically resected interscapular adipose tissue following enzymatic digestion with 0.1% collagenase type I solution. The SVF pellet obtained after the final centrifugation step was suspended in a 0.5 mL control solution to obtain ready-to-use adipose-derived SVF. The freshly prepared SVF was characterized based on the total SVF cell count and cell yield per gram of adipose tissue. The SVF cells were enumerated using a hemocytometer.Results:Interscapular adipose tissue depots are ideal for preparing autologous adipose-derived SVF due to the ease of access. The interscapular adipose-derived SVF prepared by enzymatic digestion had an average cell yield of 3.15±0.09×106 cells/g adipose tissue. Freshly prepared SVF had a total cell count of 3.15±0.09×104 cells/μL.Conclusion:The enzymatic digestion of adipose tissue using 0.1% collagenase resulted in better cell yield per gram than methods previously reported in rabbits. The use of adipose-derived SVF can preclude the requirement for an additional culture period. In addition, it may also reduce the risk of extensive cell contamination, which makes it a safe and cost-effective strategy for bone tissue engineering applications.

Prospects on the Potential In Vitro Regenerative Features of Mechanically Treated-Adipose Tissue for Osteoarthritis Care

Gathering a better grasp on the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is demanding among clinicians for osteoarthritis (OA) care because of its promising but multifaceted clinical outcomes. The aim of this preclinical in vitro study was to test whether the mechanical approach with Hy-Tissue SVF system, a class IIa CE marked device of adipose tissue micro-fragmentation, influences the biological features and functions of SVF. We compared mechanical generated-SVF (mSVF) with the enzymatic generated-SVF (eSVF) by testing cell survival, phenotype, differentiation, and paracrine properties using ELISA assays. Both adipose SVF showed 80% viable cells and enrichment for CD-44 marker. The mSVF product preserved the functions of cell populations within the adipose tissue; however, it displayed lowered nucleated cell recovery and CFU-F than eSVF. As for multipotency, mSVF and eSVF showed similar differentiation commitment for osteochondral lineages. Both adipose SVF exhibited an increased release of VEGF, HGF, IGF-1 and PDGF-bb, involved in pathways mediating osteochondral repair and cell migration. Both mSVF and eSVF also displayed high release for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. After in vitro culture, supernatants from both mSVF and eSVF groups showed a low release of cytokines except for IL-10, thereby giving evidence of functional changes after culture expansion. In this study, mSVF showed active cell populations in the adipose tissue comparable to eSVF with excellent survival, differentiation and paracrine properties under a new mechanical adipose tissue micro-fragmentation system; thereby suggesting its potential use as a minimally invasive technique for OA treatment.Graphical abstract