Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms Research Articles

Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms as Potential Biomarker for Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kumaon Region Population

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide health problem caused by resistance to insulin action. Polymorphism of adiponectin gene was found to be implicated in the pathogenesis of T2DM in numerous populations. Adiponectin is secreted by fat cells and is linked with insulin resistance. Methodology: The study included fifty patients with T2DM and fifty healthy individuals served as a control group to assess the association of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ). The genotyping studies were performed by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Results: Mean levels of various anthropometric and biochemical parameters were significantly higher in T2DM than healthy controls. The levels of circulatory adiponectin were found significantly lower in T2DM as compared to healthy controls and Serum leptin levels were moderately higher in the diabetic than those in the nondiabetic. There was no significant association of CC and CG genotypes with T2DM patients. C and G allele frequencies of the rs266729 were also not significantly associated with T2DM cases as compared to healthy controls. It was observed that significant impact on circulatory adiponectin levels for rs266729 polymorphism with GG genotype having very low circulatory adiponectin level. There was no significant association of CC, CG genotype and C, G allele frequencies of rs266729 in with T2DM cases as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The rs266729 > G SNP of adiponectin gene is a risk factor for the development of T2DM in Kumaon population. Keywords: Adiponectin, Diabetes, Disease, Health, Human

Correlation of Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms with Idiopathic Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Adiponectin is a cellular protein secreted by adipocytes, which is closely related to a variety of diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF). Idiopathic atrial fibrillation (IAF) is defined as AF without hypertension, diabetes, and other underlying diseases. Genetic polymorphism of adiponectin affects serum adiponectin concentration. However, the association of serum adiponectin concentration and its genetic polymorphism with IAF has not been studied. This study investigated the relationship between serum levels of adiponectin, adiponectin gene polymorphisms, and the risk of developing IAF in a Chinese Han population. Methods: Patients with IAF (n = 172, IAF group) and healthy individuals (n = 150, control group) were consecutively and randomly recruited and fasting peripheral blood samples were collected. All participants were examined for serum adiponectin concentrations and the polymorphisms SNP45T>G (SmaI locus, rs2241766) and SNP276G>T (BsmI locus, rs1501299) of the adiponectin gene were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Related clinical data from the two groups were also collected. Results: Plasma adiponectin levels in the IAF group were significantly lower than those in the control group (9.9 ± 2.6 mg/L vs. 16.1 ± 7.0 mg/L, p = 0.006). There were no significant differences among the three genotypes (wild type, mutant heterozygote, and homozygote) of SNP45T>G or SNP276G>T in the prediction value of IAF. The frequency of the T allele of SNP45 T>G was 70.3% in the IAF group and significantly different from that of the control group (71.3%; p = 0.02). In the case of SNP276G>T, the frequency of the G allele was 68.61% in patients with IAF compared to 73.34% in the control group (p = 0.35). Furthermore, a comparison of the clinical data of individuals in the two groups revealed that the left atrial diameter (LAD) in patients in the IAF group was obviously higher than that in the control group (43.3 ± 6.7 mm vs. 37.9 ± 5.1 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the IAF group was obviously reduced than that in the control group (54.7 ± 11.9% vs. 60.2 ± 5.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low plasma adiponectin levels were significantly associated with IAF. Hypoadiponectinemia can thus serve as an important factor for the incidence of IAF. The genotypes of SNP45T>G and SNP276G>T in the adiponectin gene may not correlate with the occurrence of IAF. However, our results demonstrate that the T allele of SNP45T>G may be responsible for IAF development in the Chinese Han population.

The role of adiposity, adipokines and polymorphisms of leptin and adiponectin in myelodysplastic syndromes.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between leptin and adiponectin gene polymorphisms, circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin, adiposity and clinical markers in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This cross-sectional study was conducted with 102 adults and elderly MDS patients and 102 age- and sex-matched controls. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities, anthropometric data, laboratory evaluation and genetic analysis (polymorphisms -2548G > A/rs7799039 of the LEP gene and +276G > T/rs1501299 of the ADIPOQ gene) were investigated. Serum leptin was higher and adiponectin lower in MDS when compared with controls. There was a significant positive correlation between serum leptin levels and BMI (r = 0·264, P = 0·025), waist circumference (r = 0·235, P = 0·047), body fat percentage (BF %) (r = 0·373, P = 0·001) and the fat mass index (FMI) (r = 0·371, P < 0·001). A lower mean adiponectin was found among patients with high BF %, higher visceral adiposity index and metabolic syndrome. A significant association was found between the AA genotype (mutant) of the LEP polymorphism rs7799039 and male sex and blast excess (≥ 5 %). In addition, a significant association was observed between the TT genotype (mutant) of the ADIPOQ rs1501299 polymorphism and Fe overload. These results demonstrate the importance of a comprehensive and systematic evaluation in patients with MDS in order to identify and control negative factors not related to the disease at an early stage.

Adiponectin rs1501299 and chemerin rs17173608 gene polymorphism in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: relation with macroangiopathy and peripheral artery disease.

Although macrovascular complications represent the leading cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the prevalence of subtle macrovascular affection including peripheral artery disease (PAD) among children with T1DM and its genetic predictors remains to be unraveled. Increasing evidence suggests a link between adiponectin rs1501299 and chemerin rs17173608 gene polymorphism and atherogenesis, and insulin resistance. Hence, this study assess the prevalence of these variants among children with T1DM in comparison to healthy controls and their association with macrovascular complications, namely PAD and hyperlipidemia. Fifty children with T1DM and 50 matched controls underwent a thorough assessment including adiponectin rs1501299 and chemerin rs17173608 gene polymorphisms, fasting lipids, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to decide the risk allele and evaluate the association between the candidate variant and PAD using a case-control design. Children with T1DM were found to have significantly higher ABI (p = 0.011) than controls. Chemerin gene polymorphism was detected in 41 children with T1DM (82.0%), while adiponectin gene polymorphism was detected in 19 children (38.0%). Children with T1DM having GG chemerin variant and those having TT adiponectin variant had significantly higher cholesterol with significantly lower HDL-C and ABI than those having the other two variants (p < 0.005). Children with T1DM having abnormal ABI had significantly higher chemerin G (p = 0.017) and adiponectin T (p = 0.022) alleles than those with normal ABI. Cholesterol and ABI were independently associated with chemerin and adiponectin gene polymorphism by multivariable regression analysis. Children with T1DM having chemerin and adiponectin gene polymorphisms have significantly higher cholesterol and ABI than those without these polymorphisms and controls. The Research Ethics Committee of Ain Shams University, approval number R 31/2021.

EP23.06: Association between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus in north‐eastern Han Chinese population

EP23.06: Association between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus in north‐eastern Han Chinese population

Analysis of leptin, adiponectin and adiponectin gene polymorphism and leptin receptor in obese children and adolescents

Background: The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of leptin and adiponectin of obese children to identify the influence of leptin receptor gene polymorphisms on leptin resistance and leptin levels, as well as the association between the polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and adiponectin levels.Materials and methods: A case-control study comparing a study group of 74 obese children (age 13.34±2.60 years) to a normal weight-age matched (age 13.39±2.64 years) control group of 69 children. In both groups, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Also, the leptin and adiponectin levels, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using fasting insulinemia and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). All subjects were tested for gene-tic polymorphisms in LEPRQ223R (rs1137101), ADIPOQ G276T (rs1501299) and ADIPOT45G (rs2241766).Results: The phenotypes of the obese children study group were significantly higher than in the control group in weight, BMI, waist/hip circumferences and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P&amp;lt;0.001). We confirmed that in obese children the levels of leptin in the blood are increased and levels of adiponectin are decreased (P&amp;lt;0.001). The differences of the genotype distributions of leptin receptor (LEPRQ223R) and adiponectin (ADIPOG276T and ADIPOT45G) gene polymorphisms in the study group of obese chil-dren and a control group was not observed.Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated increased leptin level and significantly decreased level of adiponectin in the obese children group compared with the control group. The results of the analysis of glucose metabolism and lipidogram between the two groups showed that insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides, as well as hsCRP were increased and significantly different in the group of obese children compared to the control group, as expected. However, by including a significantly larger number of tested and control samples of both sexes and age-specific groups, with a larger number of tested SNPs, the genes investigated in this study would probably give better insight into a multicomplex disease such as obesity.

Chronic Kidney Disease: Interaction of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms and Diabetes.

Adiponectin is an adipokine multipeptide hormone with insulin-sensitizing; anti-atherosclerotic; and anti-inflammatory properties. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with low adiponectin. The adiponectin gene ADIPOQ is thought to be the only major gene responsible for plasma adiponectin levels; which are associated with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between ADIPOQ polymorphism and CKD. In addition; the combined effects of ADIPOQ polymorphism and diabetes and levels of total urinary arsenic and blood cadmium on CKD were also explored. This study included 215 CKD patients and 423 age-sex matched controls. The ADIPOQ polymorphisms were determined using the Agena Bioscience Mass ARRAY System. The levels of blood cadmium and urinary arsenic species were measured. The ADIPOQ rs182052 GA/AA genotype had a marginally lower odds ratio (OR) for CKD than the GG genotype. The OR (95% confidence interval; CI) was 16.33 (5.72-46.66) of CKD in subjects carrying the ADIPOQ rs182052 GG genotype and diabetes compared to non-diabetes subjects carrying the ADIPOQ rs182052 GA/AA genotype; the interaction term had p = 0.015; and the synergy index was 6.64 (1.81-24.36) after multivariate adjustment. A significant interaction of diabetes and ADIPOQ rs1501299 risk genotype increased the OR of CKD after multivariate adjustment with a synergy index of 0.31 (0.11-0.86) and a multiplicative interaction with p = 0.001. These results suggest that ADIPOQ rs182052 and rs1501299 risk genotypes may significantly modify the association between diabetes and CKD but not the association between total urinary arsenic and blood cadmium and CKD.

Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms and Possible Susceptibility to Metabolic Syndrome among the Sudanese Population: A Case-Control Study.

There is a significant difference in genotypic frequencies of the rs266729, rs2241766, and rs1501299 SNPs and allele frequencies (P < 0.05) between the MetS patients and non-MetS group. MetS patients had a significantly higher serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the GG genotype of rs2241766 (P < 0.05). Additionally; the TT genotype of rs1501299 had higher SBP, serum TG, TC, and LDL-C (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed hypertension, hyperglycemia, BMI, WC, serum TG, ADIPOQ rs2241766 (TG allele), and ADIPOQ rs1501299 (GT allele) had independently predicted the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the Sudanese population. The three investigated SNPs of ADIPOQ were in a moderate linkage disequilibrium (LD) connection according to the LD measures (D' = 0.54, 0.62, and 0.69, respectively). The CTT, CGG, and GTG haplotypes, which consist of three alleles of -11377C > G, +45T > G, and +276G > T, were shown to report 1.788-, 1.622,- and 1.641-fold risks toward MetS susceptibility in Sudanese's population, respectively. Along with clinical and biochemical signs, the ADIPOQ gene's genetic variants (rs266729, rs2241766, and rs1501299), CTT, CGG, and GTG haplotypes are connected to the MetS risk among the Sudanese population.

Molecular Study on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Adiponectin Gene and its Association with Type II Diabetes in Egyptian Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent hereditary condition that has multiple genetic risk factors as well as environmental influences. Aim: The Work aimed to find if there is an association between the presence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Adiponectin gene &amp; its association with type II diabetes in Egyptian patients. Material &amp; Techniques: This case-control research had been conducted at Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Genetic Engineering &amp; biotechnology institute, university of Sadat city. This research had been conducted on eighty patients; separated into 2 groups diabetic group and the control group. Results: significant reduction in adiponectin level in type II diabetes studied cases compared to normal control subjects (p &lt;0.001). GG genotype is significantly more predominant in type 2 diabetes (54%) while the GT genotype is more predominant in control (60%) (p-value =0.04)., while no variation in allele distribution among both groups (p value=0.6). Conclusion: In studied cases with type 2 diabetes, there was a significant reduction in adiponectin levels in type II diabetes patients. GG genotype is significantly more predominant in type 2 diabetes. The genotype GG significantly rises the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes.

Association of Adiponectin 45T/G (rs2241766) and Visfatin 4689G/T (rs2110385) Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Obesity.

This study aimed to see whether the adiponectin 45T/G (rs2241766) and visfatin 4689G/T (rs2110385) gene polymorphisms in an Iranian population are linked to obesity and/or obesity-related traits in normal and obese individuals. 230 obese individuals and 169 healthy controls had their genomic DNA taken. The alleles and genotypes of the rs2241766 and rs2110385 polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Obese individuals had considerably greater frequencies of the G allele and GG genotypes of the rs2241766 polymorphism than healthy controls (35% vs 21%, Probability (P) <0.0001, odds ratios (OR): 1.99, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.45-2.75 and 21% vs 7%, P = 0.002, OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.81-6.85, respectively). In comparison to healthy controls, obesity patients had substantially lower frequencies of the T allele and TT genotype of the rs2241766 polymorphism (65% vs 79%, P < 0.0001, OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.36-0.69 and 51% vs 65%, P = 0.008, OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39-0.87, respectively). Obese individuals had substantially higher frequencies of the G allele and GG genotype in the rs2110385 polymorphism than healthy controls (77% vs 69%, P = 0.01, OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07-2.0 and 61% versus 51%, P = 0.047, OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2, respectively). When compared to healthy controls, the frequency of the T allele in the rs2110385 polymorphism was considerably lower in obese individuals (23% vs 31%, P = 0.01, OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.5-0.93). Furthermore, these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were shown to have a strong link to clinical data in obese individuals. In the case of adiponectin, 45T/G (rs2241766) genotypes, serum low-density lipoprotein, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure were substantially different among the rs2241766 genotypes (P = 0.007, P = 0.000, and P = 0.011, respectively). In the instance of the visfatin 4689G/T (rs2110385) gene polymorphism, serum triglycerides was substantially different among the rs2110385 genotypes (P = 0.039). In the Iranian population, our findings revealed a strong link between adiponectin and visfatin gene polymorphisms and obesity and several obesity-related clinical characteristics. These SNPs might be used to identify those who are at risk of becoming obese.

Association of serum adiponectin levels and ADIPOQ SNP rs2241766 with breast cancer risk in Indian women.

Adiponectin, an adipokine, and its gene polymorphisms have been associated with breast cancer risk in various populations. In this study, we evaluated the association of the circulating levels of adiponectin and adiponectin gene polymorphism SNP rs2241766 with breast cancer and its clinicopathological characteristics in Indian women. A case-control study was carried out with 60 Ductal Infiltrating Breast Carcinoma patients and 60 age-matched healthy controls. Serum adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. SNP genotyping was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Serum adiponectin levels were compared using the Mann Whitney U test. The frequency of genotypes was compared using the Chi-square test. The odds ratio was calculated using logistic regression. Lower serum adiponectin level was associated with increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (OR - 7.69; 95% CI - 2.16-27.43, P = 0.002) but not in the reproductive age group women. There was no association between adiponectin levels with the TNM stage of the tumor, histopathological grade, erbB2, and ER/PR status. The SNP rs2241766 polymorphism was not associated with breast cancer risk but the mutant genotypes TG/GG was found to be significantly associated with the lower histopathological grade of the tumor (X2 (2, N = 60) = 8.62, P = 0.01). Our results suggest that low serum adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The TG/GG genotypes of SNP rs2241766 polymorphism were associated with a lower histological grade of the tumor.

Novel variants associated with adiponectin-related traits in Awassi ewes

BackgroundAdipose tissue secretes adiponectin (ADIPOQ), a hormone related to fat oxidation, glucose metabolism, and reproduction. The polymorphism of adiponectin is associated with productive traits in domestic animals. Thus, this study investigated the association of adiponectin gene polymorphism with lipid profile and reproductive hormones in Awassi ewe. In this study, 200 ewes between the ages of 2.5 and 5 years, neither pregnant nor lactating, were included. To determine the lipid profile and reproductive hormones, sera were separated from the blood. DNA extraction, genotyping, and sequencing reactions were used to verify the variants in the amplified fragments (exon 1).ResultsThree genotypes, CC, CA, and AA, were identified from 368 bp amplicons (exon 1). A sequencing reaction revealed a novel mutation, c.198473337C > A, in the CA genotype. The results revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in cholesterol and HDL levels in the AA genotype than CC and CA genotypes. The AA genotype had higher estradiol and progesterone levels (50.52 ± 0.64) (pg/ml) and (7.10 ± 0.04) (ng/ml), respectively, than those with the CC and CA genotypes.ConclusionsThese results conclude that the ADIPOQ gene affects lipid profiles and sex hormone levels in Awassi sheep. Choosing sheep that are polymorphic for the ADIPOQ gene should be a future study, as this gene could be linked to high prolificacy.

The evaluation of adiponectin gene polymorphisms (rs2241766 and rs1501299) in susceptibility to severe coronary artery disease in a north Iranian population.

BackgroundSeveral genome-wide-association-studies have approved a series of adiponectin polymorphisms firmly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic traits. In this study, the relationship between +45 T/G (rs2241766) and the +276 G/T(rs1501299) adiponectin polymorphisms was investigated with coronary heart disease, antioxidant capacity, and plasma lipid profiles in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 274 blood samples were collected from 131 male and 143 female Iranian volunteers suspected of coronary heart disease based on angiographic evidence.PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the adiponectin genotypes in two variants, +45 T/G (rs2241766) and + 276 G/T(rs1501299). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was estimated through the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), and also, the Elman method was applied to evaluate total thiol. Plasma lipid profiles and FBS were measured by spectrophotometric methods. ResultsComparison of clinical and demographic factors in the two groups of CAD+ and non-CAD showed a significant differences between age, triglyceride, insulin and FRAP levels (P < 0.05). there was no significant variation in the probability of developing coronary artery disease or diabetes mellitus due to genotypic and allelic frequencies at the two gene polymorphism +45 T/G(rs2241766) and + 276 G/T(rs1501299). Data analysis explained that adiponectin +45 T/G variants correlated with plasma lipid profile and glycemic index in diabetic subjects. However, this relationship was not observed for the +276 G/T variant. ConclusionThe results showed that the adiponectin gene polymorphism (45 T/G, +276G/T) had not significantly correlation with coronary artery disease in most variants and only the GG variant of 45 T/G can develop the risk of coronary artery disease in male individuals with diabetes.

The Effects of BMI and Genetic Variation of Adipokines on Serum Concentrations of Hormones in Untreated Individuals with Breast Cancer; a Pilot Study

Background: Numerous studies have shown an association between hormones secreted by adipose tissues and cancer development. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effect of body mass index (BMI) and genetic variation of leptin and adiponectin on serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and estradiol among untreated breast cancer. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 350 women (175 women with breast cancer and 175 healthy controls), who had not taken any medications. Serum levels of estradiol (17-beta estradiol), leptin, and adiponectin were measured, using the ELISA technique. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of leptin gene (LepG2548A), leptin receptor (Q223, K109R, and K656N), and adiponectin gene (T45G, G276T, C11377G, and 11391A) in blood-isolated DNA were evaluated, using RFLP-PCR technique. Results: Body mass index can affect serum concentrations of hormones and is associated with breast cancer. Also, except for adiponectin C11377G polymorphism, other all genetic variations showed significant relationships with breast cancer. In both groups, BMI was significantly correlated with the mean serum concentrations of hormones, and the risk of breast cancer increased in G2548A, Q223R, K656N, and G276T polymorphisms. The effect of risk allele genotypes on serum concentration of hormones showed that changes in serum concentration of estrogen and leptin in all studied polymorphisms were associated with breast cancer in postmenopausal women. But adiponectin level was only affected by polymorphisms K109R, K656N, and G276 and G11391A. Conclusions: High BMI and genetic variation can affect cancer development by changing the serum concentrations of hormones in different genotypes. Studying various populations’ genetics and lifestyle can help definitive conclusions about genetics and obesity.

Polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and gene-lipid interaction with hypertension risk in Chinese coal miners: A matched case-control study.

ObjectiveLow serum adiponectin level can predict hypertension development, and adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms have been reported to be linked with hypertension risk. Whereas, the interaction between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and environmental factors on the susceptibility of hypertension remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of ADIPOQ polymorphisms with hypertension risk and their interaction with lipid levels in coal miners.MethodsA matched case-control study with 296 case-control pairs was performed in a large coal mining group located in North China. The participants were questioned by trained interviewers, and their ADIPOQ genotype and lipid levels were determined. Logistic regression, stratified analysis, and crossover analysis were applied to evaluate the effects of rs2241766, rs1501299, and rs266729 genotypes and gene–lipid interaction on hypertension risk.ResultsIn this matched case-control study, the genotypes of rs2241766 TG+GG, rs1501299 GT+TT, and rs266729 CG+GG were marginally related to hypertension risk. Individuals with high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level were susceptible to hypertension (TC: odds ratio [OR] = 1.807, 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] = 1.266–2.581; LDL-C: OR = 1.981, 95%CI = 1.400–2.803; HDL-C: OR = 1.559, 95%CI = 1.093–2.223). Antagonistic interactions were detected between rs2241766 and TC, rs1501299 and TC, rs2241766 and LDL-C, and rs1501299 and HDL-C (rs2241766 and TC: OR = 0.393, 95%CI = 0.191–0.806; rs1501299 and TC: OR = 0.445, 95%CI = 0.216–0.918; rs2241766 and LDL-C: OR = 0.440, 95%CI = 0.221–0.877; rs1501299 and HDL-C: OR = 0.479, 95%CI = 0.237–0.967). Stratified analysis showed that hypertension risk was high for the subjects with rs2241766 TG+GG or rs1501299 GG under the low lipid level but low for those under the high lipid level. In the case group, the TC and LDL-C levels for rs2241766 TG+GG were lower than those for rs2241766 GG, and the TC and HDL-C levels for rs1501299 GT+TT were higher than those for rs1501299 GG.ConclusionsAlthough the effects of ADIPOQ polymorphisms alone were not remarkable, an antagonistic interaction was observed between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and lipid levels.

Associations between rs2241766 and rs3774261 polymorphisms in ADIPOQ gene and atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition that affects both children and adults. Adipokines have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. In the current study, the association between adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms and AD was investigated. In addition, changes in serum adiponectin levels in AD patients were examined. Restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR technique was used to genotype ADIPOQ SNPs. The ELISA assay was used to measure serum Adiponectin levels. A total of 324 participants (162 AD and 162 healthy controls) were included in the study. The frequency of the GG genotype of rs3774261 was higher in the AD group (44.5%) than in the control group (32.7%, P<0.05). Regarding the rs2241766 SNP, the frequency of the GG genotype was higher in the AD group (10.5%) than in the control group (3.1%), while the frequency of the TT genotype was lower (P<0.001) in the AD group (35.8%) than the control group (57.4%). Moreover, the GG haplotype of rs3774261 and rs2241766 significantly increased the risk of AD by about 2-fold (P<0.05). Finally, serum adiponectin levels were lower in the AD group than in the control group (P<0.05). These results indicate an association of the rs2241766 and rs3774261 SNPs with the risk of developing AD among the population examined.

Association of adiponectin gene polymorphism and cytokines levels in obese patients with COVID-19

Covid-19 is a genus of enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a high degree of genetic diversity. They induce a variety of disorders affecting the respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and nervous systems in humans and animals, with different manifestation and severity. Several risk variables, including older age, male gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and obesity (a higher body mass index (BMI)), are known to predict a worse course of covd-19 infection. Obesity is the result of the accumulation of an excessive amount of fat in the body and the condition arises from an imbalance between the amount of energy stored by increased food intake and the amount of energy expended as physical activity. The aims of study evaluate the effect of covid-19 on cytokines levels in obese patients. As well as, study the association of adiponectin gene polymorphism to the risk of infection with covid-19 in obese patients.

Adiponectin gene polymorphisms and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among female rape survivors: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT Background: Rape is a common traumatic event which may result in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet few studies have investigated risk biomarkers in sexually traumatised individuals. Adiponectin is a novel cytokine within inflammatory and cardiometabolic pathways with evidence of involvement in PTSD. Objective: This prospective exploratory study in a sample of female rape survivors investigated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) severity, and the interaction of these SNPs of interest with childhood trauma in modifying the association with PTSS severity. Method: The study involved 455 rape-exposed black South African women (mean age (SD), 25.3 years (±5.5)) recruited within 20 days of being raped. PTSS was assessed using the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) and childhood trauma was assessed using a modified version of the Childhood Trauma Scale-Short Form Questionnaire. Eight ADIPOQ SNPs (rs17300539, rs16861194, rs16861205, rs2241766, rs6444174, rs822395, rs1501299, rs1403697) were genotyped using KASP. Mixed linear regression models were used to test additive associations of ADIPOQ SNPs and PTSS severity at baseline, 3 and 6 months following rape. Results: The mean DTS score post-sexual assault was high (71.3 ± 31.5), with a decrease in PTSS severity shown over time for all genotypes. rs6444174TT genotype was inversely associated with baseline PTSS in the unadjusted model (β = −13.6, 95% CI [−25.1; −2.1], p = .021). However, no genotype was shown to be significantly associated with change in PTSS severity over time and therefore ADIPOQ SNP x childhood trauma interaction was not further investigated. Conclusion: None of the ADIPOQ SNPs selected for investigation in this population were shown to be associated with change in PTSS severity over a 6-month period and therefore their clinical utility as risk biomarkers for rape-related PTSD appears limited. These SNPs should be further investigated in possible gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

Effect of maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus on congenital heart diseases.

The increasing population of diabetes mellitus in adolescent girls and women of childbearing age contributes to a large number of pregnancies with maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus. Congenital heart diseases are a common adverse outcome in mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus. However, there is little systematic information between maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus and congenital heart diseases in the offspring. Literature selection was performed in PubMed. One hundred and seven papers were cited in our review, including 36 clinical studies, 26 experimental studies, 31 reviews, eight meta-analysis articles, and six of other types. Maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus poses a high risk of congenital heart diseases in the offspring and causes variety of phenotypes of congenital heart diseases. Factors such as persistent maternal hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, polymorphism of uncoupling protein 2, polymorphism of adiponectin gene, Notch 1 pathway, Nkx2.5 disorders, dysregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and viral etiologies are associated with the occurrence of congenital heart diseases in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus. Treatment options including blood sugar-reducing, anti-oxidative stress drug supplements and exercise can help to prevent maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus from inducing congenital heart diseases. Our review contributes to a better understanding of the association between maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus and congenital heart diseases in the offspring and to a profound thought of the mechanism, preventive and therapeutic measurements of congenital heart diseases caused by maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus.

Correlation of Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms rs266729 and rs3774261 With Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BackgroundIncreasing evidence has suggested an association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms rs1501299, rs2241766, rs266729 and rs3774261 with risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This correlation has been extensively meta-analyzed for the first two polymorphisms, but not the second two.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for relevant literature. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsA total of 10 case-control studies on rs266729 (2,619 cases and 1,962 controls) and 3 case-control studies on rs3774261 (562 cases and 793 controls) were included. Meta-analysis showed that rs266729 was associated with significantly higher NAFLD risk based on the following five models: allelic, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.34-2.21, P < 0.001; recessive, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.86-2.95, P < 0.001; dominant, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.34-2.53, P < 0.001; homozygous, OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.84-3.92, P < 0.001; and heterozygous, OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.28-2.32, P < 0.001. This association between rs266729 and NAFLD risk remained significant for all five models among studies with Asian, Chinese and Caucasian samples. The rs2241766 polymorphism was associated with significantly higher NAFLD risk according to the recessive model (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.15-3.04, P = 0.01).ConclusionPolymorphisms rs266729 and rs3774261 in the adiponectin gene may be risk factors for NAFLD. These findings may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies, but they should be verified in large, well-designed studies.