Adhesive Wear Properties Research Articles

Wear properties of nanoclay modified basalt fibre composites under dry adhesive sliding, two-body abrasive, and slurry pot erosive

This paper reports the effect of 1.0 wt%, 3.0 wt% and 5.0 wt% nanoclay loadings on specific wear rate properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites. The specific wear rate properties of the BFRP composites were analyzed at three different wear conditions, i.e., dry adhesive sliding, two-body abrasion, and slurry pot erosion in which the composites slide against smooth steel, rough silicon carbide, and medium-coarse sand mixture, respectively. The operating parameters for the wear tests were set at 30 N load, 300 rpm speed, and 10 km distance. The results demonstrated that the addition of nanoclay effectively enhanced the adhesive and erosive wear properties of BFRP composites. In adhesive wear properties, BFRP containing up to 5.0 wt% (EP/BF/5NC) marked 31.73% improvement when compared to the pure system, whereas, under erosive wear condition, the wear rate reduced by up to 51.12% when 1.0 wt% of nanoclay was added to EP/BF. As the nanoclay content increases, the wear rate exhibited improvement as indicated by reduction of erosive wear resistance. In contrast, nanoclay incorporation deteriorated the abrasive wear properties of BFRP. The abrasive wear rates reduced as nanoclay content increased, for example, the incorporation of nanoclay up to 5.0 wt% deteriorated about 101.94% when compared to pure EP/BF. The morphology of worn surfaces was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the wear behavior of the nano clay modified BFRP composites. It concluded that nanoclay incorporation exhibited significant influence on wear properties of the polymer composites depending on the wear environment condition.

Comparative Investigation of Mechanical, Tribological and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Commonly Used 3D Printing Materials

In this study, it is aimed to comparatively examine tensile, thermomechanical, and adhesive wear properties of PLA (poly lactic acid), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) and PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol) materials, which are the most widely used filament materials in 3D (three dimensional) printing technology. The printing process was carried out by considering the mostly preferred manufacturing parameters by the end users and the options offered by the slicing software by default. Mechanical tests were performed at three different temperatures, 25, 35 and 45 °C, according to the glass transition temperatures of the materials. Determination of tribological properties, both bottom and upper surfaces of the test samples were exposed to adhesive wear by using standard pin-on disc tester. During the tensile tests, it was observed that the most sensitive material in terms of the alteration of mechanical properties with temperature was PLA, and the most stable material was ABS. It was determined that there was a significant difference in wear volume for all tested materials, depending on whether the abraded surface was top or bottom. The variation of storage modulus values with temperature was also investigated by applying DMTA (Dynamic mechanic thermal analysis) tests to the samples.

Investigation of adhesive wear properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester composites having different chemical compositions

Glass fiber reinforced polyester composite materials are widely used in various areas due to their high specific strength, low weight, excellent elasticity, high corrosion resistance, and high thermal stability. This study aims to investigate the effects of resin materials and various fillers and wear parameters such as different loads and speeds on the tribological properties of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite materials. In this experimental study, various resins (tensile additive orthophthalic polyester and plain orthophthalic polyester), fillers (alumina and glass beads), and reinforcing materials were used during the sample preparation. The samples were subjected to an adhesive wear test at two different speeds ( n = 100 r/min and n = 200 r/min) and different loads ( F = 10 N and F = 20 N) at 150 m sliding distance. The friction coefficient and friction force were measured by the tribometer. The thickness of the wear trace was later measured and the wear rate was calculated. Wear surfaces of samples were visualized with a three-dimensional laser profilometer in order to obtain surface topographies and surface roughness values. The sample surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy in order to understand the wear mechanisms and to characterize the morphology of worn surfaces. Experimental results have shown that alumina or glass beads fillers can reduce the average friction coefficient when used in the correct amounts. The use of glass bead filler in orthophthalic polyester resin with tensile additive is more effective than reducing the wear rate compared to alumina filler. The load on the wear behavior of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite materials is more effective than the speed.

Investigating the Adhesive Wear Properties of Aluminum Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures Using RSM Technique

Investigating the Adhesive Wear Properties of Aluminum Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures Using RSM Technique

Tribo-Mechanical Behaviour of Al-Cu-Si castings

Al-Cu-Si alloy of 1.5% copper and 0.5% silicon was sand casted into ingot rods with Nitrogen degassing. The sand casted rods were homogenized at different temperatures for a time of 10 hours. The homogenized and as cast rods were then tested for mechanical and tribological properties by taking samples from different regions surface, middle and inner regions respectively. The Microhardness, microstructure, Ultimate tensile strength(UTS), elongation in percentage (%), rate of wear and specific wear rate were determined and investigated. The results show improved mechanical and tribological properties of homogenized compared to as cast. The hardness and tensile strength values showed similar pattern of decrease from outer to middle to inner regions whereas elongation in percentage showed the opposite. The greater hardness and tensile strength at the outer surface can be attributed to the faster solidification (or higher cooling rate at the surface) compared to the slower cooling rate at inner region of ingot. Microstructure examination also revealed finer grains at inner The Adhesive wear properties were determined using Pin on Disc wear tester as per ASTME standards of dry sliding friction condition. The results showed adhesive dry Adhesive wear is carried out by Pin-on-Disc wear tester. Wear rate of the alloy rises with applied load conducted at different speeds. The specific wear rate and the friction coefficient vary with load. The diffusion of disc material into the specimen material which changes the alloy composition. It was observed through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The worn-out surfaces were studied by using SEM analysis.

Nanoparticles Reinforcement for the Improved Strength and High-Temperature Wear Resistance of Mn-Cr Steel

Nanotechnologies offer tremendous potential when it comes to modifying the microstructure of steel through the incorporation of nanoparticles. While typical production methods for metal-matrix composites are difficult and expensive, conventional casting routes suffer from inhomogeneity and agglomeration of the added nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and possibilities of introducing nanosized particles into a steel matrix through a conventional casting process and to determine the effect of different nanoparticles and methods of incorporation on the strength, toughness, and high-temperature wear resistance of martensitic steel. The results show that also in the case of a conventional casting process, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in the metal matrix, resulting in improved strength, maintained toughness, and up to five times better high-temperature wear resistance of the Mn-Cr steel. However, the rate of improvement greatly depends on the method and type of nanoparticles incorporation. The most promising results were observed for the combination of carbon nanotubes, oxide nanoparticles, and dispersant, sealed in a steel tube, with the dispersant providing the uniform distribution, the carbon nanotubes delivering the good toughness and the adhesive wear properties, and the oxide nanoparticles ensuring oxidation and abrasive wear resistance.

The Wear of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Materials at Different Loads and Speeds

Glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP) materials which are polymer matrix composites have some properties such as high specific strength, excellent elasticity, low weight, high corrosion resistance, high chemical resistance and high thermal stability. One of most important causes of failure of mechanical parts is wear. It is a surface property that can be reduced by changing the surface chemistries of the materials and microstructures. For this reason GFRP materials should be investigated not only for their mechanical properties but also for their tribological behaviours. The aim of this study is investigation of effects of different fillers and resins materials on adhesive wear properties of GFRP at different loads and speeds. In the sample production, different resins (reactive orthophtalic polyesters), reinforcing materials and fillers (glass beads, alumina) are used. . Initially, the samples were subjected to adhesive wear tests on two different loads (F=10N, F=20N) and two different speeds (n=100rpm, n=200rpm) at 150m sliding distance. The friction force and friction coefficient were measured during the test on tribometer. The densities of samples were measured. In the next step, the wear trace thicknesses were measured and the wear rates were calculated. In results, the addition of glass beads to plain orthophtalic polyester resin reduced wear rate. The influence of load effect on wear behavior of samples is more the influence of speed.

Synthesis of Al LM25/TiC Composite Using Squeeze Casting Method and Investigation of its Mechanical and Adhesive Wear properties

LM25 reinforced with 10 wt.% Titanium Carbide was fabricated using squeeze casting technique and a cylindrical specimen with dimensions of 50 mm diameter and 150 mm length was obtained. The cast composite specimen was subjected to hardness and tensile test using Vicker’s hardness tester and Universal Testing Machine respectively. The hardness and tensile test results revealed 129 HV and 143 MPa respectively. Microstructural analysis was done and uniform distribution of reinforcement particles was observed in the matrix. Dry sliding wear experiments were conducted using pin-on-disc tribometer based on Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array by varying process parameters such as load (15, 25, 35N), sliding distance (750,1250,1750m) and sliding velocity (1.5m/s, 2.5m/s, 3.5m/s). Signal-to-Noise ratio and Analysis of Variance were used to find out the most influential process parameter. The results revealed that the wear rate increases as applied load increases and it decreases as sliding velocity and sliding distance increases. Load was found to be the most dominating parameter (54.2%) followed by sliding velocity (8.5%) and sliding distance (2.6%). Interaction between wear parameters also had a significant effect on wear rate. Regression model was developed and validated with confirmation experiments with minimum error. Worn surfaces were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope and severe delamination was observed at maximum load.

Effect of Different Fillers on Adhesive Wear Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites

Effect of Different Fillers on Adhesive Wear Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites

Research on the Structure and Wear Properties of Grind-Hardened 42CrMo

grind-hardening test was performed on 42CrMo steel in the paper. Microstructure of the hardened layer was observed and the wear-resistance of hardened specimens was done too. The results showed that microstructure of the fully hardened layer was mainly composed by lath martensite; microhardness of the hardened layer was above 700HV and the abrasive wear and the adhesive wear properties of hardened layer were 2~9 times than that of the base.

Optimization of surface treatment to enhance fiber–matrix interface and performance of composites

Oxidation treatment with concentrated HNO3 was employed to the carbon fabric (CF) for various time intervals (30–180min) to observe the effect of treatment on two simultaneous processes involved viz. improvement in its adhesion with the matrix and reduction of fiber strength which in turn is responsible for change in the performance properties of composites. Seven composites with untreated and acid treated CF were developed based on the polyetherimide (PEI) matrix and evaluated for adhesive wear properties under various loads (200–600N) against mild steel disc. 90min treated CF composite indicated the best tribological properties and showed 30% reduction in specific wear rate (K0) and 23% in coefficient of friction (μ) respectively at 600N load. Treatment beyond this time proved detrimental for improvement in properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed increase in roughness with treatment time, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies indicated substantial increase in roughness value. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of worn surfaces supported the wear mechanisms and improvement in adhesion between fiber and matrix.

Effect of Spray Condition and Heat Treatment on the Structure and Adhesive Wear Properties of WC Cermet Coatings

An improved HVOF spray process called ‘‘Gas-shrouded HVOF’’ (GS-HVOF) has been developed over the past several years. By using an extension nozzle at the exit of a commercial HVOF spray gun, GS-HVOF is capable of controlling the oxidation of sprayed materials during flight as well as achieving higher velocity of sprayed particles. These features result in extremely dense and clean microstructure of the sprayed coatings. The process has been successfully applied to corrosion resistant alloys such as SUS316L, HastelloyC, and alloy 625 as well as cermets such as WC-Cr3C2-Ni. Wear properties of WC cermet coatings were measured by using a pin-on-disk wear tester. The specific wear rates of the coatings prepared by the GS-HVOF with a reducing (fuel rich) flame were close to that of chrome plating. The wear amount of the heat-treated GS-HVOF coatings could not be detected after testing. It is believed that transition to mild wear appeared early because of the increased surface oxidation due to the heat treatment.

Adhesive mechanisms in the wear of some tool steels

The adhesive wear properties of a number of tool steels have been investigated, with special emphasis on the formation and action of prows. The test pieces were worn by dry sliding in a pin-on-ring machine. A special specimen preparation technique made it possible to study the internal structure of wear fragments and prows as a function of depth under the external surface. It was found that prows form in successive steps. The initial step has been reported earlier for pure metals and low carbon steel. A detailed explanation of material deterioration in adhesive wear has been worked out. The dominating mechanism was found to be an abrasive dead zone action, rather than the shearing off or destruction of prows. Investigations by X-ray and electron microscope techniques revealed extensive transformations between the austenite and martensite phases, an extremely fine grain size and a redistribution of carbide and oxide particles during the formation of prows. Correspondingly high microhardness values, up to 1600 HV 0.15N, were measured in the transformed material. Distortion of the retained austenite lattice contributes to the high hardness.