Adhesion Research Articles

Promoting Adhesion of Natural Rubber/Styrene-Butadiene Rubber to Brass Using Vietnamese Natural Rubber-Based Adhesives

Abstract This study aimed to enhance the adhesion between brass and NR/SBR rubber sheets using solvent-based adhesives derived from Vietnamese natural rubber. The effects of silane coupling agents and iron nanoparticles on adhesion were investigated. (3-Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane (APTES) and iron nanoparticles are incorporated into the adhesives at varying concentrations to enhance adhesion levels. The characteristics of the adhesive, such as viscosity, peel-off tensile strength, and the surface morphology of the adhesive bond failure, have been studied and evaluated. The research results demonstrated that as the APTES content added to the adhesives increases gradually, the peel strength between the NR/SBR and brass significantly improves. The highest peel strength value achieved was 5.27 N/mm at 25 phr APTES, representing a 974% increase compared to the sample without silane. The continued addition of iron nanoparticles to the adhesive further improves the peel tensile strength, reaching a maximum value of 5.93 N/mm at a nanoparticle content of 5 phr. This information will be crucial for developing practical applications for this type of adhesive.

Corrosion Assessment of Arc Thermal Sprayed Al and its Alloy Coatings in Aggressive Environments: An Overview

Arc thermal sprayed coatings have a wide range of applications, including corrosion resistance, wear resistance, thermal barriers, and electromagnetic pulse protection. However, these coatings often suffer from significant defects and pore formation, which can reduce their overall effectiveness. This overview focuses on the corrosion resistance properties of Al and its alloys. Al coatings demonstrate good corrosion resistance in marine environments due to the formation of sparingly soluble corrosion products on the surface. When Zn is alloyed with Al, the initial corrosion resistance decreases due to an increased number of pores. However, over extended exposure, these coatings exhibit excellent corrosion resistance as corrosion products fill the pores, providing barrier protection. Additionally, incorporating 5 wt.% Mg in Al coatings enhances bond adhesion and improves corrosion resistance in aggressive environments. To further reduce porosity and enhance corrosion resistance, the use of phosphate-based eco-friendly pore sealing agents is discussed. Optimizing the amount of phosphate during treatment is crucial, as it significantly reduces porosity and enhances corrosion resistance. Both insufficient and excessive amounts of phosphate can deteriorate the coating, while the optimal amount improves corrosion resistance over prolonged exposure to aggressive conditions.

Adhesive Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement Modified with Chitosan at Different Concentrations: An In Vitro Comparative Evaluation

Adhesive Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement Modified with Chitosan at Different Concentrations: An In Vitro Comparative Evaluation

Dentin Bonding Durability of Four Different Recently Introduced Self-Etch Adhesives.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the bonding durability of four different self-etch adhesives to dentin after 24 h and thermal cycling (TC) and to measure the degree of polymerization conversion (DC) in situ. Two-step self-etch adhesives, Clearfil SE Bond 2 (SE2, Kuraray Noritake Dental) and G2-Bond Universal (G2B, GC), and one-step self-etch adhesives, Scotchbond™ Universal Plus Adhesive (SBU, 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UBQ, Kuraray Noritake Dental), were used. The labial surfaces of bovine teeth were ground to create flat dentin surfaces. The adhesives were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. After resin composite buildup and 24 h water storage, the specimens were sectioned into beams and all groups were subjected to thermal stress for 0, 10,000 (10k), or 20,000 (20k) cycles followed by micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) testing. In situ DC was investigated with a laser Raman microscope. The µTBS data were statistically analyzed and subjected to a Weibull analysis. The different groups were compared at the characteristic strength (63.2% probability of failure) (α = 0.05). Two-Way ANOVA was used to show the effect of different adhesives and thermal cycling on the mean DC% followed by Tukey's multiple comparison post hoc test. G2B/TC10k resulted in a significant increase in the µTBS compared to TC0. SBU/TC20k showed significantly higher µTBS compared to TC0. For comparison between different tested adhesives, SBU showed a significantly lower µTBS compared to G2B after TC10k. G2B and SBU showed a greater number of adhesive failures after TC. Mean DC% was different for each adhesive. The newly developed MDP- and HEMA-free 2-SEA showed similar bonding performance with the gold-standard 2-SEA. However, there is still room for further improvement in terms of SEAs.

Variable stiffness performance analysis of layer jamming actuator based on bionic adhesive flaps

Soft actuators made of soft materials cannot generate precisely efficient output forces compared to rigid actuators. It is a promising strategy to equip soft actuators with variable stiffness modules of layer jamming mechanism, which could increase their stiffness as needed. Inspired by the gecko's the array of setae, bionic adhesive flaps with inclined micropillars are applied in layer jamming mechanism. In this paper, after the manufacturing process of the layer jamming actuator based on the bionic adhesive flaps is described, the equivalent stiffness models of the whole actuator are established in the unjammed and jammed states. And the shear adhesive force of a single micropillar is calculated based on the Kendall viscoelastic band model. The finite element simulation results of two bionic adhesive flaps show that the interlaminar shear stress and stiffness increase with the increase of pressure. The measurement of shear adhesive force show that the critical shear adhesive force of the bionic adhesive material is 3.2 times that of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material, and exhibit the ability of anisotropic adhesion behavior. The variable stiffness performance of the layer jamming actuator based on bionic adhesive flaps is evaluated by three test methods, and the max stiffness reaches 8.027 N mm-1, which is 1.5 times higher than the stiffness of the layer jamming actuator based on the PET flaps. All results of simulation and experiment effectively verify the validity and superiority of applying the bionic adhesive flaps to the layer jamming mechanism to enhance the stiffness.

DEM analysis of cohesive granular shear flow using dynamic adhesion force model – Model validation for contact-dominated regime

When the DEM simulations are performed, the particle stiffness of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is often reduced to reduce the computational cost. The Dynamic Adhesion/Cohesion Force Model (DAFM/DCFM) was proposed for adhesive/cohesive particles to make the effect of adhesion/cohesion force on the collisional motion of a particle with a reduced particle stiffness equivalent to that of the original system.This study validates the applicability of DCFM to the contact-dominated regime by means of a series of DEM simulations of two-dimensional simple shear flow of cohesive spherical particles. The results demonstrate that DCFM accurately represents the cohesive nature of the original system with respect to the fluid-to-solid phase transition of granular medium due to a reduction in shear rate, as well as the shear stress of the granular medium. It is demonstrated that the bond-breaking model proposed in the present study describes well the validity of DCFM in the contact-dominated regime.

Modeling static friction behavior of elastic–plastic spherical adhesive microcontact in full-stick condition

The static friction behavior of an elastic–plastic spherical adhesive microcontact between a rigid flat and a deformable sphere under combined normal and tangential loading is studied by the finite element method (FEM). The contact between the sphere and the rigid flat is assumed to be full-stick, and the sliding inception is related to a loss of tangential stiffness. The intermolecular force between the rigid flat and the sphere is assessed by the Lennard–Jones (LJ) potential, which is applied to the sphere and the rigid flat by a user subroutine. The evolution of the adhesive force with tangential displacement in the full-stick condition is revealed. The results indicate that the increasing effect of adhesive energy on the static friction coefficient gradually diminishes with an increase in the adhesive energy and the external normal load. Finally, based on an extensive parametric study, an empirical dimensionless expression is obtained to predict the static friction coefficient of the spherical adhesive microcontact considering the intermolecular force.

Experimental study of bond-slip relationships in high-performance self-consolidating concrete with plain steel bars

Self-consolidating concrete is being used more frequently in structures with high density of reinforcement bars or prestressing strands therefore, it is important to carefully consider whether bond stress-slip relations defined for normal strength concrete can be safely applied to high-strength and self-consolidating concrete. This paper aims to investigate the bond behaviour between plain steel bars and high-performance self-consolidating concrete, with a focus on studying the effect of embedment length and concrete compressive strength on bonding performance. The main parameters that were tested are the active bonded length and the compressive strength of the concrete. The value of adhesive bond stress is discussed, as a factor in determining whether the bar slips against the adhering concrete. Based on the results, it can be observed that the maximum bond stress tends to increase with higher concrete compressive strength, while it decreases with longer embedment length of plain steel bar. Conversely, the adhesive bond tends to increase with longer embedment length and higher concrete compressive strength. The experimental investigations indicate that the bond strength increases proportionally to the square root of the compressive strength of concrete, regardless of the concrete compressive strength. Furthermore, a new bond stress-slip model has been analyzed, which takes into account the initial bond strength (adhesive bond) and the lower convex property to predict the post-peak branch. The model has been compared to the test results, and good agreement has been achieved.

Enhanced Antifouling Capability of In Situ-Grown Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Nanodomains on Membrane Surface in the Ultralow Pressurized Ultrafiltration Process.

Although hydrophilic modification of the membrane surface is widely adopted, polymeric membranes still suffer from irreversible fouling caused by hydrophilic components in surface water. Here, an ultrathin hydrogel layer (40 nm) with hydrophilic-hydrophobic textures was in situ grown onto the polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane surface using an organic-radical-initiated interfacial polymerization technique. The interfacial polymerization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers ensured the molecular-scale distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanodomains on the membrane surface. These nanodomains, with their molecular lengths, facilitated dynamic repulsion interactions between the uniformly textured surface and foulant components with different degrees of hydrophilicity. Chemical force characterization confirmed that the adhesion force between the hydrophilic-hydrophobic textured membrane surface and foulants (dodecane, bovine serum albumin, and humic acid) was greatly reduced. Dynamic filtration experiments showed that a hydrophilic-hydrophobic textured membrane always possessed the largest water flux and the best antifouling performance. Furthermore, the foulant coverage ratio on the membrane surface was first evaluated by measuring changes in surface streaming potentials, which demonstrated a 69% reduction in the amount of foulant adhering to the hydrophilic-hydrophobic textured membrane surface. Therefore, the construction of hydrophilic-hydrophobic nanodomains on the membrane surface provides a promising strategy for alleviating membrane fouling caused by both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components during ultralow pressurized ultrafiltration processes.

Integrating Bioinspired Natural Adhesion Mechanisms into Modified Polyacrylate Latex Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives.

For polyacrylate latex pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), high peel strength is of crucial significance. It is not only a key factor for ensuring the long-lasting and effective adhesive force of polyacrylate latex PSAs but also can significantly expand their application scope in many vital fields, such as packaging, electronics, and medical high-performance composite materials. High peel strength can guarantee that the products maintain stable and reliable adhesive performance under complex and variable environmental conditions. However, at present, the peel strength capacity of polyacrylate latex PSAs is conspicuously insufficient, making it difficult to fully meet the urgent market demand for high peel strength, and severely restricting their application in many cutting-edge fields. Therefore, based on previous experimental studies, and deeply inspired by the adhesion mechanism of natural marine mussels, in this study, a traditional polyacrylate latex PSA was ingeniously graft-modified with 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (DHBA) through the method of monomer-starved seeded semi-continuous emulsion polymerization, successfully synthesizing novel high-peel-strength polyacrylate latex pressure-sensitive adhesives (HPSAs) with outstanding strong adhesion properties, and the influence of DHBA content on the properties of the HPSAs was comprehensively studied. The research results indicated that the properties of the modified HPSAs were comprehensively enhanced. Regarding the water resistance of the adhesive film, the minimum water absorption rate was 4.33%. In terms of the heat resistance of the adhesive tape, it could withstand heat at 90 °C for 1 h without leaving residue upon tape peeling. Notably, the adhesive properties were significantly improved, and when the DHBA content reached 4.0%, the loop tack and 180° peel strength of HPSA4 significantly increased to 5.75 N and 825.4 gf/25 mm, respectively, which were 2.5 times and 2 times those of the unmodified PSA, respectively. Such superior adhesive performance of HPSAs, on the one hand, should be attributed to the introduction of the bonding functional monomer DHBA with a rich polyphenol structure; on the other hand, the acetal structure formed by the grafting reaction of DHBA with the PSA effectively enhanced the spatial network and crosslink density of the HPSAs. In summary, in this study, the natural biological adhesion phenomenon was ingeniously utilized to increase the peel strength of pressure-sensitive adhesives, providing a highly forward-looking and feasible direct strategy for the development of environmentally friendly polyacrylate latex pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Quality deterioration of mashed potatoes during the freeze-thaw cycle: From the perspective of moisture and microstructure

This study aimed to simulate cold chain sales temperatures to predict the effects of temperature fluctuations on the physicochemical properties, moisture distribution, microstructure, and flavor of mashed potatoes. The results showed a decline in the hardness and chewability of mashed potatoes alongside the migration of water from bound water states to weakly bound states under freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) conditions. Microstructural analysis indicated that the adhesive forces between proteins and starch granules were weakened, and the structure of mashed potatoes particles was destroyed following FTC. The oxidation and degradation of fat induced by FTC increased the content of key compounds such as octanal and nonanal, thereby contributing to an overall deterioration in the flavor of mashed potatoes. This study elucidates the effects of FTC on water migration, microstructure, and flavor characteristics of mashed potatoes, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for improving the quality of prefabricated frozen mashed potatoes dishes.

Terahertz spectroscopy and effective medium theory for thickness measurement of adhesive bonds

This study deals with the characterization of multilayer adhesive structures via terahertz waves, particularly focusing on inversion analysis of the adhesive layer thickness. Terahertz-time-of-flight (THz-TOF), sensitive to the dielectric properties of materials, serves as an excellent device for non-destructive evaluation. Further, the transfer matrix method is introduced to simulate THz propagation through layered materials with various optical properties. An improved model iteration approach and particle swarm optimization algorithm are employed to effectively determine the adhesive layer thickness. This methodology utilizes effective medium theory (EMT), specifically for adhesive penetration into the cushion, thereby enhancing the thickness measurement accuracy. Among the various EMT models, the Lorentz-Lorenz (L-L) model is commonly regarded as the most effective one. An objective function based on combining the Pearson correlation coefficient and the root mean square error is proposed to refine the iterative inversion process. The results of this approach have been benchmarked with traditional THz-TOF calculations and computed tomography imaging, revealing that the proposed methodology is consistent with CT findings and outperforms conventional THz-TOF calculations.

Effective removal of aged protective coatings from natural heritage in yunyang using strong peelable hydrogels via enhanced interfacial interactions

Organic polymers such polyacrylates, silicones have been used to protect stone-based heritages. However, polymers degrade obviously with time which may lead to secondary damages to heritages. Removal of previously applied but now degraded polymers on stone surface becomes necessary for the long-term preservation of stone heritages. Current cleaning protocol is mainly based on dissolving or extraction of aged polymers by organic liquid, whose kinetics is dominated by the slow diffusion and dissolving processes at the interfaces. Such cleaning process is very time consuming and becomes almost not applicable in large area cleaning. In this work, peelable PVA-borate hydrogels are developed. Organic solvents are introduced to tune gel's mechanical strength and its interfacial adhesion strength. Aged polymer coating can be removed easily by mechanical peeling when appropriate adhesion forces between the gel and aged polymer coating are achieved. Such cleaning protocol has been successfully applied on a fossil wall around 1200 m2. Details, precautions and limitations of this protocol is discussed in this work.

Dual‐Modal Stretchable Sensing Patches for In Situ Monitoring of Electromyography and Acoustic Myography

AbstractElectromyography (EMG) and acoustic myography (AMG) play crucial roles in assessing muscle function, providing valuable insights into neural control, muscle activation, and fatigue levels. However, the current landscape reveals a gap in dual‐modal stretchable sensing patches, highlighting the need for comfortable and wearable solutions in the field of in situ monitoring of synchronous EMG and AMG sensing. In this work, a dual‐modal stretchable patch (DMSP) is developed that fully integrates a multi‐channel EMG electrode with AMG sensors. It possesses stable electromechanical properties even at strains exceeding 200%. With an overall modulus of under 40 kPa and a skin adhesion force surpassing 30 N m−1, the DMSP exhibits exceptional durability, enduring 1000 stretching cycles. The DMSP enables in situ simultaneous monitoring of EMG and AMG signals from sternocleidomastoid muscle during neck rotation where the mechanical strain reaches up to 30%. The DMSP proves instrumental in characterizing muscle activity, facilitating in‐depth research on muscle movement, and thus enhancing clinical outcomes in rehabilitation medicine and physical therapy.

Bioinspired Hierarchical T Structures for Tunable Wettability and Droplet Manipulation by Facile and Scalable Nanoimprinting.

Developing surfaces that effectively repel low-surface-tension liquids with tunable adhesive properties remains a pivotal challenge. Micronano hierarchical re-entrant structures emerge as a promising solution, offering a robust structural defense against liquid penetration, minimizing area fraction, and creating narrow gaps that generate substantial upward Laplace pressure. However, the absence of an efficient, scalable, and tunable construction method has impeded their widespread applications. Here, drawing inspiration from springtail epidermal structures, octopus suckers, and rose petals, we present a scalable manufacturing strategy for artificial micronano hierarchical T-shaped structures. This strategy employs double-transfer UV-curing nanoimprint lithography to form nanostructures on microstructured surfaces, offering high structural tunability. This approach enables precise control over topography, feature size, and arrangement of nano- and microscale sections, resulting in superamphiphobic surfaces that exhibit high contact angles (>150°) and tunable adhesive forces for low-surface-energy liquids. These surfaces can be applied to droplet-based microreactors, programmable droplet-transfer systems, and self-cleaning surfaces suitable for various liquids, particularly those with low surface tension. Remarkably, we have also succeeded in fabricating the hierarchical structures on flexible and transparent substrates. We demonstrate the advantages of this strategy in the fabrication of hierarchical micronanostructures, opening up a wide range of potential applications.

Mechanical characterisation and high temperature analysis of hyperelastic adhesives – Modelling and experimental validation

Adhesive bonds are subject to multiple environmental conditions that can affect their mechanical performance during service. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the influence of temperature on adhesive strength, as it can impact joint safety and should be considered during the design phase. This study presents an analysis of the effect of high temperatures on the mechanical behaviour of joints made with highly elastic adhesives, specifically a polyurethane and a silicon-modified polymer. Shear and tensile tests were conducted at temperatures of 23, 50, and 80 °C using dumbbell specimens for tensile tests and single lap specimens (SLJ) for shear tests. The tests were performed with two different substrates, aluminium (Al) and glass fibre reinforced polyester panel (GRP), and with varying adhesive thicknesses. These tests aim to assess the impact of temperature conditions on the mechanical properties of the adhesive and the behaviour of the joints. The analysis of the experimental results reveals that the adhesive degrades when exposed to high temperatures, resulting in reduced strength and stiffness, and less linear behaviour.Furthermore, this work involves the determination of a model able to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of hyperelastic adhesive at high temperatures, considering diverse constitutive modelling approaches. To achieve this, a testing protocol was conducted on basic uniaxial and planar specimens. The results indicate that the Ogden N=2 model is the most suitable for representing the non-linear behaviour of the hyperelastic adhesive at high temperatures. In contrast, the Mooney Rivlin model is more suitable to represent the material behaviour under ambient conditions. To conclude this work, the law has been satisfactorily validated by comparing the results of tests carried out on SLJ specimens with different adhesive thicknesses.

Quantitative analysis of intermolecular forces in cellulose microfibrils and hemicellulose with AFM nano-colloidal probes

It is an interesting research topic to study the interfacial interactions between hemicellulose and cellulose, specifically how hemicellulose's structure affects its binding to cellulose nanofibers. Our research proposes that dispersion interaction play an important role in this interfacial interaction, more so than electrostatic forces when considering the adherence of cellulose to xylan. To quantify these interactions, the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) colloidal probe technique is applied to measure the intermolecular forces between cellulose nanofibers, which are attached to the probe and xylan. These measured forces are then analyzed in relation to the length, diameter and functional groups of the nanocellulose, as well as the molecular weight and side chains of the xylan. Moreover, the predominance of dispersion forces by contrasting the adhesive forces before and after the grafting of a large nonpolar group onto xylan. This modification significantly reduces contact between the cellulose and xylan backbone, thereby markedly diminishing the dispersion interactions. Parallel to the AFM experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations corroborate the experimental results and support our hypotheses. Collectively, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of polysaccharide interactions within lignocellulose.

Geometric symmetry and mechanical behavior of Topologically Interlocked Material systems from skewed building blocks

Architectured materials are engineered materials with specific geometries and arrangements to exhibit desired mechanical properties. One class of architectured material is the Topologically interlocked material (TIM) system. In TIM systems, a plurality of convex particles is assembled under specific geometric constraints such that a load-carrying structure is obtained without the need for an adhesive bond between building blocks. Past investigations have considered TIM systems with building blocks and assemblies with a high degree of symmetry. Here the geometric constraints commonly imposed on the geometry of the system are relaxed. Two new types of skewed building blocks are introduced: one with only a rotational symmetry and no mirror symmetry, and one without rotational or mirror symmetry. These blocks are used to build even and odd-numbered assemblies and to create TIM systems with both mirror and rotational symmetry, rotational symmetry only, and no symmetry. A vector field representing the material architecture is introduced and demonstrated to connect architecture and mechanical behavior. It is demonstrated that load transfer patterns in the TIM system closely match the geometric symmetry. This allows for the demonstration of achiral and chiral mechanical behavior as represented by the presence of reaction moments for the centrally loaded square TIM assembly. The chirality of the building blocks manifests itself in the mechanical behavior of the TIM system only once the deflection of the system opens the contacts between building blocks such that building blocks accommodate deformation. Chiral building blocks diffuse the load from the central load path dominant in the TIM systems built from achiral blocks. This construction concept allows for simultaneous improvements in mechanical properties (strength and stiffness) solely from geometry.

Thermal behavior of adhesively bonded timber‐concrete composite slabs subjected to standard fire exposure

AbstractFire tests were performed for the first time on adhesively bonded timber‐concrete composite slabs. The two medium‐scale (1.8 × 1.25 m) slabs were produced by gluing an 80‐mm thick three‐layer cross‐laminated timber (CLT) board to a 50 mm thick prefabricated reinforced concrete (RC) slab with epoxy and polyurethane (PUR) adhesives, respectively. The behavior of the composite slabs under elevated temperature was monitored by (1) observing the burning behavior of the used CLT, for example, charring and delamination and (2) measuring the temperature development at different locations of the CLT slabs, in the adhesive bond between concrete and timber boards, and in RC slabs. It was found that employing a one‐dimensional charring model for pure softwood, as prescribed by Eurocode 5‐1‐2, underestimated the charring depth of CLT due to the delamination effects. Measurements revealed that the average charring rates in the middle layer of CLT panels were approximately 0.65 mm/min, suggesting that the presence of concrete does not significantly affect the thermal behavior of the CLT panel. Delamination within the CLT was observed when its adhesive temperature was around 230°C. It was followed by the free‐fall of delaminated wood plies, which progressed slowly and lasted until the end of the test. At 90 min into the test, the temperatures of epoxy at the nine locations ranged between 55°C and 130°, while that of PUR between 60°C and 100°. The adhesive between concrete and CLT could lose stiffness significantly along the rising of temperature after surpassing of glass transition temperature (58°C for epoxy and 23°C for PUR in this study). The results indicated a high risk of weakening the composite action between the concrete slab and timber board. The measured temperatures of steel rebar were lower than 50°C. However, the concrete temperature reached about 120°C and the concrete cracked due to the distinct thermal expansions between concrete and timber and the rigid constraint of adhesive bond.

Effective strategy for enhancing the activity and durability of gas diffusion electrode in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: In-situ growth of Pt nanowires on dual microporous layers

High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) suffer from high platinum (Pt) loading and limited lifetime issues due to the low Pt efficiency of the conventional electrode and poor durability of Pt/C catalyst under harsh operating conditions. Thus, dual microporous layer (MPL) structured gas diffusion layers were developed, utilizing formic acid reduction for the in-situ growth of Pt nanowires (NWs). The optimal ratio of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic MPLs was determined to be 1:1. The resulting Pt NWs gas diffusion electrode (GDE) achieved a significantly high Pt mass-specific peak power density, which was 2.48 times higher than the conventional Pt/C GDE. After accelerated degradation tests, the peak power density and the electrochemically active surface area of Pt NWs GDE decreased by 10.84 % and 4.47 %, respectively, significantly lower than those of the conventional Pt/C GDE. The superior activity and durability of Pt NWs GDE are attributed to its binder-free characteristic, the outstanding activity and stability of one-dimensional Pt NWs, and the strong adherent force between the in-situ grown Pt and the carbon substrate. This study provides a straightforward and effective strategy to reduce the Pt loading and enhance electrode durability, thereby facilitating the large-scale application of HT-PEMFCs.