Adhesion Of Coatings Research Articles

Glancing angle intermediate layer deposition approach for CVD diamond coating of high-speed steel substrates

This work demonstrates a new approach to the synthesis of highly adhesive diamond coatings on high-speed steel (HSS) substrates using a glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. The parameters of deposition of a molybdenum intermediate layer with a high level of surface roughness at a minimum layer thickness are determined. A maximum roughness of 38.1 nm with a minimum Mo layer thickness of 2 μm was achieved at an incidence angle of 15° and three sample positions. The duration of Mo sputtering at each rotation was 15, 10, 30 min. It is shown that a 2 μm Mo interlayer deposited by GLAD technique increases microcrystalline diamond film adhesion to HSS substrate compared to normally deposited Mo interlayer of the same thickness. The average delimitation area of the diamond film synthesized on a normally deposited molybdenum layer exceeds the corresponding parameter for the coating synthesized on the GLAD Mo layer by more than 8 times. Additionally, the process of diamond-Mo interlayer mechanical interlocking is also considered.

Adhesion of Varnish Coatings as a Background for Analogue and Digital Printing Technologies

In analogue and digital printing technologies, from 3 up to 12 layers of lacquer products are applied. Technological parameters significantly influence the adhesion in the coating system. This article refers to the analysis of the influence of selected technological parameters, such as the number of layers, energy doses distributed by the radiators, and line speed, on the topography and adhesion of varnish coatings formed in the process of varnishing with rollers and UV-curing systems. The appropriately prepared surface can be used as a background layer for the analogue and digital printing technology. Manufacturers must adapt the production process to the particular varnish to obtain finished products with the best possible performance properties. The state of surface free energy and finally adhesion can be assessed by theoretically determining the possibility of an adhesive bonding between the product and the substrate, taking into account the assumptions of the adsorption theory of adhesion and measurement of the contact angle (Θ). An experimental confirmation of adhesion measurements included removing the coatings from the substrate via stamps glued to the coating.

Investigating the effect of the degree of cross‐linking in styrene butadiene rubber on the performance of graphite anodes for the use in lithium‐ion batteries

AbstractCarboxymethyl cellulose/styrene butadiene rubber (CMC/SBR) has been proven to be an effective binder system for the use of graphite anodes within the lithium‐ion battery industry. However, often when this system is employed, there is no acknowledgement regarding the specific chemistry of the SBR used. This is an important omission because properties such as glass transition temperatures and tensile strengths are heavily dependent on the ratio of styrene to butadiene content and the degree of cross‐linking within the SBR. In this study, we investigate the impact of using styrene butadiene rubbers (SBRs) with different degrees of cross‐linking on the performance of graphite anodes. We demonstrate that SBRs with a higher degree of cross‐linking provide longer and more stable capacity retentions, than SBRs with a lower degree of cross‐linking. This was found to correlate with the adhesion and cohesion strengths of the electrode coatings, and the degree of electrolyte swelling the SBRs systems undertook. Overall, the findings from this study indicate that the degree of cross‐linking within the SBR impacts the overall performance of the battery.

Aging of Plasma-Activated Polyethylene and Hydrophobic Recovery of Polyethylene Polymers.

Available literature on the aging of plasma-activated polyethylene due to hydrophobic recovery has been reviewed and critically assessed. A common method for the evaluation of hydrophobic recovery is the determination of the static water contact angle, while the surface free energy does not reveal significant correlations. Surface-sensitive methods for the characterization of chemical composition and structure have limited applicability in studying the aging phenomenon. Aging is driven by thermodynamics, so it is observed even upon storage in a vacuum, and hydrophobic recovery increases with increasing temperature. Storage of plasma-activated polyethylene in the air at ambient conditions follows almost logarithmic behavior during the period studied by most authors; i.e., up to one month. The influence of the storage medium is somehow controversial because some authors reported aging suppression by storing in polar liquids, but others reported the loss of hydrophilicity even after a brief immersion into distilled water. Methods for suppressing aging by hydrophobic recovery include plasma treatment at elevated temperature followed by brief treatment at room temperature and application of energetic ions and photons in the vacuum ultraviolet range. Storing at low temperatures is a trivial alternative, but not very practical. The aging of plasma-activated polyethylene suppresses the adhesion of many coatings, but the correlation between the surface free energy and the adhesion force has yet to be addressed adequately.

3D Printed Tubulointerstitium Chip as an In Vitro Testing Platform.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) ranks as the twelfth leading cause of death worldwide with limited treatment options. The development of in vitro models replicating defined segments of the kidney functional units, the nephrons, in a physiologically relevant and reproducible manner can facilitate drug testing. The aim of this study was to produce an in vitro organ-on-a-chip platform with extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D)printing. The manufacturing of the tubular platform was produced by printing sacrificial fibers with varying diameters, providing a suitable structure for cell adhesion and proliferation. The chip platform was seeded with primary murine tubular epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The effect of channel geometry, its reproducibility, coatings for cell adhesion, and specific cell markers were investigated. The developed chip presents single and dual channels, mimicking segments of a renal tubule and the capillary network, together with an extracellular matrix gel analogue placed in the middle of the two channels, envisioning the renal tubulointerstitium in vitro. The 3D printed platform enables perfusable circular cross-section channels with fully automated, rapid, and reproducible manufacturing processes at low costs. This kidney tubulointerstitium on-a-chip provides the first step toward the production of more complex in vitro models for drug testing.

Unveiling the Effect of Particle Incorporation in PEO Coatings on the Corrosion and Wear Performance of Magnesium Implants

Magnesium has been a focal point of significant exploration in the biomedical engineering domain for many years due to its exceptional attributes, encompassing impressive specific strength, low density, excellent damping abilities, biodegradability, and the sought-after quality of biocompatibility. The primary drawback associated with magnesium-based implants is their susceptibility to corrosion and wear in physiological environments, which represents a significant limitation. Research findings have established that plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) induces substantial modifications in the surface characteristics and corrosion behavior of magnesium and its alloy counterparts. By subjecting the surface to high voltages, a porous ceramic coating is formed, resulting in not only altered surface properties and corrosion resistance, but also enhanced wear resistance. However, a drawback of the PEO process is that excessive pore formation and porosity within the shell could potentially undermine the coating’s corrosion and wear resistances. Altering the electrolyte conditions by introducing micro- and nano-particles can serve as a valuable approach to decrease coating porosity and enhance their ultimate characteristics. This paper evaluates the particle adhesion, composition, corrosion, and wear performances of particle-incorporated coatings applied to magnesium alloys through the PEO method.

Controlling adhesion and thermal stability of tetrahedral amorphous carbon coatings with intermediate sp3C fraction

Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings with an intermediate sp3C fraction were deposited on single-crystal silicon wafer substrates via intermittent filtered cathode vacuum arc (FCVA) deposition. The ta-C layer thickness and sp3C fraction in the coatings were adjusted using the deposition duration and bias voltage applied to the substrate, respectively. Some of the coated specimens were annealed at 300 and 600 °C for 4 h in a 5-Pa vacuum. The morphologies and microstructures of the specimens were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The hybridization of carbon atoms was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical characteristics of the coatings, including the critical adhesion load between the coatings and substrates, residual stress in the coatings, and hardness, were characterized. For the specimens deposited by the same bias voltage, even their top ta-C layer thickness ranged from approximately 500 nm to 1500 nm, their residual compressive stress in the coatings was maintained at a low value by the intermittent deposition of FCVA, which varied slightly with the coating thickness. The adhesion strength was improved by increasing the thickness of the as-deposited coating from approximately 12 to 40 N. The residual compressive stress of the post-annealing specimens with sp3C fraction of 45–53.8 % exhibited monotonously increasing or V-shaped variation with increasing annealing temperature. Herein, the underlying mechanisms are discussed in detail.

Modeling of Contact Interaction of Two-Layer Bodies Taking into Account Adhesion and Rheological Properties of Coating or Substrate Materials

Modeling of Contact Interaction of Two-Layer Bodies Taking into Account Adhesion and Rheological Properties of Coating or Substrate Materials

Optimization of cold spray process parameters to maximize adhesion and deposition efficiency of Ni+Al2O3 coatings

The paper considers the conducted study of the complex effect of low-pressure cold spraying parameters, namely the nozzle inlet temperature, stand-off distance, and powder feed rate on the adhesion and deposition efficiency of coatings from a Ni+Al2O3 powder on VT3-1 titanium alloy substrate. Based on predetermined information, the main levels and intervals of factor variation were selected. The dependence of the adhesion and deposition efficiency on the selected variables was approximated by a second-order polynomial. In accordance with the developed matrix of the experiment (central compositional design), a coating of the studied powder was deposited. The average value of these parameters was determined using standard methods for studying the adhesion strength (ASTM C603) and the deposition efficiency for thermal spray coatings. Based on the results of experimental data, regression equations were obtained for adhesion and deposition efficiency. For the purpose of checking the adequacy of the model, an analysis of variance was performed. It was confirmed that the obtained empirical dependences can be used to predict the adhesion and deposition efficiency of cold spraying of coatings from a Ni+Al2O3 powder on VT3-1 titanium alloy in the specified ranges of values of spraying parameters. Multi-factor optimization of the spraying parameters in order to obtain maximum values of adhesion strength and deposition efficiency was performed using the response surface methodology in the Stat-Ease 360 software. Three-dimensional and contour graphs of the dependence of the adhesion and deposition efficiency on the studied parameters were developed from the obtained empirical models. The optimal combination of parameters of low-pressure cold spraying, which ensures the maximum adhesion (34.78 MPa) and deposition efficiency (29.46%) of the Ni+Al2O3 coating mixture, is the nozzle inlet temperature—537 °C, stand-off distance—11 mm, and powder feed rate—0.6 g s−1.

Theoretical Studies of Coating Adhesion under Gas-Thermal Powder Spraying

Theoretical Studies of Coating Adhesion under Gas-Thermal Powder Spraying

Characteristics of silver-dopped carbon nanotube coating destined for medical applications

Carbon nanotubes are materials demonstrating outstanding mechanical, chemical, and physical properties and are considered coatings of titanium implants. The present research is aimed to characterize the microstructure and properties of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) layer decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy destined for long-term implants. The electrophoretic deposition of coatings was performed in a two-stage process, at first at 0.25 wt. pct. of MWCNTs, and next at 0.30 wt. pct. of Ag NPs content in the bath. The SEM, EDS, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation tests, nano-scratch test, wettability assessments, and corrosion tests were carried out. The effects of the presence of Ag NPs onto the MWCNTs coating were observed as the roughness increased to 0.380 µm and thickness to 5.26 µm, the improved adhesion and corrosion resistance, the water contact angle of 62.94°, the decreased nanohardness, Young`s modulus and resistance to plastic deformation under load, and slightly improved adhesion. The obtained results can be explained by a specific two-layer structure of the coating, in which the Ag NPs agglomerates create the coating less porous and permeable, but softer structure. Future research will focus on the improvement of the adhesion of the component coatings in different ways.

Evaluation of theoretical models describing the scratch adhesion test based on experimental results

ABSTRACT The article presents theoretical analyzes and results of research work on the verification of a commonly used method for measuring the adhesion of thin hard and superhard coatings applied to the blades of cutting tools made of various materials. The paper contains descriptions of the scratch adhesion test, taking into account, inter alia, interfacial shear stress model, energy model and friction model. This method of measuring the adhesion of the coating to the substrate has been presented in theoretical analyzes as a means of transmitting the appropriate amount of mechanical force or energy necessary to detach the coating from the substrate. The article discusses three approaches to describe the scratch adhesion test. The presented approaches concern: 1) “delivering” the critical shear stresses in the transition layer between the coating and the substrate according to the Benjamin and Weaver model, 2) “providing” additional elastic energy according to the Lauger model (according to the energy balance equation), 3) taking into account the criterion of deformation and matching of the coating to the substrate in the place of the indentation in the Burnett and Rickerby model by using the interfacial restraint parameter . The above-mentioned theoretical models have been experimentally verified for coatings deposited on substrates (cutting blades) made of high-speed steel, sintered carbides, white (oxide) tool ceramics, black tool ceramics (mixed, oxide-carbide), and cubic boron nitride. The tests of the adhesion force were performed with the use of proprietary equipment. This device is equipped with two channels for acoustic wave measurement by using a sound level meter and vibration measurement by a piezoelectric transducer. The adhesion force at which detaches the coating from the substrate was estimated by measuring the actual value of the amplitude of the vibration acceleration signal, its absolute value and the vibration signal intensity. The obtained values were verified using images from the profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the final part of the article, the described models were verified on the basis of own experimental research and conclusions were formulated resulting from the analyzes and comparisons made. So far, mentioned models have not been assessed in terms of which of them allows the most accurate determination of the actual value of the critical load for the selected coating-substrate system. This was done in this article on the basis of own research. This innovative approach is a basic achievement.

Electrophoretic coating of magnesium oxide on microarc-oxidized titanium and characterization of in vitro antibacterial activity and biocompatibility

Titanium (Ti) orthopaedic implants modifed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) are satisfactory in biocompatibility but prone to risks of infection. Antibacterial but still biocompatible coatings are required for these devices. Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles have been reported to be toxic to a variety of bacteria and relatively safe to cells in vitro. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a fast and convenient technique for depositing nanoparticle-based coatings while retaining their nano-particular nature. Conversely, MAO creates a possible surface topography for the the mechanical adhesion of EPD coatings. Therefore, the present study investigated EPD of MgO coatings on MAO-treated Ti and evaluated in vitro antibacterial properties and biocompatibility. MgO coatings were prepared on micro-arc oxidized Ti (MAO-Ti) by electrophoretic deposition for 15 to 60 s. After culture with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) for 24 h, the MgO-coated samples reduced the bacterial numbers by 81 % to 98 % (vs. MAO-Ti) in a dose-dependent manner. Crystal violet staining confirmed significant reduced biofilm formation on MgO-coated samples. In in vitro osteoblast culture, samples treated by EPD for 45 or 60 s were cytotoxic (viability<70 %) on days 1 and 3, but all samples became non-cytotoxic on day 5. Moreover, MgO-coated samples increased in vitro mineralization of rat pre-osteoblasts. These results indicate that, MgO coatings prepared by EPD may provide reasonable in vitro antibacterial activities and cytocompatibility.

Variability of the Moroccan sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.): Contribution of the morphological parameters and qualitative descriptors of the nut

The areas occupied by the common chestnut tree, Castanea sativa Mill. are continuously declining on an international scale. In Morocco, the chestnut trees are present in a restricted geographical area in the North and remains relatively unknown in the rest of the kingdom. This study represents the first contribution to the characterization and the evaluation of phenotypic similarities among Moroccan populations of Castanea sativa Mill. through univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of quantitative parameters and qualitative descriptors of fruits. The analysis was conducted on 13,455 fruits from 299 trees distributed across 31 populations from three regions. Ten qualitative descriptors were evaluated: nut shape (NSh), nut size (NSz), area of pubescence on upper part (AP), area of hilum (AH), shape of border line of hilum and pericarp (BSh), color of skin (CSk), glossiness (Gl), kernel color (CKr), coat adherence to kernel (CoA), and kernel inner-cavity (KC). In addition, the number of fruits/cupule (N/B), the number of fruits/kilo (N/K), and the average weight of fruits (W) were measured along with 11 quantitative parameters: nut length (NL), nut width (NW), nut thickness (NT), hilum length (HL), hilum width (HW), NL/NW, NT/NL, NT/NW, NW/HL, HW/NT, and HW/HL. The results of statistical analysis conducted on the 24 quantitative and qualitative parameters studied (ANOVA and SNK mean comparison test) demonstrated a very highly significant intra and inter-population variability for all the studied parameters. The correlation matrix analysis of the 12 quantitative parameters reveals a strong correlation between the fruit and hilum measurements, specifically NL, NW, NT, HW, and HL. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and UPGMA analyses have shown the structuring of the 31 populations subdivided into two groups with subgroups, indicating significant diversity. The overall results highlighted a high genotypic variability of Moroccan populations of the chestnut trees and can be used to develop programs that aim to preserve the existing genetic variability of the chestnut tree and establish an in-situ collection of genetic resources in a geographically restricted area in the North of Morocco.

High anticorrosion performance of polyvinyl butyral/carbonized polyaniline/modified titanium dioxide composite coating

In this study, carbonized polyaniline (CPANI) and modified TiO2 (TiO2-KH550) were mechanically blended and added to polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coating as anti-corrosion fillers to obtain a PVB/CPANI/TiO2-KH550(PCTK) composite coating, and the corrosion resistance of the coating on 304SS was investigated. The composites and composite coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to verify the reaction between KH550 and TiO2 and the compatibility of the composites with the coatings. The surface morphological characteristics of the composites were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy, and the results showed that the composites were homogeneously dispersed. In addition, the mechanical properties and adhesion of the composite coatings were tested with an adhesion rating of 5B. Electrochemical tests were used to explore the anti-corrosion properties of the composite coatings, and the results show that the composite coating with a composite content of 3.5% has the largest low-frequency impedance and the smallest corrosion rate in different corrosive environments. In a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, the composite coating protects the substrate for up to 314 days. This study may provide new possibilities for the application of polyaniline derivatives in the field of anticorrosive coatings.

Surface preparation of aluminum by atmospheric-pressure plasma jet for suspension plasma sprayed ceramic coatings

Surface preparation is a key step preceding the deposition of suspension plasma spray (SPS) coatings, a type of thermal spray coatings. This work evaluates the effect of surface preparation by atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment on the adhesion of SPS-deposited Al2O3 ceramic coatings on aluminum (Al-2024) substrates. For comparison, the substrate surfaces were also prepared by grit-blasting. Surface roughness (R) parameters and surface morphology of both grit-blasted and APPJ-treated substrates were characterized by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, surface chemistry was evaluated by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Based on morphological analyses, the grit-blasted surfaces exhibit typical random peaks and valleys, whereas those subjected to APPJ treatment show self-organized patterns with multilayered and multiscale features. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy analyses also demonstrated a significant difference in surface chemistry for both surface preparation types. After the characterization of both types of prepared substrates, SPS coating was deposited on the substrates under two spray conditions. One spray condition demonstrated poor adherence of the coatings for both types of the prepared substrates; the other spray condition produced coatings with good adherence. The microstructures of the coating were evaluated for both spray conditions. The Adhesion strength of the coating was evaluated for the condition, which produced a coating with good adhesion. ASTM-C-633 pull test protocol was followed for the adhesion evaluation, and the pull test revealed significant adhesion improvements when the surface was prepared by APPJ. Improved adhesion strength was linked to the surface morphology and also to the surface chemistry of the surface prepared by APPJ. In addition, splat morphology was investigated on both grit-blasted and APPJ-treated substrates to correlate the improved adhesion.

The Use of Polyurethane Composites with Sensing Polymers as New Coating Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Chemical Sensors—Part I: Analysis of the Coating Results, Sensing Responses and Adhesion of the Coating Layers of Polyurethane–Polybutylmethacrylate Composites

The sensing layers for surface acoustic wave-based (SAW) sensors are the main factor in defining the selectivity and reproducibility of the responses of the sensor systems. Among the materials used as sensing layers for SAW sensors, polymers present a wide range of advantages, from availability to a large choice of chemical-sensing environments. However, depending on the physical–chemical properties of the polymer, issues about the chemical and mechanical stability of the sensing layer have been reported that can compromise the application of sensor systems in the long-term. The sensor properties are defined basically by the properties of the coating material and the quality of the coating process. The strategy used to improve the properties of polymeric coating layers for SAW technology involved the use of polyurethane (PU) in combination with a second polymer that is responsible for the sensing properties of the resulting layer; this is obtained by a reproducible and robust coating procedure. In this first part of our research, we used polymer composites of different compositions of polybutylmetacrylate (PBMA) as the sensing polymer with polyurethane. The analysis of the coating (ultrasonic parameters), the relative sensor responses and the adhesion results for the PU–PBMA composites were determined. The ultrasonic analysis and the relative sensor responses showed very reproducible and precise results, indicating the reproducibility and robustness of the coating process. Accurate correlations between the results of the ultrasonic parameters due to the coating and the relative sensor responses for the organic analytes analyzed were obtained, showing a precise quantitative relationship between the results and the constitution of the composite coating materials. The composites show practically no significant sensor responses to water. The PU–PBMA composites substantially enhanced adhesion to the surface of the piezoelectric sensor element in comparison to the coating with pure PBMA, without loss of its sensing properties. Other PU–polymer composites will be presented in the future, as well as an analysis of the selectivity for the organic analytes for these types of coating materials.

Lamellar particle self-assembling of graphene oxide into continuous thin and thick films by automated atmospheric pressure plasma jet deposition

This work shows the achievement of obtaining graphene oxide coatings deposited under ambient conditions using the plasma jet technique at atmospheric pressure in an automated system with robotic arms. Graphene oxide nanoparticles in an aqueous solution were sonicated to obtain a colloidal solution. This was projected in an ultrasonic mist perpendicularly through an air plasma of about 260 °C. The primary process parameters were deposition time, speed, concentration, and distance to obtain coating thickness from about 100 nm to microns. These were homogeneous and adherent coatings on aluminum, steel, glass, and polymers (PMMA and polycarbonate), showing similar characteristics on all these substrates. The highlight of this contribution is transforming nanometric thickness flakes into continuous layers with chemical bonding to surfaces with contrasting characteristics such as those mentioned. The GO obtained layer differs from those obtained by spin-coating, dipping, drop-casting, or electrophoretic deposition. We propose that APPJ eliminates OH radicals around the particles, allowing them to self-assemble by connecting them through bonds. This work probes the feasibility of depositing horizontally/vertically self-assembled GO on polymers and aluminum in a modular industrial facility. This achievement opens the possibility of transferring the characteristics of graphene oxide to surfaces for industrial use, making nanotechnology accessible for social benefit.

Fabrication and characterization of electrospun porous cellulose acetate ultrathin fiber coatings incorporating essential oil

Bacterial adhesion has become a significant problem in industry and in the domestic domains due to causes loss of capital, labor, and energy worldwide. Microbial resistance to biocides and antimicrobials is a major concern, and several applications have been designed to prevent and inhibit bacterial adhesion. Therefore, there has recently been a demand for materials having antibacterial properties that contain active components which do not cause antibiotic resistance. Among them, integration of essential oils with micro/nano fibers as green and safe antimicrobial compounds was considered to have potential. For this reason, in this study, coatings containing St. John’s wort oil (SJWO) onto porous cellulose acetate ultrathin fiber (pCA_UF) were produced and the antibacterial and antifouling activities were evaluated. The average fiber diameter of 1356.37 ± 496.89 µm and the pore diameters of 413.91 ± 173.52 µm analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the thickness of the coatings was found as 226 ± 35 µm. Attenuated Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) indicated a physical type of interaction between SJWO and pCA_UF. Contact angle (CA) results confirmed the presence of SJWO on the pCA_UF decreased the hydrophobicity from 160 ± 16° to 74 ± 2°. pCA_UF-SJWO coatings showed a reduction in adherent bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, compared to the glass substrate and pCA_UF coatings. Overall, the data supports the use of ultrathin fiber with essential oil coatings for bacterial adhesion.

Preparation of Cold Sprayed Titanium TA2 Coating by Irregular Powder and Evaluation of Its Corrosion Resistance

Titanium coating on a steel substrate by surface technology can improve the corrosion resistance of steel. In this paper, the titanium TA2 coating was deposited on X80 steel by cold spraying equipment with a low-cost irregular powder. The effects of the carrier gas temperature on the microstructure, microhardness, wear resistance, adhesion and corrosion resistance of titanium coatings, especially in a deep sea environment, were studied by methods of porosity analysis, thermal field emission scanning analysis, energy spectrum analysis, Vickers hardness tests, bonding strength tests, friction and wear tests and electrochemical tests. The results showed that as the carrier gas temperature increased from 300 °C to 900 °C, the porosity of the coating decreased to 0.93%, and the hardness and bonding strength of the coating increased to 247 HV0.5 and 46.7 MPa, respectively. With the increase in hydrostatic pressure from 0.1 MPa to 40 MPa, the dimensional blunt current density of the titanium coating with 0.93% porosity was still in the order of 10−7 A·cm−2 with the cast titanium TA2.