Adequate System Research Articles

DRAINAGE AND ERODABILITY: INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR SYNTHESIS AND NEW RESEARCH RESULTS RELATED TO FIELD PERFORMANCE

This scientific article provides a comprehensive summary of the International Seminar on Drainage and Erodability at the Concrete Slab-Subbase-Shoulder Interface, held in Paris in March 1983. The seminar, attended by engineers from various European countries and the United States, discussed recent research and new results concerning the drainage and erodability of pavement structures. The discussions covered a range of topics including the impact of drainage systems on extending pavement service life, the interaction of water with pavement structures, and the crucial role of subbase erodability in pavement deterioration. Key findings from the seminar underscore the significance of implementing adequate drainage systems to improve the longevity of both new and existing pavements. Erodability of materials, especially at the subbase level, was identified as a pivotal factor in the overall durability of pavement structures. Research presented at the seminar indicated that proper drainage could significantly mitigate the degradation processes, particularly in heavy traffic scenarios and adverse climatic conditions. The paper synthesizes the evolution of new concepts in pavement engineering and emphasizes the need for further studies on the interplay between drainage, material erodability, and pavement design. It calls for enhanced collaboration among researchers to refine the design procedures for pavement drainage systems, aiming to maximize the effective service life of road infrastructures. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)

Baitul Hikmah Pusat Keemasan Ilmu Pengetahuan Dinasti Abbasiyah

The Islamic Abbasid Dynasty experienced progress in the field of Education which was advanced, solid, complete and well integrated supported by an adequate education system at that time. Baitul Hikmah which became the center of scientific development, especially mathematics (Al-Khwarizmi), astronomy (Al-Biruni), and medicine (Ibn Sina) which became an intellectual center and packaging period during the Abbasid Dynasty. This study uses a systematic literature review research method with a qualitative descriptive research approach through literature review or literature studies, journals, articles, and books that discuss Baitul Hikmah during the Abbasid Dynasty. The results of this study show that Baitul Hikmah was a library and translation center during the Abbasid Dynasty located in Baghdad. In addition, Baitul Hikmah has a considerable role in developing Islamic civilization, even at that time Islam experienced its heyday "The golden age of Islam".

The Impact of Shift Work on Nurses' well-being and Patient Care Excellence in Inpatient Settings

The reviewed document extensively examines the impact of shift work (SW) on nurses’ health and patient care quality in inpatient settings. Shift work, especially night shifts, has been associated with significant disruptions to nurses’ circadian rhythms, leading to adverse outcomes such as sleep disturbances, chronic diseases, psychological stress, and decreased cognitive function. These health challenges correlate with diminished patient care quality, manifesting in errors, poor communication, and delayed treatments. The study emphasizes the necessity of addressing these issues through organizational policies and interventions. Strategies such as optimized scheduling, stress management, and adequate support systems are proposed to mitigate the negative effects of SW, ensuring nurse well-being and sustained healthcare quality.

Perlindungan Data Pribadi di Era Digital Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022

This study examines the concept of personal data as a privacy right from the perspective of human rights and legal protection under Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). Utilizing doctrinal legal research methods, the study finds that the PDP Law regulates personal data protection both preventively and repressively. Preventive measures include the obligation of data controllers to maintain data security through adequate systems and transparent data management practices. Meanwhile, repressive measures encompass administrative and criminal sanctions, as well as mechanisms to address violations of the legal protections stipulated in the PDP Law. However, the implementation of these protections faces significant challenges, particularly in law enforcement. The absence of a dedicated institution to enforce sanctions and oversee the implementation of the PDP Law represents a major obstacle to ensuring effective personal data protection. Therefore, the establishment of an independent supervisory authority is essential to optimize law enforcement. This study concludes that strengthening regulations through the creation of a specialized institution will not only significantly enhance legal protection for personal data in Indonesia but also bolster public trust in navigating the increasingly complex challenges of the digital era

Herbal Medicine in India Metanalysis and Clinical Approaches

Traditional herbal medicines include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products that contains as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations. Clinical trials of traditional herbal medicines are carried out with herbal preparations only after standardization and identification of markers to ensure that the substances being evaluated are always the same. It is very important to assess the direct and indirect risks associated with traditional herbal medicines. This can only be established once safety and efficacy of herbal medicines are being proven during clinical trials. There are various concerns over the clinical trial designs in India. It has been observed that during clinical trials various problems are being observed such as Batch to batch variation, use of placebo instead of innovative product, in adequate quality control system, inadequate requirement for the assessment of safety and efficacy for different types of herbal medicines and difficulty in quantification due to complex nature of extract. This review focuses on the current status of clinical trials of traditional herbal medicines in India and an attempt has also been made to review the problems encountered during conduction of clinical trials and suggestions and recommendations are also provided to ensure that the clinical trials can be conducted with safety and efficacy.

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA

This research examines the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in mathematics education through a systematic analysis of 27 research journals. The study focuses on the implementation of PBL in enhancing critical thinking abilities, problem-solving skills, mathematical literacy, as well as student motivation and learning outcomes. Meta-analysis results indicate that PBL has significant positive effects on critical thinking abilities in mathematics learning (g=0.769) and science (g=1.122). Comparative studies suggest that PBL is more effective than conventional learning in improving critical thinking skills and learning motivation. Several classroom action research studies report improvements in learning mastery and student mathematics achievement following PBL implementation. However, PBL implementation also faces challenges such as student passivity, teacher readiness, time management, and difficulties in achieving Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) indicators. The development of PBL-based learning tools and interactive media shows promising results in enhancing learning effectiveness. This research concludes that PBL is an effective approach for developing higher-order thinking skills and conceptual understanding in mathematics, although its success depends on teacher readiness and adequate learning system support.

Lighting in broiler poultry houses: optimization for growth, welfare and sustainability

Broiler production plays a crucial role in the global economy, directly impacting sectors such as exports, imports and the economies of the countries that consume and produce this important source of animal protein. However, the relevance of this sector goes beyond the economic aspects, encompassing issues related to the health and welfare of the birds, which directly influence their productivity and quality. Among the various factors that affect broiler performance, lighting stands out as an essential element, with the potential to impact both the behavior and development of the birds, directly interfering with productive efficiency. This study explores poultry farming with a focus on the importance of adequate lighting systems, considering their effects on poultry health and growth, as well as the associated economic impacts. Efficient lighting can improve the quality of life of animals, optimizing their development and contributing to the sustainability of production. On the other hand, failures in this aspect can cause significant damage, compromising both production and animal welfare. By addressing these interrelationships, this paper seeks to reinforce the need for practices that balance productivity, sustainability and respect for the living conditions of broiler chickens, promoting advances in the poultry industry.

Rotations of teeth-a systematic review.

Rotations are frequently evaluated through various assessment methods of crowding and arch dimension, with relatively few studies discussing the extent or direction of rotations and even fewer addressing the reliability of such assessments. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze existing classification systems for rotated teeth and assess rotation in anterior and posterior teeth, its clinical applicability, and its impact on retention and relapse. Two investigators conducted a comprehensive search in six databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, LILACS, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL, up to 28 March 2024. No specific start date was defined to ensure the inclusion of all relevant studies from the inception of each database, maximizing the comprehensiveness of our review. The search criteria included retrospective studies and the inclusion criteria were patients who were assessed for rotation in any age group. The exclusion criteria were patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment, who had fractured restorations or crowns, or who had any other tooth anomaly. In total, 10 studies satisfying the inclusion criteria were included and 9 provided quantitative outcomes for the rotation of various teeth, while the remaining study offered qualitative results. The risk of bias assessment was performed with the help of the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment tool. The skeletal Class II and Class III groups exhibited similar average positions of the first molar. Upper molar rotation was primarily observed in dental Class II patients, with a higher mesial rotation angle of 78.6°. Only one study measured the rotation for all permanent teeth. Seven studies used the mid-palatal raphe as the reference line for measuring molar rotation. No gender differences were found. It was found that there was no statistical significance in the mean values of molar rotation for the right and left sides as well as the maxillary and mandibular arches. The incisors demonstrated the highest degree of rotation (7.4°-20.2°), while the premolars and canines exhibited a slightly lower degree of rotation (3.3°-9.2°). In contrast, the molars displayed the lowest degree of rotation (0.8°-7.4°). After reviewing all the studies, it was found that there is no adequate classification system to assess the rotation of anterior teeth and mandibular teeth. A universally accepted classification of tooth rotation, including a common reference line, is needed. The existing systems for posterior teeth need to be standardized and have a clinical utility to be widely accepted. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024524654, PROSPERO (CRD42024524654).

Why depository institutions, with or without affiliated securities firms, can and should manage employee use of personal devices for work-related communications

This paper shows how the failure to monitor for and prevent off-channel communications poses risk to traditional depository institutions that are not subject to the jurisdiction of securities-law regulators and shows how those institutions can mitigate that risk. US securities regulators have cracked down on broker-dealer, investment-adviser and futures commission merchant employees' use of unapproved personal devices and applications for business communications, imposing over US$2.8bn in penalties between December 2021 and April 2024. However, because there have not, at the time of writing this paper, been similar enforcement actions against traditional depository institutions that do not have securities affiliates, many traditional banks without securities affiliates have continued with business as usual. Nonetheless, the OCC has recognised that electronic communications can constitute records that must be retained pursuant to specific rules and that banks' failure to maintain adequate record retention systems in general can create significant reputation, transaction, credit and compliance risks. This paper aims to illuminate those risks and offers suggestions about how to address them.

Modification of Flood Hazard Assessment in Pemaluan River: Case Study of Pemaluan Village, Penajam Paser Utara Regency

Abstract Flooding occurs when river water overflows its channel or inundates low-lying areas without adequate drainage. Heavy rainfall, reduced drainage or river capacity, topography, land use change and tidal influence are all factors that cause flooding. The socio-economic and developmental impacts of this disaster in Indonesia are significant. One of them is in Sepaku District, Penajam Paser Utara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The Sanggai Watershed is a watershed located in Penajam Paser Utara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, where there is an area that has been designated as the new National Capital to replace Jakarta. The Sanggai watershed has 7 (seven) rivers that flow into Balikpapan Bay, namely Trunen, Semuntai, Sanggai, Sepaku, Semoi, Pemaluan, and Baruangin. Pemaluan Sub Watershed, with an area of 124.43 km2 is in the Sanggai Watershed and is drained by the Pemaluan River. The Pemaluan River often experiences flooding due to high rainfall intensity, long rain duration, low culvert capacity, river narrowing and the absence of an adequate drainage system that inundates residential areas, provincial roadside areas resulting in environmental, community and economic losses. Especially in terms of flood management, the above problems need attention. Since there is no previous research that discusses flood hazard assessment in the area, this study aims to conduct a flood hazard assessment with an approach that emphasizes inundation review in detail quantitative flood hazard classification with flood hazard mapping, flood inundation will be simulated with 2D flow area and unsteady flow data availability using HECRAS 6.5 software. Referring to the NADM parameter criteria with a high category which has an area of 6.22 Km2, while in MPWH with a very high category which has an area of 3.46 Km2.

Design and implementation of IoT-based motorcycle keyless ignition and starter using RFID and Blynk

Motorcycles are one of the most widely used means of transportation in the community. However, this widespread usage has led to an increase in thefts, especially when motorcycles are not equipped with adequate security systems. Statistical data shows that motorcycles have the highest theft rate compared to other vehicles. To address this issue, an enhanced security system is necessary. This study proposes the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor and the Blynk application to provide additional security for motorcycles. The RFID system will only be accessible using the motorcycle owner's e-KTP (electronic Indonesian Identity Card) or other registered cards to start the vehicle. Additionally, the Blynk mobile application allows for vehicle control (ON and OFF) via Wi-Fi and provides real-time monitoring of the vehicle's status. This application enables motorcycle activation remotely via Wi-Fi, with a range of approximately 10 meters. Meanwhile, there is a 4-second delay to start the motor starter using e-KTP. Test results indicate that this IoT-based keyless ignition and starter system is effective in enhancing motorcycle security. With this system, motorcycles have a dual-layer security mechanism to minimize theft attempts.

Estimating adult mortality based on maternal orphanhood in populations with HIV/AIDS

In countries without adequate death registration systems, adult mortality is often estimated using orphanhood-based methods. The HIV pandemic breaches several assumptions of these methods, for example, by increasing the correlation between maternal and child survival. Using microsimulations we generated 1,152 populations facing HIV epidemics and evaluated different orphanhood-based estimates against the underlying mortality rates. We regressed survivorship probabilities on proportions of respondents with surviving mothers, adjusting for trends in seroprevalence and coverage of antiretroviral therapy, to obtain new coefficients. We tested the different methods on survey and census data from 16 African countries with high HIV prevalence. We found that the original orphanhood method underestimates mortality during an AIDS epidemic, but better estimates can be obtained using new coefficients applied to synthetic measures of maternal survival. The resulting estimates agree well with those of the United Nations Population Division. Orphanhood-based estimates can fill data gaps in adult mortality, including in countries with high HIV prevalence.

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) in Türkiye: Evaluating Existing Aviation Laws and International Practices

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has emerged as a solution to transport challenges such as traffic congestion, environmental impacts, and lack of adequate public transport systems in urban areas. As the interest in UAM objects such as electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft (eVTOL) is increasing, it is important to understand whether the current regulations are sufficient to address the sui generis difficulties of this brand new technology. This article examines the adequacy of Türkiye's current legal framework to ensure the safe, effective, and sustainable integration of UAM. This article analyses Türkiye's existing aviation legislation, in particular the Turkish Civil Aviation Law and the instructions issued by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and examines their applicability to UAM. The article discusses various regulatory gaps such as the lack of standards specifically designed for UAM, inadequate safety, environmental and operational regulations, and unclear guidelines on airspace integration. The article also discusses various UAM regulations prepared by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), and the approaches of pioneer countries in this area, such as the US, Germany, and Japan. Through a comparative analysis, it demonstrates the key lessons learnt from these international practices and presents suggestions for improving Türkiye's regulatory environment. The study emphasises the need for targeted reforms, introduction of specific standards, and a new regulative framework to foster the successful integration of UAM. The findings aim to contribute to the establishment of a solid legal framework to ensure that Türkiye is prepared for the future of UAM.

The Development Of Charging System Infrastructure For Electric Vehicles

The increasing use of electric vehicles (EV) requires adequate and efficient charging system infrastructure. One of the main things is the electric vehicle (EV) battery charging system. This research aims to develop a charging system infrastructure for EVs using a DC to DC converter. The system is designed to ensure safety, efficiency and compatibility with a wide range of EVs. The system is also capable of producing voltage from 12 volts to more than 60 volts, which is enough to charge electric vehicle batteries. Correlation analysis simulations with MATLAB and experimental testing were carried out to evaluate the performance of the charging system. This circuit can charge batteries with voltage variations from 12 volts to 60 volts which are widely used in electric vehicles. The results of correlation analysis show that there is a correlation between charging current and charging time. Where the greater the charging current, the faster the charging time. The temperature of the battery when charging must also be paid attention to so that overheating does not occur which can damage the battery cells.

Вплив червоного та синього електромагнітного випромінювання на каталазну активність зародків в’юна Misgurnus fossilis L.

Photobiomodulation therapy is widely used to treat various pathological conditions. This therapy is based on the use of monochromatic light radiation. The light of the visible spectrum induces different biological effects at the molecular and cellular levels, both therapeutic and toxic. The obtained effect depends on the length of radiation, exposure, etc. One of the possible mechanisms of such influence is the regulation of pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. In order to clarify the mechanism of action of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of different spectral composition, catalase (CAT) activity was investigated in germ cells of loach Misgurnus fossilis L. during embryogenesis. Since, loach embryos are an adequate system that reflects the physiological state of the cell both under normal conditions and as a result of the influence of various pharmacological, physical and chemical agents. The resulting zygotes were irradiated (10 min) with blue and red LEDs (λ = 460 and 660 nm, respectively). The activity of CAT was determined by the ability of hydrogen peroxi­de to form a stable colored complex with molybdenum salts. It was established that EMR of the red spectrum has the most pronounced biological effects and caused significant changes in catalase activity during embryogenesis relative to control and blue light. The maximum increase of the indicator occurs at the stage of 16 blastomeres, and at the stage of 8 and 10 divisions, a gradual decrease in enzymatic activity is observed. Irradiation by the light of the blue spectrum lasting 10 min did not cause significant changes in catalase activi­ty relative to the control at the early stages of loach embryogenesis. The obtained results suggest that CAT, one of the key enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, undergoes photoactivation under the influence of red light.

Personal dignity: emerging threats

In connection with the growing role of the information space, the emergence of new security threats, and the transformation of the institution of human rights, it became necessary, through the prism of the traditional understanding of the category of “dignity” and “right to dignity” in the humanities, to highlight current problems of legal regulation of the right to dignity, to its protection and protection, as well as identify current trends in the legal protection of personal dignity. Dignity is a complex category in the institution of individual rights, which is a direct expression of human value, the core, source and meaning of all fundamental rights, as well as a qualitatively necessary component of their implementation and protection. A broad base of normative regulation and protection of the right to dignity makes it possible to identify system-forming norms and institutions within the framework of constitutional law, based on which it is possible, taking into account modern trends and threats to human rights in general and the right to dignity in particular, to build an adequate system for protecting personal dignity

Machine Learning Model for Predicting Walking Ability in Lower Limb Amputees.

Background/Objectives: The number of individuals with lower limb loss (LLL) is rising. Therefore, identifying the walking potential in individuals with LLL and prescribing adequate prosthetic systems are crucial. Various factors can influence participants' walking ability, to different extents. The aim of the present study was to apply machine learning methods to develop a predictive mode. This model can assist rehabilitation and limb loss care teams in making informed decisions regarding prosthesis prescription and predicting walking ability in individuals with LLL. Methods: The present study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study encompassing 104 consecutively recruited participants with LLL (average age 62.1 ± 10.9 years, 80 (76.9%) men) at the Medical Rehabilitation Clinic. Demographic, physical, psychological, and social status data of patients were collected at the beginning of the rehabilitation program. At the end of the treatment, K-level estimation of functional ability, a Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and a Two-Minute Walking Test (TMWT) were performed. Support vector machines (SVM) were used to develop the prediction model. Results: Three decision trees were created, one for each output, as follows: K-level, TUG, and TMWT. For all three outputs, there were eight significant predictors (balance, body mass index, age, Beck depression inventory, amputation level, muscle strength of the residual extremity hip extensors, intact extremity (IE) plantar flexors, and IE hip extensors). For the K-level, the ninth predictor was The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Conclusions: Using the SVM model, we can predict the K-level, TUG, and TMWT with high accuracy. These clinical assessments could be incorporated into routine clinical practice to guide clinicians and inform patients of their potential level of ambulation.

The performance of renewable-rich wholesale electricity markets with significant energy storage and flexibility

This work investigates the technical and financial performance of deeply decarbonised wholesale electricity markets with uncertain variable renewable generation (VRG), uncertain demand and different types of flexibility. It first finds that different combinations of power reserves (i.e. power generation capacity) and energy reserves (i.e. energy storage capacity), can achieve adequate system reliability at similar total costs. However, use of only energy reserves never achieved adequate system reliability, and this looks to be a fundamental challenge to the reliability of systems with only energy reserves but no power reserves. Two independent aspects of wholesale market operations are then found to be the main determinants of system reliability: the length of the unit commitment (UC) schedule prior to dispatch and the degree of operational uncertainty of VRG during dispatch.It is then argued that reliable, least cost and efficient wholesale markets with dominant renewables need acceptably low levels of operational uncertainty of VRG, sufficient flexibility in generation and/or demand, and UC schedules that are significantly longer than the longest energy storage durations present. Rather than suggesting that innovation in market design is required, these results therefore suggest that different technical approaches should have important, future roles. These include mitigating the operational uncertainty of VRG via several potential means as well as flexible generation, battery storage of a few hours duration and flexible electrolysis. Long duration energy storage, however, may challenge market performance and all participants’ returns even if it supports system reliability.

A look across the borders: Swiss vs. Italian future special education Teachers' perspectives on inclusive education

AbstractTeachers play a key role in the implementation of inclusive education. Many studies investigate cross‐country differences in teacher perceptions of inclusive education, but there is a research gap in investigating the perspectives of special education teachers. This study examines attitudes, concerns, self‐efficacy and intentions of Italian (n = 180) and Swiss (n = 221) special education teacher students (SETS). Despite many similarities, Italian SETS held more positive beliefs, had fewer concerns regarding workload, and had higher intentions to use inclusive practices than Swiss SETS. No differences were found in self‐efficacy to use inclusive instructions, managing student behaviour, or collaboration. Apart from inclusive legislation and policies, which might account for more positive attitudes, fewer concerns, and higher intentions to use inclusive practices in Italian SETS, absence of differences in efficacy‐beliefs point to the importance of adequate support systems and teacher training in both countries. More research investigating the roles and perspectives of special education teachers across different inclusive education systems is necessary.

Winter Cover Cropping in Sustainable Production Systems: Effects on Soybean and Synergistic Implications for Rhizosphere Microorganisms.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of winter cover crops (CCs) on soybean agronomic performance and their implications for different physiological groups of rhizosphere microorganisms in two sustainable production systems. The production techniques for rye, peas, and oats are well known, but their suitability as CCs for soybean (organic and low-input) production needs to be examined. After two years of trials, soybean yields among the two tested winter CCs (peas and oats (P + O) and rye (R)) were statistically significant only for P + O. The soybean yield in succession to P + O as winter CCs was 3.0 t ha-1, whereas in succession to R, it was 2.7 t ha-1, and in the control plot, it was 2.6 t ha-1. The average soybean grain protein content was in the range of 40 to 41% dry matter (DM), while the oil content ranged from 20 to 22% DM. Protein and oil content primarily depends on the selected soybean variety and it is confirmed through this study that, in the studied system, we can obtain adequate grain nutritional quality. The results indicate an increase in the abundance of total bacteria, ammonifiers, and free N2-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere, depending on the selected CCs, and differences between the tested production systems. According to this study, winter cover crops (CCs), including peas and oats (P + O) and rye (R), can be included in crop rotation for soybean. CCs can be the answer to agro-biodiversity empowerment in less diverse soybean cropping systems, along with other benefits that CCs can provide at the level of crop rotation. In addition, in almost all aspects of the study, organic production was ahead of low input. Low input is an adequate production system if there are no opportunities for organic certification and for producers who are aware of the advantages of sustainable systems, and it can also represent a transitional path towards regenerative agriculture or organic production.