Adequate Sleep Duration Research Articles

Younger age, higher father education level, and healthy lifestyle behaviors are associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in school-aged children

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MDiet) in school-aged children in Turkey and explore the associated factors with high adherence to the MDiet. MethodThis cross-sectional was conducted with 2693 school-aged children. Sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected using a questionnaire. Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) was used to evaluate adherence to the MDiet. Body weight, height, neck, waist, and hip circumference were measured. Dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h food consumption record. ResultsOf the 2693 children, 29.5% had high, 53.9% had moderate, and 16.6% had low adherence to the MDiet. Primary school children had significantly higher adherence to the diet than secondary school children. Adherence to the MDiet was higher in children whose fathers were university graduates. There were no significant differences in sex, body mass index (BMI), or anthropometric measurements according to MDiet adherence. The high adherence group had a significantly higher intake of protein, fiber, vitamins C, B1, B6, B2, folate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, potassium, and calcium, but lower carbohydrate intake compared with the low/moderate adherence group. Higher adherence to the MDiet was associated with adequate sleep duration (≥9 to <12 h) (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–2.78), whereas poor/moderate adherence was associated with age (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73–0.87) and screen time (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40–0.63). Children who reported engaging in regular physical activity were more likely to have higher MDiet adherence (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16–1.85). ConclusionThe results of this study showed that >50% of the children presented moderate MDiet adherence. Younger age, adequate sleep duration, engaging in regular physical activity, less screen time, and higher education level of fathers were associated with higher adherence to the diet.

Healthy lifestyles in relation to cardiometabolic diseases among schoolteachers: A cross‐sectional study

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to explore the associations of adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) among schoolteachers in China.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis among 2983 teachers (aged 39.8 ± 9.3 years, 73.8% women) in Zhejiang Province, China. A healthy lifestyle score (0–7) was constructed based on seven low‐risk factors: healthy diet, noncurrent smoking, noncurrent drinking, regular exercise, normal body mass index (BMI), adequate sleep duration, and limited sedentary behavior. CMDs included self‐reported hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between healthy lifestyle and CMD.ResultsA total of 493 (16.5%) participants had at least one CMD, with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes being the three leading CMDs. Each point increment in a healthy lifestyle score was associated with 20% lower odds of having CMD (p‐trend &lt; 0.001). Compared with 0–3 low‐risk factors, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.66 (0.50–0.88) for 4 low‐risk factors and 0.51 (0.39–0.67) for 5–7 low‐risk factors. We observed independent associations for normal BMI (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.40–0.63), noncurrent drinking (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36–0.77), and limited sedentary behavior (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62–0.96) in relation to CMD. Healthy diet (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.55–1.01) exhibited marginally significant association with CMD.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle is associated with lower odds of CMD among schoolteachers.

The Impact of Longitudinal Patterns of Adolescent Sleep Duration on Adult C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Waist-To-Height Ratio, and Body Mass Index (BMI) Among Black and White Individuals

PurposeTo assess the impact of longitudinal adolescent sleep duration on adult C-reactive protein (CRP), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and body mass index (BMI) by race. MethodsParticipants (N = 2,399; Mage = 15.7; 40.2% male; 79.2% White, 20.8% Black; Grades 7-12 at Wave I) from the Add Health database provided self-reported sleep duration in Waves I-IV.During Wave V, CRP, WtHR, and BMI were objectively measured. Trajectory analysis was performed using a group-based modeling approach. Chi-square test determined racial differences between groups. General linear models determined relationships between trajectory group, race, and group/race interaction with Wave V CRP, WtHR, and BMI. ResultsThree sleep trajectories emerged: Group 1 “shortest” (24.4%), Group 2 “stable recommended” (67.6%), and Group 3 “varied” (8%). Black individuals and older individuals were more likely to be in Group 1 compared with Group 2. Regardless of race, individuals with patterns of sleep duration increasing to above what is recommended across waves (Group 3) had elevated CRP. Individuals with stable patterns of adequate sleep (Group 2) had lower WtHR. Black individuals with consistently stable patterns of adequate sleep duration had lower BMI compared to those with low sleep duration. DiscussionBlack individuals were more likely to obtain chronically short sleep during the transition from adolescence to adulthood, highlighting a significant health disparity. Poor longitudinal sleep predicted elevated CRP and WtHR. Sleep only impacted BMI for Black individuals. This may relate to racial differences in BMI measurement.

The association between nutritional status and sleep quality of Chinese community-dwelling older adults.

Sleep disorders are a common syndrome and could affect the life quality of the older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status and sleep quality in the Chinese community-dwelling older adults. A total of 2,878 participants ≥ 65years old from the Yiwu Elderly Cohort were included in the study. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Participants were categorized as subjects with malnutrition, at risk of malnutrition or well-nourished based on their MNA-SF score. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to identify sleep disorders. PSQI score ≥ 6 was categorized as poor sleep quality. Among the 2,878 participants (mean age 72.71 ± 5.79years, 50.3% men), 31.5% (n = 906) were classified as having sleep disorders, and 25.5% were identified as malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. We found a significantly relationship between nutritional status and sleep quality in older adults, and the results showed well-nourished decreased the risk of sleep disorders (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.75). And well-nourished status was significantly associated with less daytime dysfunction, adequate sleep duration, and good subjective sleep quality (all P < 0.05). There was a close association of nutritional status and sleep quality in older adults. We should pay more attention to the nutritional status of older people with sleep problems, as well as the sleep quality of older adults with malnutrition.

Association between eating disorders and sleep duration among college students: Findings from the National Healthy Minds study

Objectives Explore associations between eating disorders (EDs) and sleep duration and the impact of depression symptoms (DSs) in American college students. Participants College students from 2018 to 2019 Healthy Minds Study. Methods Multivariate logistic regression evaluated associations between EDs (bulimia, anorexia, binge eating [BED]) and sleep duration. Stratified analyses assessed effect modification by DSs and gender. Results Students reporting any eating disorder had no greater risk of not recommended sleep duration during weekdays compared to those with no eating disorder history (Adjusted OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89-1.13). However, subjects reporting BED were at greater risk of deficient sleep during weekends compared to those with no EDs (Adjusted OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01-1.58). This association was not impacted by DSs. However, all EDs were associated with not-recommended sleep duration among those who identified as other gender identity in comparison to those with no EDs. Conclusion Health educators should monitor academic performance in students with EDs for adequate sleep duration.

Association between Sleep Duration and Colorectal Adenomas: Findings from a Case-Control Study in Vietnam.

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide and in Vietnam. Adenomas are important precursors of colorectal cancer. Study on the association between sleep duration and development of colorectal adenoma (CRA) is limited, particularly among Vietnamese population. We conducted an individually matched case-control study of 870 CRA cases and 870 controls in a large-scale colorectal screening program involving 103,542 individuals ages ≥40 years old in Hanoi, Vietnam. Sleep duration was categorized in three groups: short: ≤6 hours/day, normal: 7 to 8 hours/day, and long: >8 hours/day. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between sleep duration and adenomas risk after controlling for potential confounders. Overall, short-sleep duration was associated with increased risk of having CRA compared with normal duration [OR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12-1.97]. This pattern was present in both females (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14-2.18) and males (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08-1.93), with advanced adenomas (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.38) and non-advanced adenomas (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.19-2.32). Furthermore, the association between CRA development and short-sleep duration was more apparent among females who were nondrinker, nonobese, physically active, with proximal or both sided adenomas and with cardiometabolic disorder. Among males, the short-sleep duration was associated with CRA risk among never-smoking, cardiometabolic disorders, and obese. Short-sleep duration was associated with increased prevalence of both advanced and non-advanced CRAs among Vietnamese population. Findings from this study showed that maintaining an adequate sleep duration may have an important implication for colorectal adenoma prevention and control.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Sleep Duration on The Incidence of Obesity in Children under Five in Central Jakarta and The Review of Islamic Perspective

Introduction: The excessive buildup of fat, known as obesity, can negatively affect health. In 2020, there will be 38.9 million overweight children under the age of five worldwide. 7.8% of toddlers in DKI Jakarta are fat, compared to 7.04% in central Jakarta. A variety of factors cause obesity. The two most important factors are insufficient sleep time and physical exercise. Methodology: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The study population was toddlers in Sawah Besar District, Central Jakarta, a total of 70 people. Results: The results showed that 33 people (47.1%) were ordinary, four people (5.7%) were at risk of being overweight, three people (4.3%) were fat, and 30 people (42.9%) were obese. Moderate physical activity was found in 15 people (50%) normal and 15 people (50%) obese. At the same time, physical activity is less, with as many as 18 people (45%) ordinary and 22 people (55%) obese. Found adequate sleep duration in 21 people (63.648%) were ordinary, and 12 (36.36%) were obese. At the same time, the rest period is seen in as many as 12 people (32.43%) normal and 25 people (67.57%) obese. P=0.810 and p=0.016 show differences in physical activity and sleep duration in obese toddlers. Conclusion: In toddlers in the Sawah Besar District of Central Jakarta, there is a meaningful association between sleep duration and the incidence of obesity (p=0.016) and no relationship between physical activity and the incidence of obesity (p=0.810) with an Odd Ratio value of 1.222.

Sleep quality and memory performance in a lifespan sample of racially/ethnically diverse adults

AbstractBackgroundWhile studies have shown that Non‐Latinx Black and Latinx adults sleep less and more poorly than Non‐Latinx White adults, the cognitive consequences of poor sleep in Non‐Latinx Black and Latinx adults are understudied. Moreover, it is unclear if negative factors that disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minorities, including discrimination, may result in racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between sleep and cognition. We hypothesized that poorer quality sleep and inadequate sleep duration (e.g., short or long sleep) is associated with poorer memory performance, and the strength of these associations would differ by racial/ethnic group.MethodOur analysis included non‐Latinx Black, non‐Latinx White, and Latinx participants across the adult lifespan recruited from the community of Northern Manhattan as a part of the Offspring study. Participants self‐reported their sleep duration and quality over the past month using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which we used to calculate global sleep quality. We evaluated memory with the Buschke Selective Reminding Task. We used general linear models to estimate mean differences in sleep duration and quality for racial/ethnic groups. We used multivariable regression to estimate relationships of sleep duration and quality with delayed recall in the total sample and stratified by racial/ethnic group. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and years of education.ResultBlack and Latinx adults reported lower sleep duration and poorer quality sleep than Non‐Latinx White adults. In the overall sample, higher quality sleep was associated with better delayed recall performance. We also found linear and quadratic relationships between sleep duration and delayed recall. Taken together, high quality sleep and adequate sleep duration was linked with better delayed recall. Stratified analyses revealed that these effects were strongest in the Latinx group and were not present among non‐Latinx Black and non‐Latinx White participants.ConclusionNon‐Latinx Black and Latinx adults report lower sleep duration and poorer sleep quality compared to Non‐Latinx White adults. We observed stronger associations between poor sleep quality and sleep duration and memory performance in Latinx adults. Future work will determine which psychosocial factors (e.g., social support, discrimination) underlie racial/ethnic sleep disparities and mediate racial/ethnic differences in the cognitive consequences of poor sleep.

0176 Predictors of sleep duration among university students in Japan: Cross-cultural insights for developing sleep health interventions

Abstract Introduction Inadequate sleep among university students, especially in Japan, contributes to low academic performance and mental health challenges. Sleep health, including adequate sleep duration and quality, may serve a protective role in promoting performance and full participation in daily life. We sought to identify factors explaining sleep duration in Japanese college students as potential targets for culturally sensitive sleep health promoting intervention. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study of university students in Japan in 2021; N = 362 completed validated Japanese versions of the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire, Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale, and Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep. Indicators of sleep and PSQI subscales (except sleep duration), personality, depression, anxiety, time use, and participation quality were included in multivariate logistic regression modeling to explain less healthy (6 hours or less) versus healthier (more than 6 hours) sleep duration. Results Students were 20.0 (SD = 1.3) years, 86.4% female with a mean sleep duration of 400 (SD = 67) minutes. The mean PSQI score was 4.8 (SD = 2.5) indicating good sleep quality, though 41.4% of the sample reported sleeping 6 hours or less and these persons had lower sleep quality (PSQI; d = 1.20) compared to longer sleepers. Logistic regression explained category assignment (Chi-square = 68.978, df = 8, p &amp;lt;.001; Nagelkerke R-squared = .234). Longer sleepers were more likely to report greater sleep efficiency, less frequent sleep disturbances, lesser daytime dysfunction, shorter commuting times, a morning-like chronotype, greater participation quality, and a less agreeable personality type. Interestingly, longer sleepers reported less effective sleep hygiene practices. Conclusion Short sleep was common and associated with poor sleep quality. Longer sleepers were more likely to report optimal sleep health indicators and greater participation quality (i.e. engagement in meaningful activities). Counter-intuitive sleep hygiene findings indicate potential cultural variation in sleep timing, pre-sleep arousal, and environment regulation as targets for intervention. Sleep health promotion intervention should consider personality, chronotype preference and time use (e.g. meaningful activities, commuting) as factors promoting or inhibiting sufficient sleep duration and quality in university students. Support (if any) Fulbright U.S. Scholar Award to Japan

Association between weekend catch-up sleep and hyperuricemia with insufficient sleep in postmenopausal Korean women: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Hyperuricemia is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Efforts to lower the risk of hyperuricemia in various ways are needed as the prevalence of these diseases increases in postmenopausal women. Studies have shown that one of these methods is associated with adequate sleep duration, which is related to a low risk of hyperuricemia. Considering that it is difficult for people to get enough sleep in modern society, this study hypothesized that weekend catch-up sleep could be an alternative. To our knowledge, no past study has investigated the relation between weekend catch-up sleep and hyperuricemia in postmenopausal women. Hence, the aim of this research was to estimate the relation between weekend catch-up sleep and hyperuricemia with insufficient sleep in postmenopausal women during weekday or workday. This study included 1,877 participants extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII. The study population was divided into weekend catch-up sleep and non-weekend catch-up sleep groups. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were derived using multiple logistic regression analysis. Weekend catch-up sleep had a significantly lower prevalence of hyperuricemia after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio, 0.758 [95% confidence interval, 0.576-0.997]). In a subgroup analysis, weekend catch-up sleep of 1 to 2 hours was significantly correlated with a lower prevalence of hyperuricemia after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio: 0.522 [95% confidence interval, 0.323-0.845]). Weekend catch-up sleep had a decreased prevalence of hyperuricemia in postmenopausal women with sleep deprivation.

Evaluation of weekend catch-up sleep and weekday sleep duration in relation to metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

This study aimed to evaluate whether or notthe relationship between weekday sleep duration and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) differs according to weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) in Korean adults. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2020, including that regarding weekday sleep duration, weekend CUS, MetS components, and confounding factors such as sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and illness-related factors, were evaluated in Korean adults aged 19 to 80years. Complex-sample logistic regression was applied after adjusting for confounding factors. Among 24,313 adults, the prevalence of MetS was lowest in individuals with 6-7h of sleep on weekdays and CUS ≥ 2h (17.7%, reference group). The interaction between weekday sleep duration and weekend CUS for MetS was significant. Compared to the reference group, the prevalence of MetS was higher in those who slept < 7h and had a maximum CUS of 1h (aORs, 1.42-1.66), and in those who slept ≥ 9h and had a maximum CUS of 2h (aORs, 1.28-1.82). In subjects with no CUS or CUS ≥ 2h, the prevalence of MetS was greater even in those with adequate weekday sleep duration (7- 9h) than in the reference group (aORs, 1.37 and 1.64, respectively). Weekend CUS may help individuals with short weekday sleep duration reduce their odds of developing MetS, but it may worsen the condition in individuals with a long weekday sleep length.

Influence of sleep duration and sex on age-related differences in heart rate variability: Findings from program 4 of the HAIE study

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important marker of cardiac autonomic regulation and health. We examined the influence of sleep duration and sex on HRV in younger and middle-aged adults. Cross-sectional data (888 participants, 44% women) were analyzed from Program 4 of the Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment study (HAIE). Sleep duration was measured across 14 days using Fitbit Charge monitors. Short-term EKG recordings were used to evaluate HRV in the time (RMSSD) and frequency domains (low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power). Regression analysis showed age was associated with lower HRV across all HRV variables (all P < 0.001). Sex was a significant predictor for LF (β = 0.52) and HF (β = 0.54; both P < 0.001) in normalized units. Similarly, sleep duration was only associated with HF in normalized units (β = 0.06, P = 0.04). To explore this finding further, participants within each sex were separated into groups based on age (<40 and ≥ 40y) and adequate sleep duration (<7 and ≥7 h). Middle-aged women with sleep durations <7 h, but not ≥7 h, had lower HRV than younger women after adjusting for medications, respiratory frequency, and cardiorespiratory fitness (peak VO2). Middle-aged women with sleep durations <7 h also had lower RMSSD (33 ± 2 vs. 41±4 ms, P = 0.04), HF power (5.6 ± 0.1 vs. 6.0 ± 0.1 log ms2, P = 0.04), and HF in normalized units (39 ± 1 vs. 48 ± 2, P = 0.01) than middle-aged women with sleep durations ≥7 h. In contrast, middle-aged men irrespective of sleep duration had lower HRV than younger men. These results suggest that adequate sleep duration may positively influence HRV in middle-aged women but not men.

Effect of Work-Life Balance, Telecommuting, Job Satisfaction, Sleep Duration, and Stress Management on the Physical and Mental Health of Overseas Workers in Jakarta

This study examined the effect of work-life balance, telecommuting, job satisfaction, sleep duration, and stress management on the physical and mental health of workers outside the Jakarta area. 400 workers were taken as samples in the survey, and regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results showed that work-life balance, telecommuting, job satisfaction, sleep duration, and stress management were all significantly associated with physical and mental health. In particular, better work-life balance, telecommuting, job satisfaction, longer sleep duration, and effective stress management practices are linked to better physical and mental health. The findings suggest that organizations should prioritize policies and procedures that support work-life balance, telecommuting, job satisfaction, adequate sleep duration, and stress management to improve their workers’ physical and mental health.

Hubungan antara durasi tidur dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak: sebuah tinjauan sistematis

Background: Obesity in children is a serious health problem with a rapidly increasing global prevalence. Children with obesity are at high risk of developing several metabolic diseases as adults. Studies show that short sleep duration is a risk factor for obesity. Short sleep duration will affect the diurnal rhythm and disrupt homeostasis and energy metabolism. This systematic review aims to determine the relationship between sleep duration and obesity in children. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out by literature searching on PubMed and Google Scholar using the PRISMA diagram and based on the eligibility criteria in selecting literature. The study was limited to the last five years (2017-2021). Studies that met the criteria were included in the analysis. Results: There were 17 studies included in the analysis with cross sectional studies, prospective cohorts and clinical trials study designs regarding the relationship between sleep duration and obesity in children. All studies show a strong association between sleep duration and obesity in children and adolescents. The underlying mechanism is short sleep duration affects the balance of hormones controlling hunger and appetite so that appetite increases and causes excess energy intake, resulting in obesity. Children with short sleep duration are 2-4 times more prone to obesity compared to children with normal sleep duration. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sleep duration and obesity in children and adolescents. Adequate sleep duration is recommended to prevent obesity and the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract MP46: Higher Daytime Fruit, Vegetable, and Carbohydrate Intake is Associated With Less Fragmented Nighttime Sleep in Adults With Adequate Sleep Duration

Introduction: Population studies show an association between higher quality diets and better sleep quality. Some clinical intervention studies have supported an influence of diet on sleep but have primarily examined specific foods and not complete dietary patterns. In a previous study, we showed that higher intakes of fiber and lower intakes of sugar and saturated fat were associated with deeper, less disrupted sleep. However, this was examined over a single day and night. In this study, we used multiple days of dietary records and sleep, assessed by actigraphy, to determine the temporal associations between dietary intakes during the day and sleep on the subsequent night. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that consumption of a diet higher in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, and whole grains, components of a Mediterranean diet, would predict better sleep quality. Methods: We examined habitual sleep patterns and self-reported diet in 34 adults (28 men and 6 women, 50% racial/ethnic minority, age: 28±7 years, BMI: 19.8-33.7 kg/m 2 ) who participated in 2 separate studies aimed at assessing the influence of diet and meal timing on sleep and energy balance. Diet was assessed using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour (ASA-24) Dietary Assessment Tool. Sleep during the subsequent night was assessed using wrist actigraphy. Participants provided an average of 6.0±1.5 d of diet and accompanying sleep data. Sleep quality was estimated using the sleep fragmentation index (SFI), a measure of sleep disruption, expressed as the ratio of the number of awakenings to the total sleep time in minutes. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the relationship between dietary intakes during the day and sleep fragmentation during the subsequent night. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and total energy intake. Results: On average, participants consumed 2085±743 kcal, 94±43 g protein, 84±38 g fat, 233±89 g carbohydrate, 21±11 g fiber, 329±154 mg magnesium, 3±2 cups fruits and vegetables, 1±2 oz nuts/seeds, and 8±7 tsp added sugar per day. Average total sleep time and sleep efficiency were 423±70 min and 89±6%, respectively; SFI was 17±9. Consumption of more fruits and vegetables (β(SE)=-0.60(0.29), P=0.04) and carbohydrates (β(SE)=-0.02(0.007), P=0.02) was associated with lower SFI, indicative of less disrupted sleep, during the subsequent night. Also, trends for inverse associations with SFI were observed for fiber (β(SE)=-0.1(0.06), P=0.08), magnesium (β(SE)=-0.007(0.004), P=0.09), and vegetable intake (β(SE)=-0.72(0.39), P=0.07). Conclusion: In adequate sleepers, consumption of a diet higher in fruits, vegetables, carbohydrates, fiber, and magnesium, was associated with less fragmented sleep. These results suggest that diets rich in these nutrients, such as the Mediterranean and DASH diets, might play a role in promoting better sleep quality. Future intervention studies are warranted.

Understanding the Impact of Insufficient Sleep in Children with Behavior Problems on Caregiver Stress: Results from a U.S. National Study.

Research indicates strong connections between child ADHD, child ODD/CD, and sleep. Children experiencing these concerns also have caregivers who report feeling more stress. However, no studies have examined how child ADHD and ODD/CD interact together and with insufficient sleep to potentially exacerbate caregiver stress. Data were acquired from the 2018/2019 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative survey of parents or caregivers conducted across the United States (U.S.). The current study used data for children 6-17 years old with a final analytic sample size of 41,541, representing a total of 47,357,862 U.S. youth. Overall child ADHD and ODD/CD were each uniquely associated with increased caregiver stress, while adequate child sleep duration was related to decreased caregiver stress. However, these findings were qualified by a significant two-way interaction that revealed that caregiver stress among children with comorbid ADHD and ODD/CD was not significantly greater than that of children with ODD/CD alone. Significant interactions between sleep and ODD/CD on caregiver stress were generally not observed, except potentially in females with ADHD. Our findings underscore the importance of considering strategies to reduce both youth symptoms and caregiver stress simultaneously. Additionally, ensuring adequate sleep for all children is recommended.

Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine Position Paper on Patient Sleep During Hospitalization.

This article addresses the issue of patient sleep during hospitalization, which the Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine believes merits wider consideration by health authorities than it has received to date. Adequate sleep is fundamental to health and well-being, and insufficiencies in its duration, quality, or timing have adverse effects that are acutely evident. These include cardiovascular dysfunction, impaired ventilatory function, cognitive impairment, increased pain perception, psychomotor disturbance (including increased fall risk), psychological disturbance (including anxiety and depression), metabolic dysfunction (including increased insulin resistance and catabolic propensity), and immune dysfunction and proinflammatory effects (increasing infection risk and pain generation). All these changes negatively impact health status and are counterproductive to recovery from illness and operation. Hospitalization challenges sleep in a variety of ways. These challenges include environmental factors such as noise, bright light, and overnight awakenings for observations, interventions, and transfers; physiological factors such as pain, dyspnea, bowel or urinary dysfunction, or discomfort from therapeutic devices; psychological factors such as stress and anxiety; care-related factors including medications or medication withdrawal; and preexisting sleep disorders that may not be recognized or adequately managed. Many of these challenges appear readily addressable. The key to doing so is to give sleep greater priority, with attention directed at ensuring that patients' sleep needs are recognized and met, both within the hospital and beyond. Requirements include staff education, creation of protocols to enhance the prospect of sleep needs being addressed, and improvement in hospital design to mitigate environmental disturbances. Hospitals and health care providers have a duty to provide, to the greatest extent possible, appropriate preconditions for healing. Accumulating evidence suggests that these preconditions include adequate patient sleep duration and quality. The Society of Anesthesia and Sleep Medicine calls for systematic changes in the approach of hospital leadership and staff to this issue. Measures required include incorporation of optimization of patient sleep into the objectives of perioperative and general patient care guidelines. These steps should be complemented by further research into the impact of hospitalization on sleep, the effects of poor sleep on health outcomes after hospitalization, and assessment of interventions to improve it.

Sleep duration and food intake in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and factors affecting confectionery intake.

We carried out a cross-sectional study of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus to elucidate the association between sleep duration and food intake. Overall, 2,887 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean age 63.0 years; 61.1% men; mean glycated hemoglobin level 7.5%) were included in this study. The participants' self-reported dietary habits and sleep duration were evaluated using a brief self-administered dietary history questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. The participants were categorized into thefollowing four groups based on sleep duration: <6, 6-6.9, 7-7.9 (reference) and ≥8 h. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding energy intake (kcal/day), absolute intake (g/day) or relative intake (% energy) of carbohydrates, total fat, proteins and fibers. However, confectionery intake was higher in the <6 h group and lower in the ≥8 h group than in the reference group after adjustment for confounding factors. In multivariate analysis, sleep durations <6 h and ≥8 h significantly correlated with increased (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 3.6; P= 0.0078) and decreased (95% confidence interval -4.0 to -0.32; P=0.021) confectionery intake, respectively. Confectionery intake was positively correlated with female sex, glycated hemoglobin level and dyslipidemia, whereas it was negatively correlated with alcohol consumption and current smoking status. Short sleep duration is associated with high confectionery intake in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus; this might disturb their glycemic control. Therefore, short sleepers with type 2 diabetes mellitus could improve their glycemic control by avoiding confectionery intake and maintaining adequate sleep duration.

Sleep Deficit as a Risk Factor for Hypertension in Korean Adults

This study aims to evaluate the association between sleep duration and hypertension in Korean adults aged 30 and older. This is a population-based cross-sectional study using the 2020 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data. Study subjects numbered 3984 after excluding people with missing data for key exposures and outcome variables. Of the study subjects, 18.8% (n = 748) sleep for less than 6 h a day. Increased risk for hypertension was associated with being male, of old age, unemployed, of low educational achievement, and overweight, as well as drinking, smoking, stress, and short sleep duration. The prevalence of sleep deficit was associated with sex, age, education level, income, and health insurance type. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify whether sleep duration affects the risk of hypertension. In the unadjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of having hypertension was lower among people sleeping for 7.0–7.9 h (OR = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.42–0.64) than those sleeping for fewer than 6 h per day. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors (sex, age, education level, occupation, and health insurance), the OR for 7.0–7.9 h remained significant (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.59–0.92). This association was not significant when the model was further adjusted for health-related factors (smoking, drinking, physical activity, BMI level, and stress). Measures to promote adequate sleep duration should be included in programs to prevent and manage hypertension.

Sleep Patterns Fluctuate Following Training and Games across the Season in a Semi-Professional, Female Basketball Team.

Quantifying athlete sleep patterns may inform development of optimal training schedules and sleep strategies, considering the competitive challenges faced across the season. Therefore, this study comprehensively quantified the sleep patterns of a female basketball team and examined variations in sleep between nights. Seven semi-professional, female basketball players had their sleep monitored using wrist-worn activity monitors and perceptual ratings during a 13-week in-season. Sleep variables were compared between different nights (control nights, training nights, training nights before games, nights before games, non-congested game nights, and congested game nights), using generalized linear mixed models, as well as Cohen's d and odds ratios as effect sizes. Players experienced less sleep on training nights before games compared to control nights, training nights, nights before games, and congested game nights (p < 0.05, d = 0.43-0.69). Players also exhibited later sleep onset times on non-congested game nights compared to control nights (p = 0.01, d = 0.68), and earlier sleep offset times following training nights before games compared to all other nights (p < 0.01, d = 0.74-0.79). Moreover, the odds of players attaining better perceived sleep quality was 88% lower on congested game nights than on nights before games (p < 0.001). While players in this study attained an adequate sleep duration (7.3 ± 0.3 h) and efficiency (85 ± 2%) on average across the in-season, they were susceptible to poor sleep on training nights before games and following games. Although limited to a team-based case series design, these findings suggest basketball coaches may need to reconsider scheduling team-based, on-court training sessions on nights prior to games and consider implementing suitable psychological and recovery strategies around games to optimize player sleep.