Adequate Resources Research Articles

Assessing the Factors for the Effectiveness of the Task Force Staff in Revenue Collection in Tanzania Local Governments Authorities

Recurring challenges in revenue collection and the insufficient revenue collection is pervasive, affecting the financial viability within Tanzania Local Government Authorities (LGAs) prompted this study with a focus on Mpanda Municipal Council. The aim is to assess key factors such as staff training, resource allocation, and community engagement that impact efficiency of task force staff operations. Mpanda Municipal Council was chosen due to its recurring challenges in meeting revenue collection targets and its strategic importance as a rapidly growing municipality with increasing fiscal demands. The study is grounded in both Agency Theory (AT), TAPACO and Resource-Based Theory (RBT). Agency Theory emphasizes the relationship between principals (local governments) and agents (task force staff) in ensuring that revenue collection objectives are aligned, while Resource-Based Theory highlights the importance of internal resources both tangible and intangible in achieving organizational effectiveness. Adopting a pragmatist research philosophy, the study used a convergent mixed-method research design, combining both qualitative and quantitative data to provide a holistic understanding of the research problem. Pragmatism guided the choice of methods, focusing on practical solutions and actionable outcomes. The quantitative data were analyzed using Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR), which revealed that all independent variables significantly impact revenue collection effectiveness. A population of 75 people with a sample of 63 participants, comprising 46 respondents completed questionnaires while 17 business owners participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used in case of qualitative data. The findings reveal that targeted training programs, adequate resources, and active community engagement significantly enhance the effectiveness of task force staff in revenue collection. The study concludes that improving these areas will result in better revenue generation and financial stability for local governments. It is recommended that local governments increase investment in training, adopt modern technologies, and foster stronger community engagement to reduce reliance on central government funding.

Challenges of adhering to scientific research ethics in the artificial intelligence applications- a study on a sample of algerian researchers

This study aims to explore the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the accuracy and efficiency of scientific research, while focusing on the ethical challenges associated with it. It also seeks to assess the level of awareness of AI ethics among Algerian researchers and the adequacy of current policies in dealing with these challenges, such as issues of plagiarism, privacy violation, and biased results. This will provide a deeper understanding of the reality of scientific research in Algeria in light of rapid technological developments. An electronic questionnaire was used, targeting a group of Algerian researchers, reaching a sample size of 623 individuals. Through this questionnaire, we aimed to collect data that would enable us to provide recommendations to enhance the responsible and ethical use of AI tools while maintaining the integrity and reliability of scientific research. The study found that the respondents demonstrated varying levels of awareness of the ethical implications of using AI in their research, with a lack of adequate training and resources to help researchers deal with the ethical complexities of AI-based research. The study also confirms that current ethical policies and regulations in Algeria are insufficient to effectively address the challenges posed by AI. This calls for the establishment of a comprehensive legal framework in the near future and the updating of ethical guidelines to regulate the use of AI in academic research.

Trends in Medicare Utilization and Reimbursement for Traumatic Brain Injury: 2003–2021

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue among Medicare beneficiaries, with many specialties reporting consistent annual decreases in utilization and reimbursement. This study investigates the trends in Medicare utilization and rates of reimbursement for neurosurgical procedures related to TBI from 2003 to 2021, aiming to provide insights into the economic aspects of TBI care. Utilizing the Medicare Part B National Summary Data files, we analyzed 14 neurosurgical procedures over the 18-year period, assessing the changes in procedural volume and mean reimbursement per procedure, adjusted for inflation to the 2021 USD using the Consumer Price Index. From 2003 to 2021, TBI-related neurosurgical interventions showed a total percent change of −15.39% in procedural volume and −3.11% in inflation-adjusted mean reimbursement per procedure. Linear regression analyses indicated a significant downward trend in the overall procedural volume (p < 0.001) but no significant trend in the inflation-adjusted mean reimbursement rates (p = 0.585). Subgroup analyses did not reveal significant changes in the reimbursement rates for decompressive craniotomy/craniectomy, cranioplasty, intracranial pressure management, and traumatic fracture/penetration procedures. Our study indicates a significant decrease in neurosurgical TBI procedural volumes, while reimbursement rates remained stable when adjusted for inflation, highlighting the need for policy adjustments to ensure adequate resources for TBI care.

Factors affecting the quality of work life for industrial labour force: empirical evidence from a developing country

The success of any organization requires a skilled, competent, and satisfied workforce. If the workforce can be provided with the necessary components to ensure a high quality of working life, they will become permanent assets. Various factors undoubtedly affect the quality of workers' work lives. This study aims to investigate the drivers of the quality of work life in industrial labour force in a developing country, Bangladesh. It enumerated the elements that have an impact on industrial labour force’s quality of work life (QWL). A structured questionnaire was administered to 420 Bangladeshi workers across diverse industries, yielding a commendable response rate of 93.33%. The collected data underwent analysis employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. Representative industries and respondents were chosen by random selection. The results revealed that work environment, organizational culture and climate, relationships and cooperation, compensation and rewards, adequacy of resources, autonomy of work, job satisfaction, and security are directly related to the QWL. Training and development, and facilities do not significantly affect QWL. The research results can be used to improve the quality of work life for those working in the industrial sector. An industry may accomplish long-term and short-term goals by maintaining a pleasant workforce. The study's findings will provide policymakers and regulatory authorities of Bangladesh's industrial sector with strategic references and strategies to boost industrial productivity and economic growth for sustainable development by ensuring industrial employees' quality of work life that can serve as a template for Bangladesh.

Framing the Multi-Centre Qualitative Research Design as a Novel Methodology for Nursing and Healthcare Research: Reflections and A Methodological Discussion.

To discuss the multi-centre qualitative methodology as a unique design, articulate its guiding paradigm/theoretical perspectives, and highlight its methodological and methodical issues. A secondary objective is to generate further scholarly discourse regarding the multi-centre approach within the broader qualitative research tradition. Methodological discussion. Rather than an emphasis on only experiences, the multi-centre approach is presented as a unique design which also focuses on uncovering why a phenomenon or problem exists and perceptions regarding the phenomenon/problem. With its focus on capturing multiple subjective realities, the multi-centre qualitative design is arguably underpinned by pragmatist constructivism which offers a robust framework for researching phenomenon in a way that is both theoretically informed and practically relevant. Methodologically, the multi-centre qualitative research design emphasises a problem-centred enquiry, collaborative approach and rigorous study protocols, systematic site selection, contextual immersion and sensitivity and methodical flexibility. With the rapidly evolving nursing and global health landscape, the multi-centre design lends itself to exploring and capturing perceptions on a larger scale compared to single site studies. Careful planning, availability of adequate resources, rigorous protocols and quality assurance plans are critical to ensuring its success. The multi-centre approach offers the possibility of undertaking the same study across multiple settings/locations which has the potential to improve representation and strengthen transferability. This methodological discussion offers clarity regarding the use of the multi-centre approach and offering strategies for its subsequent uptake in nursing and healthcare research. Not applicable. No patient or public contribution.

A participatory lens to enhance collaborative learning among university students in rural South Africa

Collaborative learning has been recognised as a highly effective approach to enhancing critical thinking, problem-solving, and overall academic performance. However, rural university students face unique challenges that may hinder their participation and engagement in collaborative learning activities. This gap may subsequently affect their learning effectiveness, leading to poor academic performance. Therefore, this study explores the challenges faced by rurally located university students in collaborative learning and strategies to enhance their participation. The study is underpinned by social learning theory and framed within a transformative paradigm using a qualitative research approach. Participatory Research was employed as a research design to provide inclusive opportunities for participants to be actively involved in the process of finding solutions to their problems. Focus group discussions were conducted to elicit information from 10 randomly selected rural university students enrolled in a particular module at a selected university in the Eastern Cape province. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data. The results indicate that the main challenges faced by rural university students in collaborative learning include limited access to resources and technology, conflicting time schedules, and the unavailability of students. In contrast, providing adequate access to resources and technology, along with social and institutional support, is essential for enhancing collaborative learning among students in rural universities. In conclusion, promoting collaborative learning among rural university students requires universities to invest in adequate resources, implement flexible learning schedules, and create supportive learning environments.

Current oral care practices in an acute aged care setting: An Australian metropolitan hospital perspective

Purpose To evaluate current oral care practices in an acute aged care hospital setting, and staff perceptions of the barriers and enablers to delivery of evidence-based oral care practices. Method A mixed method study comprised of retrospective file audit and cross-sectional survey was conducted within a single acute aged care unit. Medical records of patients aged ≥ 65 years admitted over a 6 month period were retrospectively audited. A clinician survey was used to explore barriers to and enablers of the delivery of oral care practices using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) questionnaire. Result were analysed using descriptive statistics. Result Patient file audits (n = 206) found 13.6% (n = 28) of patients had oral care completed, despite 23% (n = 47) of patients being recommended by a speech language pathologist to receive oral care. Staff survey respondents (n = 31) reported they do not have the physical or social opportunities to provide oral care (i.e. adequate resources, time, and social support), however, they were motivated and reported they have the required knowledge and skills to provide oral care. Conclusion There is a need for implementation strategies to enable an interprofessional response to improve the delivery of evidence-based oral care practices and optimise patient outcomes.

Experiences and Perspective of Caretakers Working in Childcare Institutes in Delhi: A Qualitative Inquiry

Abstract Context: Institutional care is a common alternative for children who have been displaced from their homes due to a variety of socioeconomic factors. The quality of care and well-being of children in such institutions has been under research due to its long-lasting impacts on a child’s early development. However, the perspective of caregivers who are an important point of contact with the children is yet to be explored thoroughly. Aim: The current study aims to understand the experiences of caregivers in childcare institutes (CCIs) through a qualitative lens of inquiry. Settings and Design: The study has employed a qualitative, exploratory, inductive research design. Methodology: A semi-structured focus group discussion (FGD) schedule was developed, and FGDs were held with caregivers across seven CCIs in five districts of New Delhi. Qualitative Analysis: Using analysis software (QSR NVIVO 10), thematic analysis was conducted in two stages, namely, initial coding and focused coding to organize the data into meaningful themes. Results: The thematic analysis revealed a set of 4 main themes, 13 subthemes, and more than 200 codes emerging from the qualitative dataset. The themes threw light on key challenges and concerns that caretakers of children in institutional care often face. The caretakers’ current knowledge of psychological concerns and the gap in providing psychologically informed care for children is emphasized. Conclusion: The study highlights some key beliefs, such as stigma regarding mental health concerns and perceptions about their work as a “duty.” In addition, knowledge among caregivers about specific psychological issues such as self-harm and aggression may influence caring for children. Furthermore, prominent skillset challenges such as the management of children with emotional and behavioral concerns, and children with disability were highlighted. The findings reveal that the caregivers experience workplace burden due to a lack of adequate resources and specialized knowledge in childcare.

Examining Teacher Willingness and the Labyrinth of Challenges in Implementing Professional Learning Communities at the Senior High School Level in Builsa South District

Aim: This study aimed to examine teacher willingness and the labyrinth of challenges in implementing Professional Learning Communities at the senior high school level in the Builsa South District. Methods: The study was purely quantitative and employed a descriptive correlational design with a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. A census technique was used allowing for the total accessible population, 79 senior high school teachers participate in the data collection process. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and a simple linear regression model. Results: The results showed that the regression model predicting willingness to participate in Professional Learning Community (PLC) activities from attitudes was statistically significant, F(1, 77) = 66.56, p < .001, meaning that more positive attitudes are associated with greater willingness to engage in PLC activities. Additionally, challenges such as time constraints, lack of leadership support, and resistance from teachers were reported as key obstacles faced in the implementation of Professional Learning Communities. Recommendation: The study strongly recommends that schools should prioritize providing adequate support and resources for Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) to address teachers' dissatisfaction in this area. This can include allocating sufficient time, funding, and administrative support to ensure the smooth functioning of PLC activities. By enhancing support and resources, schools can create a more conducive environment for collaboration and professional development within PLCs.

The The Silent Curriculum: Classical Aesthetics as a Catalyst for Emotional and Social Skills in Higher Vocational Education

This study examines the integration of classical aesthetics into the silent curriculum of higher vocational education, emphasizing its potential to significantly enhance emotional and social skills. Incorporating aesthetic principles into education emphasizes the importance of nurturing emotional intelligence, creativity, and cultural awareness in students—skills that go beyond the classroom and are essential for their growth, adaptability, and future careers. It explores theoretical foundations and practical implementations and addresses challenges such as the need for specialized educator training, overcoming institutional resistance, and securing adequate resources. Advocating for empirical research and strategic cultural partnerships, the paper proposes a transformative approach to vocational education, aligning it with contemporary societal and labor market demands, and underscores the vital role of classical aesthetics in enriching vocational training and enhancing student outcomes.

Utility of syndromic surveillance for the surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in resource-limited settings: a narrative review.

Globally, Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) pose a significant threat to patient safety and healthcare systems. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the lack of adequate resources to manage HCAIs, as well as the weak healthcare system, further exacerbate the burden of these infections. Traditional surveillance methods that rely on laboratory tests are cost-intensive and impractical in these settings, leading to ineffective monitoring and delayed management of HCAIs. The rates of HCAIs in resource-limited settings have not been well established for most LMICs, despite their negative consequences. This is partly due to costs associated with surveillance systems. Syndromic surveillance, a part of active surveillance, focuses on clinical observations and symptoms rather than laboratory confirmation for HCAI detection. Its cost-effectiveness and efficiency make it a beneficial approach for monitoring HCAIs in LMICs. It provides for early warning capabilities, enabling timely identification and response to potential HCAI outbreaks. Syndromic surveillance is highly sensitive and this helps balance the challenge of low sensitivity of laboratory-based surveillance systems. If syndromic surveillance is used hand-in-hand with laboratory-based surveillance systems, it will greatly contribute to establishing the true burden of HAIs in resource-limited settings. Additionally, its flexibility allows for adaptation to different healthcare settings and integration into existing health information systems, facilitating data-driven decision-making and resource allocation. Such a system would augment the event-based surveillance system that is based on alerts and rumours for early detection of events of outbreak potential. If well streamlined and targeted, to monitor priority HCAIs such as surgical site infections, hospital-acquired pneumonia, diarrheal illnesses, the cost and burden of the effects from these infections could be reduced. This approach would offer early detection capabilities and could be expanded into nationwide HCAI surveillance networks with standardised data collection, healthcare worker training, real-time reporting mechanisms, stakeholder collaboration, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. Syndromic surveillance offers a promising strategy for combating HCAIs in LMICs. It provides early warning capabilities, conserves resources, and enhances patient safety. Effective implementation depends on strategic interventions, stakeholder collaboration, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation to ensure sustained effectiveness in HCAI detection and response.

Hospitality development strategy: regional context

Having a strategy for the development of the hospitality sector for any region will not only contribute to the establishment of a structured dialogue between the authorities and business in the service sector, but will also ensure the effective use of resource potential, the creation of new jobs, an increase in revenues for budgets of all levels, stable development and realization of export potential region European integration processes and economic problems caused by Russiaʼs aggression actualize this issue, parti­cularly in the context of determining its impact on the social and economic development of the region and the country in general. Within the framework of the research, the hypothesis was put forward that the development of the hotel-restaurant and tourism business in the region depends on the priorities of strategic develop­ment and the formation of the regional strategy for the development of the hospitality sector. The research was carried out on the basis of the stu­dy of foreign experience, diagnostics of the activities of hospitality enterprises of the Cher­nivtsi region, surveys of entrepreneurs in the field of hospitality, the use of comparison and modeling methods. According to the results of the survey, additional criteria to the basic guidelines defined by the Law of Ukraine "On the Basics of State Regional Policy" were revealed, which must be taken into account when forming the regional strategy for the develop­ment of the hospitality sector for a specific region. A structural model of the formation of the regional strategy for the development in Cher­nivtsi region has been developed. Based on the research of relevant European experience, it was established that the formation of regional strategy for the development should be aimed at creating conditions for the full realization of the regionʼs tourism potential, building infrastruc­ture in accordance with international standards and creating new competitive advantages. The results of the research confirm the relevance of the formation of the hospitality development strategy, especially in those regions where there is adequate resource provision and development prospects. In practice, the results of the research can be used by local authorities, public organi­zations and businesses. Due to the fact that the regional strategy for the development of the hospitality sector has a three-part character, combining state, regional and interregional (cross-border) policies, the issue of determining its impact on the social and economic develop­ment of the region and the country in general requires further research

Skills of Educational Institution Administrators in the 21st Century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Pathum Thani Province

Background and Aims: The world in the 21st century has undergone marked changes from the 20th century, especially in the advancement of digital technology. This makes our world noticeably borderless or narrower. This change has a huge impact on all sectors. Including administration in educational institutions in the new era educational administrators in the 21st century must therefore play an important role in setting directions, policies, and leading educational institutions to success. With outstanding characteristics such as high intellectual skills professionalism in management Having a creative mind, a good attitude, and a broad vision. This research has the following objectives: (1) Study the level of skills of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province. (2) Compare the level of opinions of personnel on the skills of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province. Classified by educational level, position, and work experience. (3) Study guidelines for developing the skills of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province. Methodology: The sample group used in the research was 348 personnel under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province, in the academic year 2023, which were obtained by stratified random sampling. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire that was a 5-level rating scale with an IOC value in the range of 0.80 - 1.00 and a confidence value of 0.88. In addition, a structured interview was used as a secondary tool to supplement additional information. For the statistics used in data analysis, such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test, F-test and pairwise difference test using Scheffe' method. Results: The results of the research found that (1) skills of educational institution administrators in the 21st century under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Pathum Thani Province overall, it was at the "high" level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the skills of school administrators in the 21st century were at the "high" level in every aspect. (2) Results of a comparative analysis of the skills of school administrators in the 21st century, classified by educational level, position, and work experience found that: 1) Skills of educational institution administrators according to educational level and position Overall, the differences were statistically significant at the .05 level. 2) Skills of school administrators according to work experience. Overall, they are not different. (3) Guidelines for developing the skills of school administrators in the 21st century. It was found that administrators organized workshops to provide teachers with knowledge and understanding about using the curriculum. As well as developing a competency-based teaching curriculum in collaboration with business establishments and outside agencies. There is also personnel development to create innovations, technology, and inventions for teaching and learning. Use technology to learn and there are adequate learning resources with information technology systems available Promote and support teachers and instructors to have knowledge and understanding and be able to follow measurement and evaluation regulations correctly. Conclusion: Skills of educational administrators in the 21st century. Administrators understand principles and concepts. management theory Able to apply and manage according to the situation effectively, able to manage resources efficiently, systematically and to maximum benefit.

How to address the barriers to meaningful adolescent involvement in health research: A qualitative study.

The under-involvement of adolescents in health research has been attributed to multiple barriers faced by both researchers and adolescents. Despite identifying these barriers, the literature offers few solutions, mostly from the perspective of researchers. To address this, we conducted a qualitative study to explore effective strategies to address these barriers from the perspective of both researchers and adolescents. We conducted semi-structured interviews with adolescents (n = 25) and researchers (n = 25) from 14 countries. We included adolescents aged 10-24 years with experience of contributing to health research studies and health researchers with experience of engaging adolescents in health research. The interviews explored the mitigation strategies to commonly reported barriers to meaningful adolescent involvement for researchers and adolescents. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We identified three overarching strategies to address the commonly experienced barriers to adolescent involvement. First, participants suggested the need to plan for adequate resources, organizational support, capacity building, accessibility, compensation, and adolescents' safety. Second, they recommended building relationships by engaging the community, fostering trust and respect with adolescents, promoting teamwork, and maintaining transparent communication. Third, they proposed making involvement engaging for adolescents by creating a conducive environment, increasing their representation, using interesting methods, and addressing power dynamics. These findings build on the current best practices for adolescent involvement in health research by highlighting which strategies should be incorporated early on to plan for and prevent potential challenges to adolescent involvement.

Financial Resources and Green Accounting Implementation in Kenyan Manufacturing Enterprises

The objective of this study was to influence of financial resources on the green accounting implementation in Kenyan manufacturing enterprises. Data for the study were collected using a descriptive cross-sectional approach. Data were gathered using questionnaires that the researcher self-administered. The Cronbach's alpha reliability test was applied to evaluate the internal consistency of the measurements. The investigation's primary emphasis was on 1,107 manufacturing firms that are Kenya Association of Manufacturers members. The sample consisted of 294 firms. To ensure that each data stratum was fairly represented in the analysis, stratified random sampling was used in the study. Together with descriptive statistics like means and standard deviations, inferential statistics were also used, such as multiple regression analysis, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation. The study's findings indicated that financial resources significantly and favorably influence Kenyan manufacturing companies' adoption of green accounting. The findings of the regression and correlation analyses demonstrated that the drivers of green accounting had a major impact on the adoption of green accounting. The study came to the conclusion that manufacturing companies in Kenya ought to embrace and apply green accounting. The study recommended that manufacturing enterprises in Kenya to allocate adequate financial resources to green accounting with intention of achieving best results.

The citizens have participated – what now? An action research study of factors impacting the use of participatory citizen knowledge in planning processes

ABSTRACT Citizen participation is embedded into planning practice and policy, yet it remains unclear how the results of participation are shared in planning organisations and utilised to inform planning outcomes. This article examines barriers and enablers for systematic gathering, sharing and utilisation of participatory citizen knowledge and analyses the collaborative development of knowledge-sharing practices in two Finnish municipalities. The article focuses specifically on the collection and dissemination of local, experiential knowledge from two municipality-wide Public Participation GIS surveys. The study adopts an action research approach to deepen the understanding of planners' complex relationships with participatory citizen knowledge: how they gather and share it, how it informs their work and how they develop their everyday practice. The results suggest that a variety of practical, technical and cultural factors influence whether planners access and utilise gathered citizen knowledge. Planners' backgrounds, skills and personalities also influence how they perceive and utilise citizen knowledge. When provided with accessible and representative data about citizens' behaviours and preferences, adequate resources and a sense of agency through supportive organisation culture, officials from different sectors were eager to develop the use of participatory knowledge. These emergent practices can be used to inform wider iterative development to meet practitioners' needs.

Latent factors affecting safer injection practices that can reduce infections and how education can improve them.

The incidence of healthcare-associated infections, particularly injection-related infections, can increase patient comorbidities even in countries with adequate medical resources. Although there are clear guidelines for injection practices to prevent infections, their application in clinical settings is insufficient. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify factors affecting injection practices associated with reduced infections by conducting surveys targeting practicing healthcare providers involved in administering injections at each healthcare organization and performing data analysis. We administered a survey to healthcare providers responsible for injection practices at each healthcare organization that included items related to infection-safe injection practice guidelines. All survey questions were reviewed by an expert panel of infectious disease and infection control nurses. Survey contents were subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis, and multivariable robust regression tests to determine the impact of each factor and their correlations. A total of 842 questionnaires were analyzed. Each questionnaire was classified into four factors: reuse and contamination, compliance with aseptic technique, exchange of infusion set, and use of multidose vials. Nurses with higher careers showed more compliance. Education within one year and awareness of each item of the questionnaire had positive associations with proper injection practice. Education is thought to be the most important factor in good injection practices that could reduce infections. Relevant knowledge through timely training is expected to have a positive impact on performance and compliance related to safe injections.

Influence of Non-academic Factors on the Overall Evaluation of International: Chinese Students and Their Adaptation to Universities

This article explores the impact of non-academic factors on the overall evaluation and university adaptation of international and Chinese students. The study involved non-academic factors such as family background, personality traits, learning environment, and social interaction. Data were collected through questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, and literature analysis. The results showed that factors such as family economic status, parents' educational level, family upbringing style, personality traits, interests and motivation, self-efficacy, adequacy of learning resources, learning atmosphere, use of online resources, teacher-student relationship, peer relationship, and cross-cultural communication significantly affect students' academic performance, mental health, and university adaptability. Based on this, this article proposes suggestions such as strengthening home-school cooperation, optimizing the learning environment, and promoting social interaction, in order to provide a reference for universities to improve their student evaluation system and enhance students' adaptability to university life.

Influence of School Working Conditions of Teachers’ Turnover on Learning Achievement in Biology in Public Secondary Schools in Garissa County, Kenya

The modern propensity toward multi-disciplinary research and the alignment of scientific knowledge from different fields has led to significant overlap of the field of Biological sciences with other scientific disciplines. Modern principles of other fields such as Chemistry, Medicine, and Physics are integrated with those of Biology in areas such as Biochemistry, Biomedicine, and Biophysics, making Biology a valuable subject to humankind. However, the government’s inability to retain qualified and experienced teachers in some schools due to high turnover impacts negatively on the students’ learning achievement in this subject. This paper looks into the influence of school working conditions of teachers’ turnover on learning achievement in Biology in public secondary schools in Garissa County. The study was conducted using pragmatic worldview and adopted a convergent mixed-methods design. With a target population of 2786 respondents from 40 public secondary schools, a sample size of 387 respondents was obtained. Using stratified random sampling, 27 schools were selected from which 336 students and 51 teachers of Biology were randomly and purposively drawn respectively. Data collection was done using Biology teacher questionnaire and document analysis guide. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study findings showed that school working conditions (r=0.73, p<0.05) had a positive significant correlation with students’ learning achievement in Biology. Qualitative data findings revealed that majority of the teachers intended to transfer from rural to urban schools on the basis of unsuitable working conditions and insecurity. The study concluded that school working conditions of teachers’ turnover influenced low learning achievement in Biology in the study area. The study therefore, recommended strategies that should lower teacher turnover and increase learning achievement in Biology as follows; school principals should provide good leadership and adequate instructional resources for effective teaching of Biology while the government should post security officers to every learning institution in Garissa County to safeguard the non-local teachers’ safety and security

A Geographical Analysis of Access to Adequate Menstrual Health and Hygiene Resources Among Young Women in India

A Geographical Analysis of Access to Adequate Menstrual Health and Hygiene Resources Among Young Women in India