Adequate Practices Research Articles

Engaging with Nature in Times of Rapid Environmental Change: Vulnerability, Sentience, and Autonomy

Increasingly rapid environmental changes since the middle of the 20th century pose a significant challenge for vulnerable human populations. North American Native people from the Northwest Coast, as many other indigenous populations around the globe, have conceived landscapes as sentient, and capable of responding to human action. The consequent “social responsibility” taken for landscape is explored in the context of vulnerability to rapid environmental change. The basis for respect that underlies this sense of responsibility, and its significance for addressing human vulnerability to nature’s agency, through more adequate practices of mitigation and adaptation, is discussed. It is concluded that we face an imperative to reconceive the agency of natural phenomena.

Haemolytic transfusion reactions caused by non-ABO red cell antibodies reported to the Norwegian Haemovigilance System 2004-2020.

The aim of this study was to analyse the reports received in the Norwegian Haemovigilance System from 2004 to 2020 on acute and delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions caused by non-ABO red cell antibodies. Antibody specificity, clinical symptoms and outcomes were included when available. After transfusion of 3.7 million red cell concentrates, reports on 78 cases of haemolytic transfusion reactions caused by non-ABO red cell antibodies were received, corresponding to an incidence of 1 in 47,000 transfused red cell concentrates. There were 30 acute and 48 delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions. A total of 113 red cell antibodies were found: 82 alloantibodies, 6 autoantibodies and 25 cases where the antibody specificity could not be determined. Two fatalities occurred: one caused by anti-Wra and one caused by an unidentified red cell antibody. The most frequently reported antibody specificities were those in the Rh and Kidd blood group systems, representing 24% and 14%, respectively, of all the antibodies identified. In six cases, errors occurred, leading to the issuing of blood units without the required phenotype match. Despite the possible underreporting, the low number of serious haemolytic transfusion reactions reflects an adequate pre-transfusion practice by the Norwegian blood banks.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding spinal vascular malformations among doctors in China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveKnowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) models are essential tools for assessing healthcare professionals’ understanding, beliefs and behaviours towards specific health issues. This study aimed to explore the KAP of Chinese...

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Patient Referral among Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors in Obio-Akpor, Rivers State.

With the limited number of trained health care providers in Nigeria, PPMVs are inevitable, especially in rural areas for the supply of drugs, and integration through appropriate referral practices is quintessential. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patient referral among PPMVs in a setting with limited hospital infrastructure. This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Obio-Akpor, Rivers State using a structured questionnaire that measured the participants' socio-demographic characteristics as well as knowledge, attitude, and practice of patient referral. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted with SPSS version 25 and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Most of the respondents reported moderate knowledge, attitude, and practice (62.4%, 73.4%, and 58% respectively) of patient referral. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant inverse relationships between years of experience and odds of their knowledge, attitude, and practice of referral. PPMVs with 3 years of experience reported significantly higher odds of adequate knowledge (AOR = 178.96; 95%CI: 60.15 - 532.49; p-value <0.005), attitude (AOR = 7.38;95%CI: (3.78 - 14.40; P-value <0.005) and practice (AOR = 131.56; 95%CI: 53.50 - 323.51; p-value <0.005) than those with above 10 years of experience after controlling for the effects of other variables. The most frequently reported barrier to referral was fear of losing clients while most referrals were for laboratory investigations. Most PPMVs reported moderate knowledge, attitude, and practice of patient referral. PPMVs were aware of the benefits of referrals but concerned about losing their clients to formal healthcare facilities.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards COVID-19 Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Rural Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

ObjectiveTo identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 among pregnant and postpartum women in rural Bangladesh, and to assess any association with antenatal care attendance (ANC).MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Northern Bangladesh’s Sherpur district with a sample of pregnant and post-partum women enrolled in ‘Poriborton’, a community-based cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward COVID-19, and any association with antenatal care practices were assessed through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Composite measures for knowledge, attitude, and practices of COVID-19 were generated. Specific knowledge on COVID-19 and the association of antenatal care were presented as descriptive statistics. An adjusted odds ratio was used to examine the association between categorical variables.ResultsOut of 4835 women, 34.0% correctly identified five or more COVID-19 symptoms, 31.8% knew three or more modes of coronavirus transmission, and 57.0% knew five or more preventive measures. Most (90.1%) had a “more positive attitude to testing” and 65.1% reported adequate practice of preventive measures. Women with adequate knowledge of COVID-19 were more likely to report both a positive attitude to testing (OR:2.96; 95% CI: 1.38–6.37) and adopt adequate practices of preventive measures (OR: 4.30;95% CI: 2.90–6.36). Education and being employed influenced KAP related to COVID-19. Only 14.9% were satisfied with their knowledge of COVID-19. Television was the main source of COVID-19-related specific information.ConclusionsWe found that improved knowledge was associated with positive attitudes and behaviours that lead to the adoption of preventive measures. There was no association with ANC practices as attendance was very low in this region. The findings could be utilised to develop communication strategies for future public health emergencies in similar settings.

Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning.

Neuroscience applied to motor activity is a growing area that aims to understand the effects of motor activity on the structures and functions of the Central Nervous System. Attention has been paid to this multidisciplinary field of investigation by the scientific community both because it is of great importance in the treatment of many chronic diseases and because of its potential applications in the Movement Sciences. Motor activity during a developmental age is, in fact, an indispensable tool for the physical and mental growth of children, both able-bodied and disabled. Through movement, individuals can improve their physical efficiency and promote their own better health, establish relationships with the environment and others, express themselves and their emotions, form their identity and develop cognitive processes. This literature review aims, therefore, to highlight how an adequate practice of motor activity offers extraordinary possibilities for everyone in relation to learning, from the perspective of an integral development of the person, and, consequently, can raise the awareness of those involved in the training and growth, especially the youngest, towards the educational value of motor and sports activities. According to this review, and in line with the modern neuroscientific approach toward the relationships between motor activities and cognitive functions, it is possible to claim that hypokinesia tends to inhibit learning. Therefore, it now seems more topical than ever to draw attention to the need to introduce working proposals that integrate brain-based motor activity programs into the school curriculum.

Monitoring of food handlers and their influence on the preparation of ready-to-eat foods

Introduction: Transmission of foodborne pathogens is related to inadequate sanitary conditions, which are derived from either the food preparation process or the person who prepares it. Food handlers are essential to preserve food innocuousness and protect consumer’s health. Objective: To evaluate demographic characteristics, hygiene practices, knowledge, work conditions and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in food handlers at public school restaurants in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods: The study evaluated 104 food handlers in a municipality in Antioquia. Demographic data and stool samples were collected to identify intestinal parasites, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The presence of intestinal parasites (e.g. Entamoeba Complex and Trichuris trichiura) was identified in 61% of female participants. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 49% of food handlers. Conclusion: Infection of food handler was confirmed, making them potential sources of food contamination. They are committed to their work and have the knowledge to preserve basic hygiene conditions. It is highlighted their importance and influence in adequate hygienic practices to minimize the risks of transmission, as well as the need for medical treatment and regular checkups of food handlers to counteract the risk to consumers.

A conceptual model of an effective early childhood physical literacy pedagogue

Physical inactivity has become increasingly prevalent among young children in early childhood education and care settings. One promising way to intervene and promote physical activity in these settings is to develop children’s physical literacy. Where most children spend their weekday in early childhood settings in the care of early childhood educators, the educators are viewed as ‘change agents’ and become responsible for developing children’s physical literacy. Thus, early childhood educators must possess adequate skills, knowledge, and practices to promote such development. However, research has yet to conceptualize a theory which identifies the significant capabilities and competencies that make early childhood educators, what we propose, an Effective Early Childhood Physical Literacy Pedagogue. Therefore, this paper draws on early childhood research regarding physical literacy, physical activity, and active play, to present a conceptual model theorizing an Effective Early Childhood Physical Literacy Pedagogue. Within this model, we propose educators’ professional identity and implementation of play-based pedagogy are essential characteristics of an Effective Early Childhood Physical Literacy Pedagogue. Furthermore, educators’ physical literacy capabilities (psychomotor, affective, social, and cognitive) are recognized as the vehicle that drives the aforementioned characteristics to be the Effective Early Childhood Physical Literacy Pedagogue. This conceptual model provides implications for future research to appropriately assess and target physical literacy interventions towards early childhood educators.

Nurses' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Enteral Feeding of Critically ill Patients at Kenyatta National Hospital Critical Care Unit

Enteral feeding/nutrition is the most efficient nutritional support strategy used by critical care nurses to feed patients in critical care units (CCUs) who are unable to meet their dietary demands orally. In developing countries, most critically ill patients continue to receive low amounts of their dietary needs in the CCUs. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out investigations on the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of critical care nurses attending to extremely ill patients. This study's objective was to determine the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of critical care nurses on enteral feeding of critically ill patients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) CCUs. The study adopted a cross-sectional quantitative study design. Using a stratified sampling design and proportionate sampling technique, a sample size of 135 critical care nurses was recruited. Data was collected using a standardised questionnaire. Inferential statistics, Pearson Chi-square (χ2) or Fisher's exact tests were used to analyse the relationship between independent and dependent variables. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was set as the significance criterion. Approximately 65.9% of the study participants noted adequate level of knowledge on enteral nutrition, followed by moderate (23.0%) and inadequate (11.1%) levels of knowledge. Most of the respondents (96.3%.) had positive attitudes toward enteral feeding. About 54.7% of the study subjects had competent enteral feeding practices. The gender, age group, terms of service, level of qualification and work experience were not significantly associated with the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on enteral feeding among critical care nurses. This study concluded that the critical care nurses had adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and competent practices on enteral nutrition. The study recommends that critical care nurses must be provided with regular, continuous medical training on enteral nutrition to maintain a high level of knowledge, positive attitudes, and competent practices on enteral nutrition

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Hand Hygiene Among First year and Fourth year MBBS Students; A Cross Sectional Comparative Study

Objective: To compare the knowledge, attitude and practices of hand hygiene among first- and fourth-year medical students of HBS Medical and Dental College Islamabad. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive comparative study was carried out in HBS medical and dental college Islamabad from June to August 2022(n=200). The survey was based on self-structured closed-ended questionnaire about hand hygiene practices among the participants. Results: We identified 90%of first year and 98% of fourth year medical students with adequate knowledge, attitude and practices about hand hygiene. Conclusions: The majority of first and fourth year MBBS students had updated information regarding hand hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices.

Telepsiquiatria no Brasil: construção, validação e aplicação de questionário de Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática

ABSTRACT Introduction: Telepsychiatry, defined as the use of electronic communication to provide or support remote psychiatric care, has gained prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of telemedicine regulations in Brazil. This study aims to assess the adoption of telepsychiatry among Brazilian psychiatrists, employing KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice) questionnaires to understand their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to this field. Objective: Constructing, validating, and applying a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of Brazilian psychiatrists regarding telepsychiatry in the past year and identifying factors associated with adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice. Method: A methodological study was conducted to construct and validate the instrument, followed by a cross-sectional study with an analytical KAP questionnaire. After the questionnaire development, psychiatry experts validated the instrument using the Delphi method. Subsequently, the questionnaire was distributed to psychiatrists across Brazil through social networks and the Brazilian Psychiatric Association. Data analysis was performed using the Stata 12.1 software, employing multivariate Poisson analyses. Results: The KAP questionnaire was validated with a high degree of agreement among the experts. Among the participants, 68.3% demonstrated adequate knowledge, 80.1% had an adequate attitude, and 81.2% exhibited adequate practices concerning telepsychiatry. The multivariate analysis revealed significant associations, such as adequate attitudes being linked to not practicing in medical offices and providing care to children, while adequate practices were associated with providing care to both the elderly and adolescent patients. Conclusion: The study concludes that the KAP questionnaire is valid and can be applied in future research. It underscores the significance of telepsychiatry in the practices of Brazilian psychiatrists, with notable differences in adequate attitudes and practices based on the age groups of treated patients. These findings indicate the need to consider these variables when implementing telepsychiatry, contributing to guiding mental health policies and specific clinical practices for different age groups.

Use of an Escape Room to Enhance Nutrition Care Process Skills and Self-efficacy

Application of the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) is a fundamental concept for students preparing to become registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). Adequate practice, within pedagogical methods designed to mimic actual dietetics practice scenarios as realistically as possible, is necessary to increase student NCP skill proficiency and confidence. This study assessed the impact of a virtual escape room experience compared with a traditional case study on both NCP skills and confidence in a senior didactic program in dietetics for undergraduate students. Results indicate that the escape room experience improved both NCP documentation (P &lt; .001) and student self-efficacy (P &lt; .001).

Психообразование в нейропсихологической реабилитации

Background. A lot of brain damage including traumatic brain injuries during war can lead to persistent cognitive disorders and followed impaired functioning in everyday life. The main focus in dealing with such disorders is made on the neuropsychological (cognitive) rehabilitation. Patients psychoeducation aimed to creating an adequate internal picture of the disease and increasing self-awareness of deficits and behavior is considered as the first and the most important step in their rehabilitation process. Yet, to date the theoretical and methodological foundations of psychoeducation are not clear formulated and developed so it makes this stage of the cognitive rehabilitation not much effective. Objective. Review and analysis of the research literature in the fields of clinical psychology and neuropsychology concerning implementation of psychoeducation for neurological patients, as well as discussion of relevant issues in this problematic area. Results. The literature review has shown that “psychoeducation” was first officially recommended for severe mental illnesses and continues to develop in the modern system of psychosocial rehabilitation for psychiatric and psychosomatic patients as a special type of psychosocial intervention in the structure of their treatment and rehabilitation process. Various authors particularly highlight the learning aspect of psychoeducation, associated with the patient's mastery of methods for recognizing the manifestations of his cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders. Conclusions. Psychoeducation should be implemented in the practice of neuropsychological (cognitive) rehabilitation. In order to advance research and practice of psychoeducation for improving the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, it is necessary to develop it as a typical educational process where each stage should be matched with adequate tools and practices. In addition, psychoeducation should be linked to the treatment process and to specific therapeutic and rehabilitation goals.

&lt;b&gt;Perspectives of parents and caregivers about vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional study&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; The most economical preventive health measure to safeguard youngsters from vaccine-preventable diseases, ensure a disease-free future, and prevent socio-economic disasters is immunization. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a major backslide in childhood vaccinations. Hence, it is important to assess the parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards childhood vaccination amid the prevailing pandemic. &lt;b&gt;Aim:&lt;/b&gt; This study evaluated the KAP of parents and caregivers about immunization. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A prospective cross-sectional online questionnaire (Google Form) based study was done using convenient sampling among 105 parents and caregivers at a tertiary care hospital in Coimbatore for 6 months. Descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA, chi-square, Pearson correlation test, and unpaired t-test) were used. The results were depicted in terms of numbers and percentages. The data obtained was evaluated using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 28 for Windows. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The mean KAP scores of parents/caregivers about vaccination were 4.99 ± 2.05, 10.63 ± 2.28, and 6.67 ± 1.77 respectively. 61.9%, 58.1%, and 52.4% had good KAP scores respectively. Participants' knowledge and attitude showed a positive correlation (P&lt;0.032), however, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with practice. Urban residents and employed respondents had better attitude and practice scores than rural (P&lt;0.029) and unemployed (P&lt;0.033) correspondingly. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The population under investigation had a good level of KAP; nevertheless, a gap was noticed in practice. Enhancing the study population's awareness through educational campaigns and effective communication could help overcome these obstacles and ensure adequate immunization practices.

Sports-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries in Medical Students.

Little attention is paid to the problem of sports-related injuries in amateur or nonathletes or recreational student athletes. We investigated the prevalence of sports-related musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries in medical students and attempted to identify the risk factors for these injuries. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study on medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India. A total of 500 medical students were approached; the questionnaire consisted of details, such as age, gender, height, weight, predominant sport played or the sport during which they sustained an injury, estimated time spent playing every week, if they had undergone any formal training for the sport, any preexisting MSK condition, details of the injury and the treatment taken, if any, after joining medical school, and duration from getting injured to return to studies and sports. The odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression were calculated for multiple parameters. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Seventy-four of the 402 students who responded reported sustaining a sports-related injury; 33 and 41 students reported injury while playing contact and noncontact sports, respectively. Of these, 58 students reported that they had received formal training in sports. Football, volleyball, cricket, and kabaddi were the sports during which most injuries occurred. The injury rate was 3.7 per 1000 playing or practice hours. Almost one-fifth of the students reported sustaining a sports-related MSK injury after joining medical school. The risk factors identified for these injuries were male gender, participation in team sports, participation in noncontact sports, and lack of adequate preparation or practice.

The EU’s human security based approach towards energy poverty

The phenomenon of energy poverty shows that energy issues, traditionally linked with international, regional, and national levels of analysis, have wider economic and political causes that are being manifested at the community and individual levels as well. Latest energy crisis across the European continent, coped with some structural factors such are resource scarcity, energy transition, and war between Russia and Ukraine, emphasized individualistic consequences of the ongoing energy processes. The fact that approximately 42 million people in the EU are affected by energy poverty put the phenomenon of the energy poverty very high at the EU agenda. Clear connection of this topic with human security concept made the phenomenon of energy poverty justifiable to be analysed from the people-centred perspective. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to highlight human security approach as a solid framework for understanding and analysis of the energy poverty phenomenon in the EU. Review of the significant academic knowledge base on this phenomenon, secondary data analysis from the relevant European surveys related to this issue, and analysis of adequate EU policies and practices combating energy poverty will serve to outline state-of-playwhen it comes to the energy poverty and human security nexus at the EU level.

Manejo de bezerras bubalinas

ABSTRACT One of the main stages in bubalinoculture is breeding calves, because this phase is defined by the quality of the animals that will be the future property matrices. The breeding phase extends from birth to weaning, and is delicate and precise; consequently, attending to characteristics of extreme importance in dairy farming activity such as behavioral and health aspects will aid these animals to express all of their genetic potential. Since this life phase of the animal does not generate immediate economic return to the producer, it ends up not receiving the necessary attention, contributing to low zootechnical indices and high production costs. Adopting adequate management practices is essential for the productive development of the animal that will guarantee the future good productivity of the farm. In view of the above, the objective of this study is to present the management of buffalo calves through a literature review, emphasizing that proper feeding, correct management and disease prevention are fundamental to ensuring the well-being and health of calves. These factors, together with a clean and safe environment, can maximize the productive potential of these animals. It is therefore essential that producers are well-informed and prepared to properly care for these animals during this crucial phase of their lives.

A questionnaire-based study to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Materiovigilance among health-care professionals of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Gujarat

Background: Medical devices are now an essential component of modern healthcare, providing better illness screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Every medical equipment has some level of health risk. Health-care professionals such as resident doctors, intern doctors, and nursing staff play an important role in identifying and reporting adverse events caused by medical devices. Aim and Objective: The study aimed to evaluate doctors’ awareness and attitudes concerning Materiovigilance within a tertiary care hospital setting. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study done among resident doctors, intern doctors, and nursing staff of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. To collect the relevant data of the study variable, a self-administered Google Forms-based questionnaire was created. It consists of a total of 18 questions related to KAP aspects of the Materiovigilance. The study participants were given access to the questionnaire via a digital web link using several social media platforms, and their responses were collected. Results: A total of 147 participants responded, of which 40.1% were resident doctors, 29.9% were intern doctors, and 29.9% were nursing staff. After analysis of responded data, 50% had proper Knowledge, 77.5% had proper Attitude, and 37.4% had a proper practice of materiovigilance. Conclusion: It was discovered that the participants in our study lacked adequate Materiovigilance knowledge and practice, but had better attitudes toward Materiovigilance. For the purpose of raising awareness and encouraging the reporting of adverse events caused by medical devices, more workshops and training programs must be held.

Pregnant Women and Postnatal Mothers Lack Knowledge of COVID-19 and its Preventive Measures.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. During any health emergency, the pregnant women and postnatal mothers are more vulnerable for hazards. Hence, it is important to provide them adequate knowledge and good practice guidelines as issued by the World Health Organization. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice against COVID-19 infection among Pregnant and post natal mothers in South Indian population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the pregnant women who were in their third trimester and in postnatal mothers delivered within past 3 months. Semi structured questionnaire was used to assess 134 subjects. Results: Out of 134 participants 40(29.9%) had adequate, 43(32.1%) had moderate and 51(38.1%) had inadequate knowledge. The level of practice and attitude towards COVID-19 and its prevention was good (94.8% and 93.3% respectively). There was a significant correlation between knowledge &amp;practices(P=0.023) and practices&amp; attitudes(P=0.000) among the study population. The antenatal mothers had significantly more knowledge than their postnatal counterparts (P=0.044). Age had significant association with knowledge, attitude and level of practice while parity was associated with practice levels alone. It is also evident that some practices of hand hygiene and proper breastfeeding hygiene are lacking among antenatal women and postnatal mothers. Conclusion: By virtue of the findings, it is evident that pregnant women and postnatal mothers lack adequate knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic and its preventive measures as issued by the World Health Organization. Since the knowledge &amp; practices and the practices &amp; attitudes towards COVID-19 are correlated, it is essential that meticulous steps are initiated to provide proper knowledge to the antenatal women and postnatal mothers in order to protect them from COVID-19 infection. We also found that some practices of hand hygiene and proper breastfeeding hygiene are lacking among our women. Steps must be taken to educate and encourage antenatal women and post natal mothers with respect to practices of hand hygiene and proper breastfeeding hygiene during this this ongoingCOVID-19pandemic.

Empowering Communities for Environmental Change: Waste Segregation Solutions in Alido Heights

One of the significant environmental challenges we face is improper waste segregation. Poor waste disposal practices hinder the progress of integrated solid waste management in households. This study aims to identify problems encountered during implementation and provide specific solutions to enhance the quality of life for residents and the Homeowners Association and establish adequate waste segregation practices that promote environmental cleanliness. The study utilizes quantitative and qualitative methods with a descriptive design to evaluate the waste segregation system in Alido Heights Subdivision, Bulihan, City of Malolos, Bulacan. The researchers designed a survey questionnaire with questions constructed and developed based on the issues identified by the residents. Simultaneously, interviews were conducted with an officer of the homeowners’ association to gather their knowledge and experiences. The results indicate that the respondents effectively manage household waste and segregation. Furthermore, the efficiency of the waste segregation system implemented by the subdivision reveals inadequacies in designated waste disposal equipment and the location of the dumping site, resulting in inefficient waste segregation within the subdivision. The improvement programs recommended by the subdivision’s residents include providing more garbage bins, allocating additional waste disposal sites, and implementing a campaign program to establish a more efficient segregation system among the residents in the area.