Adequate Levels Of Vitamin Research Articles

The relationship between vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19.

Vitamin D, which has immunomodulatory effect, can reduce risk of infections and concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the levels of vitamin D and severity of COVID-19. A total of 204 patients with COVID-19 disease were enrolled in the study. All patients had viral pneumonia, which was confirmed with chest computer tomography. All cases were divided in two groups- mild (outpatients); and serious (inpatients)- according to their clinical and laboratory data. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence method. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 41.7 % (n = 85) of cases and insufficiency was found in 46.0 % (n = 94), while in 12.3 % (n = 25) of cases normal vitamin D levels were found. The odds of having a serious clinical outcome were increased for vitamin D insufficiency patients 5.604 times (%95 CI:0.633-49.584) and for vitamin D deficiency patients 38.095 times (%95 CI:2.965-489.50) for each standard deviation decrease in serum 25(OH)D. Adequate levels of vitamin D could suppress inflammation and reduce the severity of COVID-19. Vitamin D supplementation may have an important role in decreasing the impact of the pandemic (Tab. 5, Fig. 2, Ref. 27).

Is the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and type 1 diabetes in children an accident or a pattern?

The results of numerous studies confirm the link between type 1 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D. In humans, the main circulating form of vitamin D is 25 (OH) D3, which is considered to predict the level of vitamin D. Children with type 1 diabetes have lower concentrations of 25 (OH) D and a greater prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency compared to healthy peers. Although the problem of vitamin D deficiency in patients with type 1 diabetes is known, it has not been established whether low vitamin D level is a trigger of type 1 diabetes or a consequence of the disease. Literature data suggest both possibilities. In addition, the relationship between vitamin D and type 1 diabetes risk depends not only on nutrition and exposure to sunlight, but also on the polymorphisms of genes involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway. The degree of vitamin D influence on the risk of type 1 diabetes is not the same in different periods of life. Vitamin D sufficiency has the most significant effect on the risk of type 1 diabetes in infancy. The article presents the effects of calcitriol on immune cells. Vitamin D receptors are present in almost all immune cells. That indicates its effect on the immune system. Vitamin D is involved in innate and adaptive immunity. The main immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D include regulation of the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and function. A number of immunomodulatory effects of calcitriol determines the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. Adequate levels of vitamin D play an important role in reducing the risk of type 1 diabetes and slowing the progression of islet cell death. Currently, recommendations for people with a high genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes should include prevention of vitamin d deficiency.

244. Relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D level and surgical site infection in spine surgery

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Surgical site infection (SSI) creates a significant burden on the patient and the health care system. Preoperative medical optimization, antibiotics have been incorporated in standard practice reduce perioperative complications, and many others are currently under investigation. In animal models, 25-hydroxy vitamin D level has been shown to have antimicrobial and wound healing effects. Preoperative levels have been shown to correlate with SSI in thoracic and bariatric surgeries. However, to date it has not been evaluated in spine patients. PURPOSE To investigate whether low vitamin D status is associated with increased risk of developing post-operative infections in spine surgeries. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective PATIENT SAMPLE Patients undergoing thoracolumbar spine surgery between November 2012 and March 2019 performed by one fellowship-trained orthopedic spine surgeon at a single academic center. OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome variable was SSI undergoing surgical intervention. METHODS We identified all patients within the stated sample and enrolled only patients with preop vitamin D levels. SSI, age, BMI, season of surgery, race, type of surgery, diagnosis, ASA, smoking status were extracted. The key independent variable was Vit D level (classified as 60 ng/mL= Potentially Harmful). Bivariate analysis with chi-square and t-tests were used to compare characteristics between the non-SSI and SSI cohorts undergoing spine surgery. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between vitamin D levels and SSIs after controlling for relevant confounders such as BMI, type of surgery, diagnosis, comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 545 patients met our inclusion criteria, 9 (1.7%) of which acquired an SSI. The mean 25-Hydroxy vitamin D was 31.6 ± 13.6 ng/dL in non-SSI group, and 35.7 ± 20.2 ng/dL in SSI group (p-value 0.17). The mean age was 56 ± 15.6 years in the non-SSI group and 64 ± 7.5 years in the SSI group (p- value 0.045). 21.7% of non-SSI patients had moderate risk of vitamin D deficiency, 27.9% had low risk of deficiency, 46.8% had adequate levels and 3.6% had potentially harmful levels. 33.3% of non-SSI patients had moderate risk of Vitamin D deficiency, 11.1% had low risk of deficiency, 33.3% had adequate levels and 22.2% had potentially harmful levels (p-value 0.02). On bivariate analysis, the percentage of patients with potentially harmful levels of Vitamin D in the SSI group was higher than in the non-SSI group (22.2% and 3.6% respectively, p-value 0.02). On multivariable analysis, patients with adequate vitamin D level had lower odds of SSI as compared to vitamin D deficient patients (OR 0.11, CI 0.01-0.98, p-value 0.048). Though not statistically significant, patients with potentially harmful vitamin D level were at higher odds of SSI (OR 1.41, CI 0.11-17.34, p-value 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis showed that patients with adequate levels of vitamin D has lower risk of SSIs as compared to vitamin D deficient patients after controlling for relevant confounders. Optimizing preop vitamin D levels could potentially reduce the incidence of SSI in spine surgery. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes

Introduction: Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and has multiple functions. It affects calcium metabolism, modulates the immune system, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Objective: To study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and neonatal outcome in a tertiary care hospital, to study the association between maternal vitamin D and medical disorders, and to correlate maternal vitamin D deficiency with neonatal vitamin D levels and neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and observational study was conducted over a period of one year on 355 antenatal women admitted for safe confinement. 4 ML of whole blood was collected from median ante-cubital fossa and vitamin D levels were assessed using ELFA [Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay] following delivery, and 2ml of cord blood was also collected and sent for Vitamin D levels. R esults: Out of the total study population, 12.96% (46) had adequate levels of vitamin D, the majority - 74.65% (265) had insufficient vitamin D levels, and 12.39% (44) had severe vitamin D deficiency. The overall deficiency among neonates was 95.22%. No significant association was found between vitamin D deficiency and maternal complications, except for the mode of delivery which was statistically significant with a P-value of 0.04. Conclusion: This study reaffirms that vitamin D deficiency is on the increase and therefore needs intervention by biochemical screening and corrective measures during pregnancy.

Correlation of plasma vitamin D levels with coronary collateral circulation

Introduction: In patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO), adequate coronary collateral circulation (CCC) supports myocardial tissue versus ischemia. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis and other chronic diseases, including type 1 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated whether coronary CTO is associated with serum levels of vitamin D and CCC. Patients and Methods: Around 216 patients with coronary CTO at coronary angiography were incorporated in this investigation. Serum 25(OH)D level and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum creatinine, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), were assessed before angiography. Patients were divided into a poor coronary collateral circulation group (Rentrop grades 0-1) or good coronary collateral circulation group (Rentrop grades 2-3). Results: A total of 216 patients (mean age 61.48±9.5 years) were included in this study. Regression analysis results displayed that serum 25(OH)D level had a significant correlation with CCC according to Rentrop scoring system (P<0.0001). We also found that variables such as gender (P=0.05), HDL-C (P=0.01) and serum creatinine (P=0.05) were a predictor for CCC. This model described 33% of the CCC’s variance in the study patients. Besides, in the analysis of clinical levels of vitamin D, it can be stated that the probability of having a high degree of Rentrop criterion in the patients with adequate level of vitamin D is 24.5 times higher than the patients with vitamin D deficiency (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the importance of informing patients with CTO commonly associated with serum vitamin D level.

Vitamin D deficiency in children with latent tuberculosis infection

The objective:to assess the level of vitamin D and parameters of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in children with latent tuberculosis infection.Subjects and methods.40 children from 3 to 17 years were enrolled in the study, they all had the abnormal reaction to Mantoux test with 2 TU but no clinical, radiological and bacteriological signs of active tuberculosis; 39 of them received preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection during the study. The following parameters were tested: blood level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcidiol, 25(OH)D) (the level of less than 10 ng/ml was considered as pronounce severe deficiency, the level of 11-20 ng/ml as moderate deficiency, 21-29 ng/ml – minor deficiency, above 30 ng/ml – an adequate level of vitamin D); total calcium, and ionized calcium.Results:87.5% (14/16) of children from the group of 3-6 years old and 96% (23/24) of children from the group of 7-17 years old were found to have vitamin D deficiency;p> 0.05. The blood level of total calcium and ionized calcium in all children was within the age norm.

Effect of vitamin D on immune response of respiratory system against influenzas and COVID-19: A review

Vitamin D could decrease the risk of viral infections with regulation of the immune system response against viral activity. Proper level of 25(OH)D decreases the risk of chronic respiratory tract infections (RTIs), malignancies, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D can decrease risk of RTIs through some mechanisms. Adequate levels of vitamin D can decrease the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines which predominantly release from innate immune cells. It also can preserve tight junctions in the base membrane. Vitamin D may eliminate enveloped viruses by activating cathelicidin (a protein in the membrane of neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells). These processes can reduce the risk of a cytokine storm and severe pneumonia. Clinical trials have shown the beneficial influences of vitamin D in decreasing the risk of viral pneumonia, dengue fever, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and herpes infections.Keywords: Vitamin D, influenza, covid-19, innate immune cells, infections

Cohort study showing correlation of Vitamin D levels with severity of illness in children admitted with acute febrile illness

Background: Acute febrile illness (AFI) which is characterized by illness without any identified source has been less explored. However, no studies have correlated AFI, its various etiologies along with stay in hospital duration, and admission in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with Vitamin D levels as per our knowledge. Objective: The present study was conducted with a cohort of children having Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and individuals with adequate levels of Vitamin D and a correlation among them was tried to be established. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study at the pediatric department of a tertiary hospital of Western India using the standard protocol. We determined severity of illness using six observational items and their scales as per acute illness observation scale (AIOS). Laboratory investigations such as complete hemogram, renal function tests, liver function tests, bacteriology cultures, radiography, and sonography were done as per indication. Serum calcium, serum phosphorous, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were evaluated in all patients. Evaluation of Vitamin D status was done in all children within 48 h of admission to the hospital using chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Outcome parameters such as the duration of hospital stay and final outcome as discharged or death were noted. Results: We found bronchiolitis as the major etiology in most of the AFI cases. The children which required NICU admission had VDD. Children, who had AIOS score >10, indicating that severity of disease was also maximum from VDD group. Moreover, the hospital stay of VDD group was significantly higher. Conclusion: Overall data suggested that condition of children with AFI deteriorated more in the group which are deficient in Vitamin D suggesting that supplementation of Vitamin D could be fruitful strategy to reduce the disease severity.

Nutrients and Porphyria: An Intriguing Crosstalk.

Porphyria refers to a group of fascinating diseases from a metabolic and nutritional standpoint as it provides an example of how metabolic manipulation can be used for therapeutic purposes. It is characterized by defects in heme synthesis, particularly in the erythrocytes and liver. Specific enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis directly depend on adequate levels of vitamins and minerals in the tissues. Moreover, micronutrients that are required for producing succinyl CoA and other intermediates in the Krebs (TCA) cycle are indirectly necessary for heme metabolism. This review summarizes articles that describe the nutritional status, supplements intake, and dietary practices of patients affected by porphyria, paying special attention to the therapeutic use of nutrients that may help or hinder this group of diseases.

Vitamin D modulates innate immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis

Abstract Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) may play role in altering host defence against Mtb via cathelicidin production and regulating nitric oxide (NO) production through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). 100 active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, 75 household contacts and 70 healthy controls were recruited. Serum Vitamin D and NO levels were measured using CLIA and colorimetry based kit respectively. VDR and iNOS mRNA was studied in monocytes using qPCR. Serum VDR, cathelicidin and iNOS levels were measured using ELISA. Lower serum levels of vitamin D was found in PTB group compared to household contacts and healthy controls (P<0.001). VDR (both mRNA and protein) and iNOS mRNA levels were also lower in PTB group compared to household contacts and healthy controls (P<0.005)probably due to decreased levels of vitamin D. However, despite low serum vitamin D, serum cathelicidin levels were higher in PTB group compared to household contacts and healthy controls (p<0.01) which could be attributed to direct trigger via toll like receptors where Mtb is multiplying actively. Serum iNOS and NO levels were higher in PTB group compared to household contacts and healthy controls (p< 0.05), despite decreased iNOS expression which needs further evaluation. Increased VDR and iNOS expression in household contacts compared to both PTB and healthy controls could be due to optimum levels of vitamin D along with some exposure to Mtb as evident by increased levels of cathelicidin and NO compared to healthy controls. Adequate levels of vitamin D, VDR and iNOS that in turn promote production of antimicrobial cathelicidin and NO might have protective role against TB among household contacts and needs further investigation for its therapeutic potential.

Relationship of Vitamin D Serum Level With Intrauterine Growth Retardation in Pregnant Women

Objectives: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a major problem in midwifery medicine for which no effective treatment has been established. This problem has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, as well as perinatal mortality. IUGR could be prevented when the treatment is administered before the occurance of irreversible changes. Hence appropriate methods for early detection and successful treatment deem necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of vitamin D serum level with IUGR in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This nested case-control study was conducted on pregnant women who had referred to Fatemieh hospital during 2016. Each of case and control groups included 130 pregnant women. Serum levels of vitamin D were tested in the blood samples obtained from the participants. At the end of the study, all data were analyzed in SPSS software version 16, and χ2 , Fisher exact and t tests were utilized for data analyses. Level of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our results showed that the average age, body mass index at the beginning of the pregnancy, blood group, employment status, and education level were not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, average serum levels of vitamin D were about 14.74 ng/L and 25.34 ng/L in the case and control groups, respectively. In those with vitamin D deficiency, the chance of IUGR was higher compared to those who had sufficient levels of vitamin D (6.27 times). Therefore, women who had vitamin D deficiency, had almost 6 times more chance of IUGR incidence compared to the women with adequate levels of vitamin D (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results verified that serum levels of vitamin D can affect the risk of IUGR; therefore, the incidence of IUGR in babies whose mothers have enough vitamin D level during pregnancy is lower than that in other babies.

The Role of Fat-Soluble Vitamins A and D in the Pathogenesis of Coronavirus: With a Focus on Pregnant Mothers

Coronavirus is known to be the leading cause of lung infection and mortality in 2020. In the meantime, recognizing the factors influencing the increase in the immune system and better therapeutic performance is highly debated. Decreased exposure to sunlight leads to vitamin D deficiency and thus to an inherent immune deficiency that subsequently acts as a trigger for the virus replication. Numerous observations indicate the role of various vitamin compounds in corona disease. This paper examines the role of fat-soluble vitamins in the immune system and its effect on the patients with corona among the pregnant women. Studies show that low concentrations of vitamins D and A increase the risk of the disease incidence. Vitamins also amplify the risk of corona in the people with high-risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, kidney and liver problems, by affecting liver function and changes in retinoid metabolism. Adequate levels of vitamins can be presented as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of corona.

Serum Vitamin D levels and associated risk factors among libyan females living in Tripoli, Libya: A cross-sectional study

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem and has been associated with religion, faith, caste, education, and socioeconomic status. Scientific evidence indicates that adequate levels of Vitamin D have important implications for the management of health problems. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and associated risk factors among Libyan females. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 262 female patients presented with nonspecific musculoskeletal and bone pain at Seoul Hospital in Tripoli, Libya. Vitamin D status was measured and risk factors for Vitamin D deficiency were assessed. Results: The mean age ± standard error of mean (SEM) of participants was 40.8 ± 0.9 years (range 18-80 years). In general, approximately 87.7% of the patients (n = 262) have serum Vitamin D concentrations below normal (

Vitamin D: Public Health Status Regional Gulf Region

Background: Vitamin D and its metabolites have a vital role to play in human health and disease like cancer, Type 1 Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, immune system, and the nervous system. In the nervous system vitamin D could influence the proliferation, differentiation of neurons also it plays an important role in neuro-trophism, neurotransmission and neuroplasticity. Further, in some cases it was reported that vitamin D could provide neuroprotection by reduction of oxidative stress, induction of synaptic structural proteins, and regulation of calcium-mediated neuronal excitotoxicity, neurotrophic factors and deficient neurotransmitters. Generally, there is hype and variations associated with the integrity of evidence on vitamins and their effect on health. Vitamin D deficiency continues to attract a renewed attention and an adequate maintenance of vitamin D levels can prevent and reduce the risk of many diseases as the active form acts at the cell nucleus (gene upregulation) and cell membrane (rapid response) in over 30 tissues and organs targeting over 200 genes. Vitamin D tends to exert endocrine actions on Kidneys, bone and intestine. Paracrine role in tissues which are under cytokine control which are able to locally metabolize vitamin D to its active form to modulate immune functions, cell proliferations and differentiations and hence maintenance of adequate levels of vitamin D has a significant impact for optimal health. Establishing what constitute vitamin D deficiency is currently replete with contradictory information. Objective: The present discourse aim is first to scrutinize and assess the literature on vitamin D function on the central nervous system (CNS). Another related aim of the present review is to highlight current data from countries with high exposure to the sun yet the people living in the region have been documented to have deficit in vitamin D. Results and conclusions: In this review, we provide a Gulf centric view on vitamin D status among all age groups including public health impact and policy recommendations for the region. The role or status of vitamin D in the various disease states, the benefits of vitamin D and how to obtain an adequate daily amount.

Improvement of Attention, Executive Functions, and Processing Speed in Elderly Women as a Result of Involvement in the Nordic Walking Training Program and Vitamin D Supplementation.

Research indicates that life satisfaction declines with age, and cognitive abilities are gradually reduced—mainly attentional functioning and cognitive processing speed. Therefore, scientists seek to find protective factors and test possible intervention programs; moderately intensive physical activity stands out as particularly promising. In this context, we evaluated the influence of Nordic Walking training supported by vitamin D supplementation (as this nutrient is especially deficient in older people in Poland) on the cognitive and psychological functioning of elderly women. A total of 52 healthy elderly women took part in a Nordic Walking training program complemented by vitamin D supplementation. Cognitive functioning was assessed with the Trail Making Test and the D2 Test of Attention. Quality of life and severity of depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Form Health Survey and the Beck Depression Inventory 2. Significant improvements in all aspects of cognitive functioning was observed (p = 0.01–0.47). The study also showed a decrease in depressive symptoms (p = 0.026). Physical activity and adequate levels of vitamin D can be the key factors in maintaining self-reliance in old age. Involvement in Nordic Walking training, supported by vitamin D supplementation, can strengthen the cognitive functioning of older people—reflected in higher attentional capabilities, better executive functions, and improved cognitive processing speed.

2,4-Thiazolidinedione in Well-Fed Lactating Dairy Goats: I. Effect on Adiposity and Milk Fat Synthesis.

Background: In a prior experiment, treatment of goats with the putative PPARγ agonist 2,4-thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD) did not affect milk fat or expression of milk-fat related genes. The lack of response was possibly due to deficiency of vitamin A and/or a poor body condition of the animals. In the present experiment, we tested the hypothesis that PPARγ activation affects milk fat synthesis in goats with a good body condition and receiving adequate levels of vitamin A. Methods: Lactating goats receiving a diet that met NRC requirements, including vitamin A, were injected with 8 mg/kg BW of 2,4-TZD (n = 6) or saline (n = 6; CTR) daily for 26 days. Blood metabolic profiling and milk yield and components were measured including fatty acid profile. Expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism was measured in adipose tissue and in mammary epithelial cells (MEC). Size of adipocytes was assessed by histological analysis. Results: NEFA, BHBA, and fatty acids available in plasma decreased while glucose increased in 2,4-TZD vs. CTR. Size of cells and expression of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism-related genes were larger in 2,4-TZD vs. CTR in adipose tissue. In MEC, expression of SCD1 and desaturation of stearate was lower in 2,4-TZD vs. CTR. Conclusions: Overall data revealed a lack of PPARγ activation by 2,4-TZD and no effect on milk fat synthesis despite a strong anti-lipolysis effect on adipose tissue.

MON-173 Vitamin D And Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetes

Vitamin D has many extra skeletal effects, of which glucose homeostasis has attracted considerable interest, with lower levels reported in certain diabetic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Vitamin D deficiency and its effect on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department over a period of 6 months comprising 191 patients using non -probability consecutive sampling. After taking informed consent, blood samples for the assessment of Vitamin D levels were obtained from the patients fulfilling inclusion criteria of the study and glycemic control was determined using HbA1c was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: A significant number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were classed as vitamin D deficient. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was found to be 69.1% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ninety-eight patients (62.4%) who had HbA1c < 8% were found to be vitamin D deficient while 34(100%) patients having HbA1c >8% showed vitamin D deficiency. Patients with vitamin D deficiency were significantly more likely to have poor glycemic control compared to those with adequate levels of vitamin D after multivariate adjustment(p<0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D levels were low in our cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with deficiency being independently and significantly related to poor glycemic control. In the view of this, we recommend early replacement of vitamin D in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus along with the specific therapy to improve the outcome as it may alter the natural history of this disease.

HUBUNGAN KADAR VITAMIN D DALAM DARAH DENGAN KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA SISWA SMA PEMBANGUNAN PADANG

The obesity cases in the world, including Indonesia is increasing. This condition also occurs to senior high school (SMA) Pembangunan students in Padang. There are several factors affecting the obesity occurrence, one them is the level of vitamin D serum. The aims of this study was to identify the relationship between vitamin D levels in the blood and the obesity occurrence.This research used cross sectional study design from March to June 2017. The samples were 82 students from SMA Pembangunan in Padang conducted by using simple random sampling. The level of obesity was determined by measuring body height and weight. The z zscore BMI/age was calculated by using the WHO antro-plus program while the vitamin D level was measured by ELISA method. The statistical analysis used independent sample t-test.The result shows that there is significant difference of the average vitamin D level in the blood of students with obesity compared to normal students (p=0,025). There is also difference in proportion of obesity occurence between the respondents who lack Vitamin D compared to those with adequate level of vitamin D (p=0,020).Based on the research, it is concluded that there is significant relationship between the level of vitamin D in the blood and the occurrence of obesity. Suggestion further research on the effect of vitamin D on obesity needs to be conducted.

Менеджмент дефіциту вітаміну D у пацієнток з дисгормональними поєднаними проліферативними захворюваннями репродуктивних органів

The lack of vitamin D, according to WHO, is a pandemic. Studies conducted in different countries show the problem of vitamin D deficiency regardless of geographical latitudes in people of different age, nationality, vitamin D intake with food, even in those countries where there is no shortage of sunny days. Low level of vitamin D is considered as an independent predictor of the formation and progression of obesity, insulin resistance, PCOS, increased risk of endometriosis, uterine leiomyoma. Along with the influence on many vital processes in the human body, vitamin D plays a very important role in regulating the reproductive function of women. D-hormone affects the reproductive organs both directly, by binding to receptors (VDR), and mediated, through stimulation of the synthesis of steroid hormones and other effects. The objective: to study the effectiveness of clinical management of vitamin D deficiency in women with combined dyshormonal proliferative diseases of the reproductive organs. Materials and methods. The study involved 350 women of active and late reproductive age, residents of the Lviv region, who applied for preventive examination or with complaints of menstrual irregularity, infertility, miscarriage, chronic pelvic pain. The complex examination included ultrasonographic screening of the pelvic organs, mammary glands, thyroid gland, for hysteroscopy, endometrial needle biopsy, diagnostic / operative laparoscopy. Level 25(OH)D in the serum was determined by the enzyme immunoassay. I group consisted of 50 women without gynecological and concomitant pathology at the time of enrollment, group II – 300 patients with dyshormonal proliferative pathology of the reproductive organs. Results. Level 25(OH)D in the blood serum averaged 33.8±2.5 ng/ml occurred in 62.0% of women without gynecological pathology and only in 21.6% of women with dyshormonal pathology of the reproductive organs, lack of vitamin D(25(OH)D 22.3±1.5 ng/ml) was detected in 24.0% and 37.7%, respectively. Deficiency of vitamin D(25(OH)D 13.8±4.6 ng/ml) in women without gynecological and somatic pathology was diagnosed in 5.0% of cases and in 36.3% of women with benign proliferative pathology of reproductive organs (p&lt;0.0001), with a severe deficit of vitamin D(25(OH)D in the serum from 4 to 9 ng/ml occurred in 73.7% of the latter.) A differential correction of vitamin D deficiency and deficiency with the use of preventive and curative doses of cholecalciferol Сonclusion. The dose of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 2000 IU/day is a sufficient preventive dose with an initial adequate level of vitamin D, but insufficient to eliminate its deficiency. Admission cholecalciferol in a daily dose of 100 mcg (4000 IU) with vitamin D deficiency allows after 3 months to reach 25–28 ng/ml 25(OH)D in the blood serum, but does not result in the level of 25(OH)D 40–50 ng/ml. Admission of 6000 IU/day cholecalciferol with severe vitamin D deficiency allows to reach 25(OH)D 40–50 ng/ml on average after 2.8±1.2 months in the absence of undesirable effects. Key words: vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, combined dyshormonal proliferative diseases of the reproductive organs, cholecalciferol.

Emerging Evidence on Neutrophil Motility Supporting Its Usefulness to Define Vitamin C Intake Requirements.

Establishing intake recommendations for vitamin C remains a challenge, as no suitable functional parameter has yet been agreed upon. In this report, we review the emerging evidence on neutrophil motility as a possible marker of vitamin C requirements and put the results in perspective with other approaches. A recent in vitro study showed that adequate levels of vitamin C were needed for this function to work optimally when measured as chemotaxis and chemokinesis. In a human study, neutrophil motility was optimal at intakes ≥250 mg/day. Interestingly, a Cochrane review showed a significant reduction in the duration of episodes of common cold with regular vitamin C intakes in a similar range. Additionally, it was shown that at a plasma level of 75 µmol/L, which is reached with vitamin C intakes ≥200 mg/day, incidences of cardiovascular disease were lowest. This evidence would suggest that daily intakes of 200 mg vitamin C might be advisable for the general adult population, which can be achieved by means of a diverse diet. However, additional studies are warranted to investigate the usefulness of neutrophil motility as a marker of vitamin C requirements.