Adequate Functioning Research Articles

Is sunshine regulation the new prescription to brighten up public hospitals in Portugal?

Health systems are complex organisations that attempt to deliver health services to meet the needs of the population. Regardless of the degree of access to and quality of those health services, the systems' sustainability has been the object of special attention by governments worldwide. To ensure their adequate functioning in light of the accountable and transparent facets of New Public Governance, one must resort to regulatory mechanisms, such as sunshine regulation. By publicly displaying the results of benchmarking assessments, sunshine regulation “embarrasses” operators with poor performances in an effort to force them to correct such divergences. Thus, in this paper, we propose a sunshine regulatory model to the public hospitals in Portugal using multi-criteria decision analysis. In particular, we created a five-star rating that categorises those operators according to their performances, by means of the outranking method electre tri-nc. As a result, we provide evidence of the existence of a majority of providers assigned to the ‘Average’ category of “Three stars” and the nonexistence of providers with unique extreme category assignments (“One star” or “Five stars”), both of which are supported by extensive stability and robustness analyses, and discussed in terms of policy implications for relevant stakeholders.

Doprinos sestrinstva zdravstvenoj zaštiti gledano kroz simbol "Belog srca"

"The white heart" as an international symbol of nursing care is a symbol that connects and unites all nurses in the world. Denoting care, tenderness, humanity, which are synonymous with the spirituality of nursing care, it represents the only vocation that seeks the most beautiful thing in a human being, and that is dedication to work and humanity in action. In the earliest periods of human society, the care for the sick was known, and drawings on the walls of caves have been preserved as witnesses, and it is mentioned in the oldest written historical documents. The beginnings of nursing are related to people of different professions, self-taught or partially qualified for the job, and health care existed only as a practice. This review paper will talk about the history, origins and modern nursing care, more precisely, theoretically, from Florence Nightingale, when professional nursing began to modern nursing today. Modern nursing care implies adequate education of staff and harmonization of education is widely present at the world level. It is the result of well-laid foundations for the development of nursing. Modern nursing practice is burdened with problems that can affect the quality of care provided, the safety of patients and the safety of nurses in the workplace. The health care system of a country in the organizational sense is the most complex system which, with its adequate functioning should provide physically, geographically and economically accessible, integrated and efficient health care. As a profession, nursing has developed through many developmental processes, always trying to adequately respond to the formulated problems of the profession, following the latest achievements and demands of community.

Temporal auditory processing in people exposed to musical instrument practice.

To investigate the influence of musical instrument practice on temporal auditory abilities and on the results of cortical potentials related to auditory events (P300) in a group of young musicians compared to individuals without experience in musical practice. This is a prospective cross-sectional observational study. In total, 34 individuals between 18 and 30 years old, of both sexes, took part and were divided in two groups: Group I (GI), composed of musicians (n=16), and Group II (GII), composed of non-musicians (n=18). All participants underwent behavioral evaluation of temporal auditory processing, composed of Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPS), Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (PPS), Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and electrophysiological evaluation - Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential - P300. GI also answered a specific questionnaire to characterize musical practice. We observed statistically significant differences with superior performance of GI compared with GII in all behavioral tests (p<0.001*). The groups' performance was similar regarding the latency and amplitude parameters analyzed from LLAEP-300 data (p>0.05). The findings show a positive influence of musical practice toward the improvement of auditory abilities of temporal ordering and resolution. All participants presented adequate cortical functioning of the central auditory nervous system, without significant differences between musicians and non-musicians when considering P300 amplitude and latency.

Processamento auditivo temporal em indivíduos expostos à prática musical instrumental

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the influence of musical instrument practice on temporal auditory abilities and on the results of cortical potentials related to auditory events (P300) in a group of young musicians compared to individuals without experience in musical practice. Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional observational study. In total, 34 individuals between 18 and 30 years old, of both sexes, took part and were divided in two groups: Group I (GI), composed of musicians (n=16), and Group II (GII), composed of non-musicians (n=18). All participants underwent behavioral evaluation of temporal auditory processing, composed of Duration Pattern Sequence Test (DPS), Pitch Pattern Sequence Test (PPS), Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and electrophysiological evaluation – Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential – P300. GI also answered a specific questionnaire to characterize musical practice. Results We observed statistically significant differences with superior performance of GI compared with GII in all behavioral tests (p&lt;0.001*). The groups’ performance was similar regarding the latency and amplitude parameters analyzed from LLAEP-300 data (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion The findings show a positive influence of musical practice toward the improvement of auditory abilities of temporal ordering and resolution. All participants presented adequate cortical functioning of the central auditory nervous system, without significant differences between musicians and non-musicians when considering P300 amplitude and latency.

Profile of health care workers infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a central district in Kerala with focus on infection control practices.

There were reports of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection cases among health-care workers from all around the world. We did a cross sectional study among 533 COVID19 affected health-care workers. About 87.43% of participants were involved in duties not directly related to COVID-19 management. About 19.6% contracted the disease from their colleagues. About 15% of the affected health-care workers had at least one comorbidity and diabetes mellitus was the most common (5%). 57% of participants presented with fever followed by body ache in 40%. Only 0.4% of the participants needed ventilator support during treatment. 36% of the participants reported household transmission from them. Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) usage and functioning infection control committee in their hospital were reported by most of the participants. The study points towards the need of adequate PPE use in the nonCOVID settings and the need for periodical assessment of infection control practices.

Dental Neglect and Its Connection to Recognize Child Abuse

Child abuse refers to all forms of emotional and physical abuse, sexual abuse, negligence, and exploitation that cause or threaten harm to child's health, development, or dignity while dental neglect is defined as failure of parents or guardians to access or follow the oral treatment required for adequate functioning and relief from pain. Dentists are very critical in recognition of child abuse due to presence of most of the abusive injuries in the oral and craniofacial region also the compromised oral health of children is a sign of neglect. However, the reporting rate of dentists for child abuse and neglect is quite low due to their various concerns in practice. The aim of this research is to review the available information about dental neglect and its connection to child abuse. The dental profession has widely accepted its role in diagnosing and resolving aspects of child abuse in the last two decades. However, there is a written but underdeveloped link between poor dental health and child abuse also there is a gap between dentist perceptions of child abuse and self-esteem and their ability to detect and disclose concerns about child protection. In order to protect children and their families from the vicious cycle of violence in today's time, dentists must evaluate, record, and report the suspected cases also awareness campaigns and seminars for general public regarding child abuse and dental neglect are needed. Specialized training programs for reporting child abuse and dental neglect for dentists should be held regularly to promote better protection for children.

Design and development of novel 3D bone scaffold for implant application

For a critical bone defect, which can't be restored by itself. Here is a new hope or a substitute curative for the disease with its natural characters for bone implantation. This is a 3D matrix used to stimulate the combination of a cell to adhere, proliferation, and differentiation. Scaffold mimics the natural functional property of bone. It is designed in CAD software and developed as a scaffold using the latest 3D printer application. Scaffold works as a restorative material with the help of this primary research performed with the 3D Scaffold to study the various essential properties of the material and its characteristics. The chitosan coating was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Hardness, compression test was conducted to identify the load-bearing with the 3D scaffold. In the biological study, we examined the 3D Scaffold with the SBF solution to check the degradation rate and the anti-bacterial activity. We conclude by evaluating all these primary studies showing an adequate functioning for implant application.

Formation of legal conscious personality in the context of socialization and legal education of children and youth

The article analyzes the legal, psychological, social and pedagogical literature on the problems of legal socialization and education of the individual, clarifies the key concepts of the study. Legal socialization of the individual is defined as a process that ensures its adaptation in the legal life of society, integration into the legal environment and legal relations, the formation of legal qualities of the individual and his legal activity for adequate functioning of the individual in legal reality. The interaction of educational institutions with the family in the legal education of children is considered a complex process of interaction of these social institutions of legal socialization on each other, which is characterized by the implementation of ties and relations of public institutions and small groups. preschool in primary school age. Under the legal upbringing of children and youth we understand personal education, which is determined by the degree of mastery of legal ideas about their own rights and responsibilities and the rights of others, formed attitude to law and legal law as values, mastery of skills to exercise their rights, perform duties and adhere to prohibitions of illegal behavior in society. The results of the study show a dynamic positive changes in the formation of legal education of children and youth of experimental groups under the influence of implemented measures in the educational process for the prevention of violations of children's rights in the family and society.

Društveno-ekonomska analiza kvaliteta života romskog stanovništva u Autonomnoj Pokrajini Vojvodini

The subject of this paper is a social economic analysis of the quality of life of the Romani population in the region of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Life on the 'edge of poverty', often endangering basic human needs and postulates worthy of a man of the 21st century, represents an imperative to a wide social community to include all its resources, so that the Roma have a dignified life and an equal status with other members of society. Seen from a sociological aspect, the concept of quality of life provides information on satisfaction with one's life and the degree of adequate functioning in the environment. In a theoretical sense, the position of each individual in society is influenced by some factors, which also apply to the Romani population. In order to establish someone's position in society, it is necessary to define criteria, which can be also called influencing factors. During the research, the principles of PEST analysis were used, with predefined political, economic, sociological-cultural, and technological criteria, i.e. factors, based on which the current position of the Roma was tested, and, the hypothetical ones, were projected on the quality of their life in the future. The general goal of this research is to improve the position of the Romani community in AP Vojvodina, observed from the point of view of the economic and social status that affects the quality of life (subjective and objective factors and others). The specific goal of the research presented in the paper is the valuation of subjective and objective factors and their direct influence on the quality of the lives of Roma. The research sample population is represented by members of the Romani community who live in the territory of AP Vojvodina.

Psychometric evaluation of the Relative Mastery Scale: An Occupational Adaptation instrument.

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Relative Mastery Scale (RMS). Valid and reliable client-centered instruments support practice in value-based health care and community-based settings. Participants were 368 community-dwelling adults aged 18 to 95 years. Researchers conducted validity and reliability examinations of the RMS using classical test theory and Rasch measurement model. A partial credit model allowed exploration of individual scale properties. Spearman's correlation coefficients between items were statistically significant at the .01 level. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .94 showing strong internal consistency. In exploratory factor analysis, Factor 1 accounted for 71% of variance with an eigenvalue of 4.26. In Rasch analysis, the 5-point rating scale demonstrated adequate functioning, confirmed unidimensionality, and person/item separation. The RMS instrument demonstrates sound psychometric characteristics. A valid and reliable measure of internal occupational adaptation supports application to monitor progress of internal occupational adaptation across a variety of individuals.

Emergency management of maxillary dentoalveolar fracture: A case report

Dentoalveolar trauma occurs in relation to injuries of fall, road traffic accidents, sports injury or physical violence. There may be injury limited to the tooth, or may involve the periodontium around, or in severe cases, alveolar bone or oral mucosa may be traumatised. There can be myriad injuries of the same structure depending upon the severity of impact. The injuries of tooth most commonly being crown fractures, followed by root fractures, luxation or complete avulsion of the tooth. Every type of dentoalveolar injury requires a specific set of clinical protocols to be followed in order to successfully diagnose and manage the particular case.We hereby report a case of a 29-year-old male patient with a history of fall under the influence of alcohol, who had fallen flat on his face and had suffered intrusive luxation of permanent maxillary right central incisor and avulsion of permanent maxillary left central and lateral incisors. The exarticulated teeth still had slight soft tissue attachment to the socket. On the patients first visit to dental OPD, being a dental emergency, the avulsed teeth were immediately restored back into the socket under local anaesthesia after adequately irrigating and debriding the socket, followed by repositioning of the internally luxated tooth, so that all were in their correct anatomical position. After checking for occlusion, they were splinted in position with Erich’s arch bar and 26 gauge SS wire and after giving post-operative instructions patient was asked to follow up after 6 weeks. At 6 weeks, the affected teeth were found to be firm and so arch bar were removed. Patient was advised to follow up further. At periodic follow ups, the patient was asymptomatic and maintained adequate oral functioning of the injured teeth, thus with good patient compliance and proper diagnosis and treatment, dentoalveolar fractures can be managed successfully. The main purpose of this article is to lay emphasis on the timing of treatment of the dentoalveolar injuries. The earlier they are managed, the better is the outcome.

Heart rate variability analysis of students with different motor activity levels

Relevance. Assessment of the functional state of the body is one of the leading tasks of physiology. The article deals with the analysis of the initial vegetative status of students with different levels of motor activity. Materials and Methods. Registration and analysis of the heart rate variability was carried out with the help of a modern complex electrophysiological laboratory CONAN - 4.5. The heart activity of students engaged in physical culture within the educational process was evaluated on the basis of heart rate variability analysis. Results and Discussion. It was revealed that among the entire studied array of students (with the differentiation of the initial vegetative status calculated according to muscle tension index), normotonics are characterized by an optimal ratio between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. At the same time, the value of the coefficient of physical activity in the studied group was determined at the level of 1.730.1. Conclusion. For vagotonics, the value of the triangular index was 2.50.2 conventional units (CU), which confirms the idea of an increase in the influence on the autonomic nervous system. The value for normotonics is 2.20.1 CU. This group was characterized by the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system. In sympathicotonics - 1.90.5 CU, which confirms the idea of increasing the influence of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. In hypersympathicotonics-1.10.4 CU. To ensure adequate functioning of the cardiovascular system and for normal adaptation to physical exertion in students, it is necessary to form a level of motor activity that quantitatively corresponds to a coefficient of physical activity of at least 1.75.

Mild hypobaric hypoxia influences splenic proliferation during the later phase of stress erythropoiesis

Tissue trauma and hemorrhagic shock are common battlefield injuries that can induce hypoxia, inflammation, and/or anemia. Inflammation and hypoxia can initiate adaptive mechanisms, such as stress erythropoiesis in the spleen, to produce red blood cells and restore the oxygen supply. In a military context, mild hypobaric hypoxia-part of the environmental milieu during aeromedical evacuation or en route care-may influence adaptive mechanisms, such as stress erythropoiesis, and host defense. In the present study, healthy (control), muscle trauma, and polytrauma (muscle trauma and hemorrhagic shock) mice were exposed to normobaric normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia for ∼17.5 h to test the hypothesis that hypobaric hypoxia exposure influences splenic erythropoiesis and splenic inflammation after polytrauma. This hypothesis was partially supported. The polytrauma + hypobaric hypoxia group exhibited more splenic neutrophils, fewer total spleen cells, and fewer splenic proliferating cells than the polytrauma+normobaric normoxia group; however, no splenic erythroid cell differences were detected between the two polytrauma groups. We also compared splenic erythropoiesis and myeloid cell numbers among control, muscle trauma, and polytrauma groups. More reticulocytes at 1.7 days (40 h) post-trauma (dpt) and neutrophils at 4 dpt were produced in the muscle trauma mice than corresponding control mice. In contrast to muscle trauma, polytrauma led to a reduced red blood cell count and elevated serum erythropoietin levels at 1.7 dpt. There were more erythroid subsets and apoptotic reticulocytes in the polytrauma mice than muscle trauma mice at 4 and 8 dpt. At 14 dpt, the red blood cell count of the polytrauma + normobaric normoxia mice was 12% lower than that of the control + normobaric normoxia mice; however, no difference was observed between polytrauma + hypobaric hypoxia and control + hypobaric hypoxia mice. Our findings suggest muscle trauma alone induces stress erythropoiesis; in a polytrauma model, hypobaric hypoxia exposure may result in the dysregulation of splenic cells, requiring a treatment plan to ensure adequate immune functioning.

Seasonal ecophysiological variations of Echinocactus platyacanthus, a specially protected cactus species: Effect of induced climate warming

Cactus species are key components in American deserts and have a high socioeconomic value. Climate change exerts a threat to biodiversity, structure and functioning within deserts and many cactus species are predicted to face extinction because of climate change. Defining which plant species could tolerate climate change effects in desert ecosystems acquires crucial importance to promote conservation of these species. Echinocactus platyacanthus is a specially protected cactus species, widely distributed in desert areas of Mexico; however, long-term implications of climate change on survival and physiological responses of this species are still unclear. We assessed the effect of induced warming in the photosynthetic performance and survival on five-years old individuals of Echinocactus platyacanthus for a year. Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to simulate the effect of global warming (a drive of climate change), while controls were exposed to the current climatic conditions. A generalized canonical correlation analysis was used to measure the intensity of the relationship among environmental variables (mean air temperature, evapotranspiration, global photon flux density, and rainfall), micro-environmental (mean temperature, mean relative humidity and photosynthetic photon flux density) and ecophysiological variables [effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Φ PSII ) and electron transport rate (ETR), both within and outside of OTCs]. OTCs had higher temperature than control plots through the seasons. Echinocactus platyacanthus showed higher seasonal variations in photosynthetic performance under warming than in current temperature; nevertheless, 100% survival in both treatments were found. The Φ PSII and ETR values were lower in summer inside OTCs but increased in autumn and winter. We found a strongest correlation between environmental and micro-environmental variables, as well as between micro-environmental and ecophysiological ones, which support the premise that the young individuals of E. platyacanthus depends on the microenvironment to survive. Although after a continuous year under induced warming, individuals of E. platyacanthus showed a decrease in the Φ PSII values during summer and spring and an increase in autumn and winter, survival was not affected. These results reflect the high tolerance in early developmental phases of E. platyacanthus , an adequate functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of this species could be an efficient physiological mechanism to face future climate change. • We assessed the seasonal effect of induced warming on Echinocactus platyacanthus. • A canonical correlation analysis was applied to assess different sets of variables. • Environmental, micro-environmental, and ecophysiological variables were assessed. • Photosynthetic responses were impacted, but survival was not affected. • We found a strongest correlation among environmental and ecophysiological variables.

Predictors of sexual satisfaction during lockdown by COVID-19 in Spain

This research, which consists of two studies, has the general objective of analyzing the impact of COVID-19 on the sexual health of 347 adults living in Spain. Study 1, focused on non-face-to-face sexual practices (sexting and pornography), revealed similar levels of sexual satisfaction in men and women, but with differences in age regarding interaction with the consumption of pornography and marital status. Study 2 focused on the changes produced with respect to the previous six months, indicating that the maintenance of sexual satisfaction does not depend on gender, but it does depend on age in interaction with face-to-face sex, marital status, and individual sex, in interaction with an adequate functioning of sexual interest. Given the challenge that this pandemic is posing, these results are useful for the mental and sexual health interventions that are currently being developed because of COVID-19.

THE EFFECT OF REDUCING THE CONTENT OF GLUTATHIONE IN THE BODY ON INCREASING THE RISK OF DEATH IN COVID-19

Abstract: Extensive observations and research in scientific areas studying the occurrence, pathogenesis and spread of socially significant diseases, as well as a huge amount of studied literature data on observations of COVID-19 patients around the world, many authors come to the conclusion that a decrease in the content of glutathione in the human body leads to numerous complications, their severe course and death of patients. A review of the literature on this issue leaves no doubt that oxidative stress (OS) and the inflammatory process initiated by it trigger and underlie the pathogenetic processes of chronic diseases, especially those diseases that burden the course and prognosis of the new COVID - 19 coronavirus infection (these are metabolic disorders: diabetes mellitus, severe forms of obesity; these are cardiovascular diseases, of course, diseases of the respiratory system, oncological diseases and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract). Oxidative stress is a sharp increase in oxidative processes in the body, which is the result of the accumulation of free radicals in the body, due to increased release of reactive oxygen species and/or insufficient activity of the antioxidant defense system. The signal for starting this type of reaction can be a certain change in the intracellular environment, leading to a shift in the equilibrium of the concentrations of pro-oxidant and antioxidant components, followed by activation of oxidation processes. After a thorough analysis of the literature, it was concluded that in the variety of all possible antioxidants present in the body, it is glutathione that can guarantee a solid foundation for the adequate functioning of the antioxidant system and a decrease in its content in the body can initiate failures in the work of various organs and systems.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM LOW-INTENSITY IONIZING RADIATION AND COLD FACTOR ON MORPHOFUNCTIONAL INDICATORS OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN MOUSSEID RODS

The adrenal gland occupies one of the central places in the regulation and implementation of such vital processes as growth, development, reproductive behavior and adaptation of the body to changing conditions of existence; it plays an important role in maintaining the body's resistance to adverse influences.. Any change in external conditions that require the intensification of metabolism affects in a certain way the functional activity of the adrenal glands. So, changes in morphological indicators of adrenal activity can be considered as an indicator of the functional tension of the body. The structure of adrenal glands is sensitive to the effects of various environmental factors, which has been shown in many works, but data on changes in the structure of adrenal glands in animals exposed to chronic exposure to a low-intensity radiation factor are extremely scarce. The problem of chronic exposure to radiation on living organisms is also of particular importance due to the variety of environmental, chemical and physical factors that, in combination with ionizing radiation, can cause a wide range of biological effects. It is very difficult to predict the results of such interactions; even the effects of their separate influence have not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, it becomes important to study the enhancement or weakening of the biological effect with the simultaneous influence of several factors. The aim of our study was to reveal the features of the histo-functional state of the adrenal glands under the combined effects of chronic ionizing radiation in small doses and the cold factor. During the first experimental series, voles were chronically exposed by ү-irradiation for 2 months and 4 months. Absorbed dose was 5.2–7.31 cGy respectively. During the second experimental series, voles were cooled at temperatures 0 оС and -10 оС, after which they were taken out of the experiment. During the third experimental series, we combined the types of exposure.. The control groups of voles were in the vivarium under normal radiation background and temperature – +20 оС. The study of morphological changes in the adrenal glands allowed us to reveal structural and functional reactive changes in the action of the studied factors, as well as to assess the functional reserves of the adrenal glands. The experiments were carried out on sexually mature males – descendants of voles, caught in areas with normal and increased radiation background (subzone of northern taiga, Uhtinskiy radium monitoring station, Komi Republic). The analysis of experimental studies revealed a general pattern, manifested in the form of activation of the secretory activity of the adrenal cortex. It was established that the severity of morpho-functional indicators of the adrenal glands increases in proportion to the strength and duration of exposure in the dynamics of the isolated action of the factor of chronic exposure and low temperatures, as well as their combined action. The conclusion is made about the possible significance of the synergistic interaction of hypothermia in enhancing the effects of chronic exposure. The results of our study contribute to understanding the cellular mechanisms of adaptation of root voles to radioactive contamination in the north, as well as the dependence of morphological parameters on additional impacts in the environment. The importance of adaptive rearrangements, a complex of structural changes in various systems of the body, namely, its adequate functioning and survival under the chronic action of stress factors, determines the priority direction of such studies.

Linguistic "purity", morphological borrowings and issues of cross-cultural communication

The article deals with several aspects of language regulation considering social, economic, and political factors as well as their reflection in amateur and academic dictionaries of the English and French languages.&#x0D; It is shown that although the issues of language "purity" have been raised over several centuries, the approaches to the solution of these issues in different countries vary significantly. These differences are primarily associated with the status of the language in the globalizing world of today. Consequently, there is a broad spectrum of political, economic, and social factors that set in motion the various mechanisms of language regulation – from purely scientific interest or laments over the "beauty of the original language" to issues of adequate functioning and, ultimately, the survival of national languages.

P.155 Prospective cohort analysis of normal versus mild cognitive impairment for quality of life outcome following DBS for Parkinson’s disease

Background: All guidelines for DBS in Parkinson’s disease (PD) include a contraindication for ‘dementia’. It is unclear where this cut-off should occur and if patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) do not do as well. This prospective cohort analysis assessed if pre-operative cognition affected post-operative quality of life. Methods: PD patients receiving bilateral STN-DBS (n=100) were prospectively studied using STROBE guidelines. All had Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), motor (UPDRS), mood (BDI-II), and quality of life (Parkinson Disease Questionnaire summary index, PDQ-39-SI). Two cohorts, pre-operative MCI (MoCA:18-25) and normal cognition (MoCA:26-30), had post-operative PDQ-39-SI at 1-year. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with an improved PDQ-39-SI at 1-year. Results: Cohorts were not significantly different in age, severity of illness, response to dopamine, or mood. MCI was present in 27/100. Improved quality of life at 1-year occurred in 75% with normal cognition and 70% with MCI (p=0.54) with RR=1.1 (95% CI, 0.8-1.5). Linear regression analysis showed no correlation between pre-operative cognition and post-operative outcome (R2=0.02). Conclusions: Parkinson’s patients with MCI should be offered DBS if their motor symptoms require surgery. Guidelines for DBS surgery in PD should change from “dementia is contraindicated” to “patients require adequate cognitive functioning, MoCA318”.

Estrogenic hormones receptors in Alzheimer's disease.

Estrogens are hormones that play a critical role during development and growth for the adequate functioning of the reproductive system of women, as well as for maintaining bones, metabolism, and cognition. During menopause, the levels of estrogens are decreased, altering their signaling mediated by their intracellular receptors such as estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ), and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In the brain, the reduction of molecular pathways mediated by estrogenic receptors seems to favor the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in postmenopausal women. In this review, we investigate the participation of estrogen receptors in AD in women during aging.