Adequacy Of Actions Research Articles

A theoretical perspective on action consequences in action imagery: internal prediction as an essential mechanism to detect errors

Acting in the environment results in both intended and unintended consequences. Action consequences provide feedback about the adequacy of actions while they are in progress and when they are completed and therefore contribute to monitoring actions, facilitate error detection, and are crucial for motor learning. In action imagery, no actual action takes place, and consequently, no actual action consequences are produced. However, imagined action consequences may replace actual action consequences, serving a similar function and facilitating performance improvements akin to that occurring with actual actions. In this paper, we conceptualize action imagery as a simulation based on internal models. During that simulation, forward models predict action consequences. A comparison of predicted and intended action consequences sometimes indicates the occurrence of action errors (or deviations from optimal performance) in action imagery. We review research indicating that action errors are indeed sometimes imagined in action imagery. These results are compatible with the view that action imagery is based on motor simulation but incompatible with the view that action imagery is solely based on abstract knowledge. The outlined framework seems suitable to cover a wide range of action imagery phenomena and can explain action imagery practice effects.

Comparative analysis of the psychological content of the «time perspective», «image of the future» and «goal» concepts

Semantic and systematic (psychological) analysis of scientific and specialized literature allowed to conduct mental reality research which is hidden behind the concepts of time perspective, image of the future and goal. It is proved that the main bearing, mostly unconscious formation is the image of the future, while the time perspective turns out to be a strategic characteristic that sets the ultimate guidelines of the image of the future, and the goal is the point of transcending this image from subjective reality into objective reality, which is accomplished starting with verbalization the idea. From this point of view, the goal acts as a tactical aspect of transcendence (self-realization). According to the results of the theoretical study, a hypothesis was put forward that in a situation of uncertainty, the formation of an image of the future is mostly heuristic and reliable process, which was verified in a preliminary study in the form of a formative experiment using the T-IGR method. In this experiment, perspective acted as a qualitative characteristic of the image of the future. His results confirmed that by itself the formulation of the desired future in the form of a goal does not provide support for resisting the flow of random events. Whereas the connection of the image of the future makes a person face the need for integration, coordination of the image at all levels of subjective regulation, starting with mental representation and ending with the adequacy of actions.

Information and analytical activities of "brain centers"

The need for constant analysis of intensive information flows has led the most successful social systems to create structures of information and analytical activities (ІАА) aimed at the adequacy of action in conditions of total change in the situation. Highly intelligent analytical technologies appear, systems of specialized institutions or subdivisions called "brain centers" — analytical centers (AC), are formed as part of various organizations engaged in analytical research in their field.
 The article is devoted to the study of the main types of information and analytical activities, methods and technologies of AC development, characteristics and experience of "brain centers" of some countries.

Russia’s expectations of society from justice: will digitalization help?

The article explores the importance of justice in the life of society in conjunction with the rapidly developing processes of judicial digitalization. The data of domestic sociological studies are presented. It is reflecting the expectations of the Russian society from justice, which determine what requirements citizens make to judges. The article analyzes the ongoing digital reform in the field of justice, its program aims and objectives, the results achieved, as well as the impact of these results on the perception of the judicial system by society, and trust to it. It is stated that, a significant part of the stated program aims in the field of digitalization as a result of the implementation of the relevant federal programs has been achieved. However, despite some interconnection with society through the introduction of digital technology, the level of trust to the judiciary remains extremely low. The declared and achieved aims of the development of information technologies are applied. They have pragmatic nature, associated primarily with the acceleration of legal proceedings and rationalization of the doing of the judiciary and those involved in the orbit of their activities. However, the expectations of society are in the plane of comprehension, justice, adequacy of actions and decisions of judges, and are, rather, moral and professional nature, not limited to universally implemented information technologies. In this regard, it was concluded that the stated and achieved goals of the digitalization of the judicial sphere do not coincide with the expectations set by society for its functioning.

RISK MANAGEMENT AS AN ELEMENT OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL IN THE POLICE

The number of imposed and implemented tasks by the modern state is associated, inter alia, with the growth of administration, the implementation of many new procedures, public expectations for a quick and effective response. Such situations forced the creation of a new control system, on the one hand, exercised over the implementation of tasks by the state, and on the other, their settlement. It is important to realize that such a settlement cannot be limited only to the achieved financial result. The current view on the balance of activities must have a wider horizon, including answers to questions regarding effectiveness, legality, timeliness, savings, adequacy of actions that have been taken, as well as effects in relation to the objectives and needs. The traditional meaning of control means comparing the actual state with the planned state required by law and finding irregularities in relation to the assumed state. Management control is a broader concept. The main activities are undertaken to ensure the implementation of objectives and tasks in a lawful, effective, economical and timely manner, taking into account such elements as internal procedures, compliance of the entity’s activities with the law, as well as developed and implemented internal procedures, reliability of prepared reporting documentation, compliance with ethical principles, effective communication and risk management.

A semantic integration approach to publish and retrieve ecological data

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a four-level architecture that aims at integrating, publishing and retrieving ecological data making use of linked data (LD). It allows scientists to explore taxonomical, spatial and temporal ecological information, access trophic chain relations between species and complement this information with other data sets published on the Web of data. The development of ecological information repositories is a crucial step to organize and catalog natural reserves. However, they present some challenges regarding their effectiveness to provide a shared and global view of biodiversity data, such as data heterogeneity, lack of metadata standardization and data interoperability. LD rose as an interesting technology to solve some of these challenges. Design/methodology/approach – Ecological data, which is produced and collected from different media resources, is stored in distinct relational databases and published as RDF triples, using a relational-Resource Description Format mapping language. An application ontology reflects a global view of these datasets and share with them the same vocabulary. Scientists specify their data views by selecting their objects of interest in a friendly way. A data view is internally represented as an algebraic scientific workflow that applies data transformation operations to integrate data sources. Findings – Despite of years of investment, data integration continues offering scientists challenges in obtaining consolidated data views of a large number of heterogeneous scientific data sources. The semantic integration approach presented in this paper simplifies this process both in terms of mappings and query answering through data views. Social implications – This work provides knowledge about the Guanabara Bay ecosystem, as well as to be a source of answers to the anthropic and climatic impacts on the bay ecosystem. Additionally, this work will enable evaluating the adequacy of actions that are being taken to clean up Guanabara Bay, regarding the marine ecology. Originality/value – Mapping complexity is traded by the process of generating the exported ontology. The approach reduces the problem of integration to that of mappings between homogeneous ontologies. As a byproduct, data views are easily rewritten into queries over data sources. The architecture is general and although applied to the ecological context, it can be extended to other domains.