Analysis Of Adequacy Research Articles

A Microsimulation Model for Sustainability and Detailed Adequacy Analysis of the Retirement Pension System

The sustainability and adequacy of pension systems are central to public policy debates in aging societies. This paper introduces a novel microsimulation model with probabilistic behavior to assess these dual challenges in the Spanish pension system. The model employs a mixed-projection method, integrating a macro approach—using economic and demographic aggregates from official sources such as the Spanish Statistics Office (INE) and Eurostat—with a micro approach based on the Continuous Sample of Working Lives (MCVL) dataset from Spanish Social Security. This framework enables individual-level projections of key labor market variables, including work time, salary, and initial pensions, under diverse reform scenarios. The results demonstrate the model’s ability to predict initial pensions with high accuracy, providing detailed insights into adequacy by age, gender, and income levels, as well as distributional measures such as density functions and quantiles. Sustainability findings indicate that pension expenditures are projected to stabilize at 13.9% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2050. The proposed model provides a robust and versatile tool for policymakers, offering a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term impacts of pension reforms on both system sustainability and individual adequacy.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE AREAS FOR THE LOCATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES USING MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS BASED ON GIS AND AHP IN THE CITY OF EL KHROUB, ALGERIA

Random and spontaneous urban growth is the result of massive natural population growth, as it is in all developing countries. As for our study air, it also results from the unloading of the mother city of Constantine to the satellite city of El-Khroub, which gave urbanization the power to take over its vast environment, An uneven distribution of public facilities in the city’s major districts, as well as traffic jams. This work attempted to determine the suitability of urban land for the location of public facilities in the city. It should be noted that land suitability assessment is a major factor in urban planning and management. Our land adequacy assessment is subject to the AHP model, calculating the weighting of various criteria including physical, socio-economic, environmental and urban. The final adequacy analysis revealed the proportion of land most suitable, estimated at 3.52% of the total area, covering mainly fallow land. The results of this study provide a detailed mapping of urban development potential, integrating both existing data and future projections.

Evaluating SIKS-NG's Performance in Jabon District Social Welfare

Background: The integration of information systems into social welfare initiatives is increasingly important in rural areas. Specific Background: This study examines the effectiveness of the Next-Generation Social Welfare Information System (SIKS-NG) in a specific village, highlighting the role of human resources and supporting infrastructure. Knowledge Gap: Previous research emphasizes the need for trained personnel but lacks comprehensive analysis of resource adequacy. Aims: The research assesses the effectiveness of SIKS-NG in updating social assistance data, focusing on operators and available resources. Results: Findings reveal that effective implementation relies on competent operators and sufficient technological resources, such as computers and smartphones. Novelty: This study offers a comparative analysis with prior research, highlighting improved resource provision. Implications: The results emphasize the need for local governments to invest in human capital and technology to enhance social welfare outcomes and address poverty effectively. Highlights : Effective implementation of SIKS-NG relies on trained operators. Adequate technological resources, including computers and smartphones, are essential. Local government investment in human capital enhances social welfare outcomes. Keywords: Social Welfare, Information System, SIKS-NG, Rural Development, Human Resources

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE AREAS FOR THE LOCATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES USING MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS BASED ON GIS AND AHP IN THE CITY OF EL KHROUB, ALGERIA

Random and spontaneous urban growth is the result of massive natural population growth, as it is in all developing countries. As for our study air, it also results from the unloading of the mother city of Constantine to the satellite city of El-Khroub, which gave urbanization the power to take over its vast environment, An uneven distribution of public facilities in the city’s major districts, as well as traffic jams. This work attempted to determine the suitability of urban land for the location of public facilities in the city. It should be noted that land suitability assessment is a major factor in urban planning and management. Our land adequacy assessment is subject to the AHP model, calculating the weighting of various criteria including physical, socio-economic, environmental and urban. The final adequacy analysis revealed the proportion of land most suitable, estimated at 3.52% of the total area, covering mainly fallow land. The results of this study provide a detailed mapping of urban development potential, integrating both existing data and future projections.

Effects of Replacing Cow's Milk with Plant-Based Beverages on Potential Nutrient Intake in Sustainable Healthy Dietary Patterns: A Case Study.

More consumers are replacing cow's milk (CM) with plant-based drinks (PBD), but data indicating the nutritional impact are limited. This theoretical study aims to assess the effect of substituting CM with PBD sold in Italy on nutrient intake within two dietary patterns: one aligned with the EAT-Lancet Commission reference diet adapted to Italian food habits (EAT-IT) and another one in line with the Italian Dietary Guidelines (IDG). Nutrition information from 368 PBD were collected and categorized according to their descriptive name and their fortification or not with calcium (Ca- and nCa-fortified). The substitution of CM with each PBD category in both dietary patterns was conducted, and an analysis of nutrient content and adequacy was performed. Substituting CM with all PBD resulted in reduced protein intake, except for nCa-fortified soy drinks, decreased saturated fat and vitamins B2 and B12, and increased fiber intake. Replacing CM with nCa-fortified PBD within both diets decreased Ca intake. Following the substitution of CM with Ca-fortified PBD, variations in vitamin D intake depended on the PBD category. The main risk of nutritional inadequacy was observed in Ca and vitamin D levels, which may even be amplified considering the different bioavailability based on the source of nutrients. This study highlighted the important role of CM in meeting calcium requirements and the potential unintended consequences of substituting CM with PBD without considering their nutritional differences.

The Configuration Path of the New Rural Collective Economy to Promote the Common Prosperity of Farmers: Based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis Method and the Rural Cases in Zhejiang, China

The new rural collective economy is an important external mechanism for promoting the common prosperity of Chinese farmers. At the same time, the livelihood capital of farmers provides an essential internal support. Achieving an effective match between the two elements is a significant research issue. This article, based on the survey data from 1024 rural households in 43 villages in Zhejiang Province, China, defines the economic functions, social functions, management functions, and cultural functions of the new rural collective economy. The study employs the qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the role of the new rural collective economy in the promotion of the common prosperity of rural households. The necessity analysis shows that the single-factor condition is not the necessary condition for the common prosperity of farmers. However, the adequacy analysis reveals that the linkage and match between the new rural collective economy and the farmers’ livelihood capital can create multiple equivalent pathways for the farmers’ common prosperity. These pathways include the economic function-driven model of the new rural collective economy, the driven model of the high-level livelihoods combined economic functions, the joint model of social function and management functions, the natural capital-driven model, and the joint model of human capital and social capital. Based on these findings, this article proposes targeted governance strategies, including creating pillar industries, strengthening public management services, expanding the scope of social services, and building a coordination mechanism between the new type of rural collective economy and farmers’ livelihood capital.

Comparative analysis of food service satisfaction and nutritional adequacy between private hospitals and academic hospitals in patients with non-communicable diseases

Comparative analysis of food service satisfaction and nutritional adequacy between private hospitals and academic hospitals in patients with non-communicable diseases

Considering the reliability of gas supply to power plants in the analysis of electric power system adequacy

One of the promising directions for further development of the methodology for investigating and ensuring the reliability of energy systems is the consideration of integrated energy systems. This is caused by the need for the adequate reflection of their joint operation. Previously, the authors proposed several methodological approaches based on "node," "system," and "evaluation" to assess the adequacy of an electric power system when this is operating jointly with a gas supply system. In that case, the focus was made only on high-pressure gas supply systems (simplified calculation). This work aims to consider not only the high-pressure gas systems, but also to take into account the influence of lowpressure gas systems (refined calculation) on the adequacy of electric power system. This approach appears to be more technologically advanced and corresponds to the real conditions of the functioning of integrated power systems. The studies were carried out using the “node” approach, its reference calculation being the most accurate one. The methods applied in the research are probability theory and mathematical statistics: a particular theorem on the repetition of experiments (Bernoulli's trial), calculation of probability distribution series, theorems of addition and multiplication of probabilities. A comparative analysis of reference calculations of the electric power system adequacy was carried out for simplified and refined connection schemes in the gas system (two cases were considered: a highly reliable low-pressure gas system and a low-reliability one). The calculations were performed on an illustrative example of a power system. Assessment of the load supply reliability in integrated systems must factor in the process features of the systems at issue, the block diagram of their connections, as well as the accuracy of the results obtained and the complexity of searching and preparing initial data for the corresponding research model.

Analysis of Supply and Adequacy of Food Based on Food Balance Sheets (Case Study in Purworejo Regency)

One of the factors that cause poverty is the inadequacy of calories from food. The purpose of this study was to find out how much the availability of food ingredients in Purworejo Regency was to meet the needs of the community and to provide an overview of the existing food availability situation. This study used a survey involving 180 respondents from wholesalers in 16 sub-districts in Purworejo Regency, as well as secondary data from related offices/agencies. The method used is a calculation using the Foodstuff Balance which consists of 11 food groups, the level of public consumption of these food groups, to the availability of carbohydrate, protein and fat energy per capita. The results of the analysis obtained: (1) The availability of carbohydrates in Purworejo Regency is 2,619 kcal/cap/day, (2) The availability of Protein is 71.60 grams/cap/day and (3) The availability of Fat is 43.54 grams/day cap/day. Overall the availability of calories and protein in Purworejo has met national standards according to WNPG XI 2018, which is set at 2400 kcal/cap/day, so that the sufficiency of food availability in Purworejo Regency is more than sufficient to meet the needs of its people.

Studi Perencanaan Irigasi DAS Malaya di Kecamatan Lemong Kabupaten Pesisir Barat Provinsi Lampung Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis

Pesisir Barat Regency has large land potential in agriculture sector, especially for rice cultivation, including in the administrative area of Lemong District. To increase the productivity of paddy fields at Lemong District, it is necessary to analyze the irrigation water needs. Therefore, research was carried out on the analysis of rice irrigation water needs and the river water discharge needed for irrigation. The research was carried out in analysis stages including analysis of water balance using SWAT models which is integrated in the geographic information system, analysis of plant water needs, analysis of water irrigation needs, minimum discharge needed for land irrigation and analysis of water resource adequacy. The research result show that the potential water resource in Lemong District can meet the irrigation water needs of rice cultivation in two planting seasons with coverrage area that can be developed of 76.42 hectares. Meanwhile, in the third planting season for planting of secondary crops, the potential of river discharge is only sufficient for 19 hectares and in order for the target planting area of 76.42 hectares to be archieved it is necessery to add irrigation originating from ground water (pump irrigation) with discharge of 0.51 m3/sec. Keywords: Geographic information system, Irrigation, SWAT.

Higher intake of certain nutrients among older adults is associated with better cognitive function: an analysis of NHANES 2011–2014

BackgroundAn increasing number of adults are over the age of 65, and there is concern about the increasing prevalence of age-associated cognitive decline and poor mental health status in older adults in the United States. Several nutrients are known to have important biological roles in brain health and neurological function, but many individuals fall short of recommended intake levels. The objective of this study was to examine the association between nutrient intake and cognitive function. We also explored whether nutrient intake was associated with depression.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 and included participants ≥ 60 years of age who had reliable day 1 dietary recall data and either valid cognitive function data (n = 2713) or valid depression score data (n = 2943). The sample was stratified by gender, and cognitive functioning test (CFT) composite z-scores were analyzed by quartiles. Depression status was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).ResultsHigher intake and adequacy of a number of different nutrients from food were associated with higher cognitive function in both males and females. Nutrients that showed the most consistent associations with cognitive function across intake and adequacy analyses for food in both males and females were vitamin A, vitamin E, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folate, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin K, and lutein and zeaxanthin (p < 0.05 for all). These associations were positive with increasing intake and adequacy being associated with higher CFT composite z-scores. Analysis of nutrient intake and depression yielded results that differed by gender. In females, the nutrients that showed consistent inverse associations with depression scores across both intake and adequacy analyses for food were vitamin A, vitamin C, magnesium, vitamin K, potassium, and dietary fiber (p < 0.05 for all). In males, no significant associations between nutrient intake from food and depression scores were observed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that older adults with sufficient intakes of certain essential nutrients have higher cognitive function. Future studies are needed to confirm whether a well-balanced diet and/or dietary supplements which emphasize these nutrients are effective for prevention of age-related declines in cognitive function and mood.

시도교육청 교원정원 운영 현황 분석 및 진단 방안 연구

The purpose of this study is to present an analysis and diagnosis model for reviewing the appropriateness of the teacher quota operation of the local education offices to improve the efficiency of teacher operation and to prepare a reasonable national-level teacher allocation plan. To this end, 21 detailed indicators (drafts), including basic quotas, appropriate size, future education, and appropriateness of supply and demand plans, were presented through analysis of the operation and diagnosis of teachers' quotas at the metropolitan and provincial offices of education. In addition, an analysis model was developed using the number of students and schools as predictors to analyze the adequacy of teacher quotas at the metropolitan and provincial offices of education. Using the regression coefficients derived from the analysis results, the expected and actual quotas for teachers by the metropolitan and provincial offices of education were compared to present changes in areas that under- and overcrowded teacher quotas, and proposed ways to utilize the analysis results. As a result of the study, first, it was necessary to upgrade the data management system related to the designation and index of analysis specialized institutions for the adequacy analysis and diagnosis of teacher quota allocation at the metropolitan and provincial offices of education, second, the introduction of a minimum teacher allocation system, and third, improvement of teacher allocation methods in overcrowded classrooms or new schools, and finally, transparency of teacher allocation standards and methods by metropolitan and provincial offices of education.

Adequacy Analysis Using UAV of Heavy Rainfall Disaster Reduction Facilities According to Urban Development in Republic of Korea

Urban development is a project that enhances human life, but its hydrological impact increases runoff by expanding impervious areas. Furthermore, localized and intense rainfall resulting from the effects of climate change is exacerbating damage to urban areas. The Republic of Korea has established detention ponds as reduction facilities for heavy rainfall disasters, and the law stipulates that the impact of disasters that increase due to the development projects will remain unchanged from before. However, ensuring precision in millimeter or centimeter units during the design of reduction facilities is challenging. In this study, our aim is to assess the suitability of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the detention pond, a facility that reduces runoff resulting from urban development. The target area is a detention pond located in Innovation City, Ulsan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea. We compared and analyzed design drawings and topographical data. The increased runoff due to the development project was 0.59 m3/s, and the effectiveness of disaster reduction was evaluated by the installation of a detention pond. The detention pond’s reduction effect was analyzed to be 1.16 m3/s for the design drawing and 1.57 m3/s for the topographical analysis. The detention pond currently in place in the target area was found to provide additional disaster reduction benefits compared to the original design plan. The findings of this study can be utilized in relevant laws and guidelines as a method to evaluate the suitability of future reduction facilities.

180. Multicenter Analysis of Adequacy of Empiric and Definitive Therapy by Time to Culture Result in Hospitalized Patients with Blood Culture Positive for Carbapenem Resistant and Susceptible Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract Background Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of pathogens causing bloodstream infections (BSI) is critical to providing accurate patient therapy. We conducted a multicenter evaluation of inadequate empiric (IET) and definitive therapy (IDT) from culture turn-around-time (TAT) in carbapenem susceptible (Carb-S) and carbapenem non-susceptible (Carb-NS) Enterobacterales (ENT) and P. aeruginosa (PSA) from blood specimens. Methods Hospitalized adults (≥ 18 yo) with facility reported AST from 2018-2022 across 161 facilities in the BD Insights Research Database (Franklin Lakes, NJ) were identified for non-contaminant Carb-S and Carb-NS ENT and PSA from blood specimens. We evaluated antibacterial therapy as IET (from culture collection to prior to first AST result) and IDT (48-hours post first AST result and not discharged) by 12-hour increments of culture TAT (date/time first AST results minus date/time culture collection). Results In total, we identified 42,125 ENT of which 1.2% (525) were Carb-NS, and 3,750 PSA of which 11.3% (423) were Carb-NS. The median time to AST results (hrs.) was significantly longer in Carb-NS ENT vs. Carb-S ENT (73.0 vs. 60.0) and in Carb-NS PSA vs. Carb-S PSA (77.8 vs. 69.5; Table 1). Average IDT was significantly lower than IET in Carb-S ENT (2.0% vs. 6.2%), Carb-NS ENT (15.1% vs. 45.6%), Carb-S PSA (3.6% vs. 10.8%) and Carb-NS PSA (14.6% vs. 39.8%) pathogen results. IDT was lower than IET at each 12-hour increment of availability of AST results (Figures 2, 3). IDT was also lower than IET at each 12-hour increment of availability of AST results for Carb-S ENT and Carb-NS ENT (Figure 2) and Carb-S PSA and Carb-NS PSA (Figure 3). Overall IDT was 15.1% and 14.6% in Carb-NS ENT and Carb-NS PSA, respectively, and only 2.0% and 3.6% in Carb-S ENT and Carb-S PSA, respectively.Table 1.Characteristics for hospitalized adults with blood culture positive Enterobacterales (ENT) and P. aeruginosa (PSA).* p&amp;lt;0.0001 for IDT vs. IET; ^ p &amp;lt; 0.0001 for Carb-NS vs. Carb-S. Carb, carbapenem; IDT, inadequate definitive therapy (pathogen identified was not covered or was not susceptible to any antibiotics received from time of AST result until 48-hours later); IET, inadequate empiric therapy (pathogen identified not covered or was not susceptible to any antibiotics received from Day -2 until the time of AST result); NS, not susceptible; TAT, turn-around, time. * A patient’s admission can have both a Carb-S and Carb-NS pathogen.Figure 1.Cumulative TAT (hr.) for ENT, Carb-NS ENT, PSA and Carb-NS PSA in blood samples from hospitalized adult patients.Figure 2.Percent IET and IDT in ENT and Carb-NS ENT by AST TAT (hours) Conclusion The time it takes to obtain a pathogen identification and AST results for Carb-NS ENT and PSA organisms is longer than Carb-S ENT and PSA organisms, resulting in Carb-NS patients remaining on IET for extended periods of time. Additionally, since a higher percentage of Carb-NS patients never receive adequate targeted therapy, efforts to integrate diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship can improve both timing of culture results and receipt of adequate therapy.Figure 3.Percent IET and IDT in PSA and Carb-NS PSA by AST TAT (hours) Disclosures Lauren Cooper, PhD, MPH, D(ABMM), AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Becton Dickinson, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Kalvin Yu, MD, FIDSA, BD: Stocks/Bonds ChinEn Ai, MPH, Becton, Dickinson and Company: Employee Anuprita Patkar, PhD, BD: Grant/Research Support|BD: Stocks/Bonds Vikas Gupta, PharmD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD): Employee of BD|Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD): Stocks/Bonds

CONTROL INFORMATION OF STATISTICAL DATA BASED ON DISPERSION ANALYSIS

Problem statement. The accuracy and reliability of the source statistical material is the most important task of statistical observation. Even with a good organization of observations or conducting an experiment, for one reason or another, inaccuracies, errors, that is, registration errors, may appear. Analysis of the existing method of information control shows that it is too complicated, uses different criteria depending on the sample size, critical criteria values are selected from tables, calculation is performed using formulas and statistical functions of the Excel function master. The purpose of the article is to develop a method of information control based on dispersion analysis of observation data. Results. A single database of analogue objects is created. To correctly create a combined database, you need to be sure that the combined data belong to the same general population. The complexity of dispersion analysis depends on the size of the samples. If several samples of the same volume are combined, then it is easy to check their homogeneity with the help of the “One-factor dispersion analysis” tool, in the output of which the calculated and critical value F- Fisher's test - are given. The examples show that with the help of dispersion analysis it is possible not only to establish the homogeneity of samples, but also the reason for its violation. A method of dispersion analysis of the homogeneity of samples of different volumes was created using the “Descriptive statistics” tool of the analysis package. The adequacy check of the regression model of the active experiment was performed. The experiment plan determines the accuracy of the regression model. Some point is selected in the factor space and many points in its neighborhood are considered. An experiment is being conducted in this neighborhood, on the basis of which the first model is being built. The main requirement for the model is the ability to predict the direction of further experiments with the required accuracy. And the accuracy of this prediction in all search directions should be the same. A model that satisfies this requirement is called adequate. Checking the feasibility of this condition is called model adequacy analysis. In the process of conducting the experiment, it is necessary to make sure that the measured response values belong to the same general population and the technological process does not require regulation. For this purpose, is carried parallel experiments. After conducting 4 experiments according to the experiment planning matrix, it is necessary to make sure of the received response samples’ homogeneity and the reproducibility of the experiments. Conclusions. The performed calculations prove that: the existing method of information control is too complex and has significant disadvantages − different criteria are used depending on the sample size, critical values of the criteria are selected from tables, the calculation is performed using formulas and statistical functions of the Excel function master; the method of information control based on dispersion analysis does not have these disadvantages and is universal, because there is one criterion for small and large samples, the calculated and critical value of F-criterion are given in the initial information of the tool “One-factor dispersion analysis”, it can be used to create a single database analogue objects and to check the adequacy of the regression model at the active experiment.

Reliability evaluation of distribution network for educational purpose: An analytical approach to results analysis

Despite the decade-long development in distribution networks, they are still unable to fulfil society's increasing need for reliable power supply. Investment is necessary for reliability enhancement, which will increase the consumer supply costs. This paper presents a new strategy to enhance the reliability of the network based on network restructuring. This study offers the cost-worth reliability indices, followed by an associated mathematical model with the objective function to reduce the well-known reliability indices Expected Interruption Cost (ECOST) and Energy Not Served (ENS). A Modified Greedy Search Algorithm (MGSA) is introduced to the network optimization for global optimal configuration. Furthermore, to make the model more efficient and realistic, the suggested approach incorporates the effects of fuse failure probability. The impact of the system's islanded operation on the reliability indices is also evaluated. The simulation results show 3.33 % reduction in System Average Frequency Index (SAIFI) as compared with the Fast Adequacy Analysis Method. The results shows that the value of ENS using the proposed MGSA compared to SA and GA improved by 100 %. The application of the proposed strategy on the distribution network connected at BUS-2 of Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS), shows the accuracy and computational effectiveness of the proposed model compared to the state-of-the-art conventional simulation-based topology-variable-based approaches.

Analysis of the results adequacy of the fuselage finite-element modeling in the vicinity of a large cutout

The issues of ensuring the reliability of the finite element models (FEM) of the fuselage in the hatch cutout zone are considered at the early aircraft design stages. The purpose and tasks of research are formulated. To assess the reliability of mathematical models, the objects with standards were selected. The methods of experimental research and measuring instruments are discussed. The results of a comparative analysis of the numerical experiment with analytical solutions and full-size experiments data are presented. For the validation of FEM structures, the checkable characteristics and types of their verification are determined. The results of this research contain a discussion of the impact of finite element mesh details on a stress concentration factor, an adequacy of modeling the stress and strain field in the vicinity of the cutout and taking into account a nonlinearity in strength calculations of structures with stress concentration. This paper focuses on the analysis of modeling a framed cylindrical shell with a large rectangular cutout, for which full-size tests were conducted by TSAGI researchers. Strains of strong frames, limiting the cutout in a cylindrical shell, shearing and equivalent stress in the skin, normal stresses in stringers at the intersection with the strong frame, displacements of strong frames cross-sections at test points are analyzed. Based on the results of this research, the recommendations for modeling thin-walled fuselage structures in the vicinity of a large cutout, ensuring the performance of calculations with engineering accuracy were formulated.

Telecytology rapid onsite evaluation, with real-time communication between cytopathologist, cytotechnologist, and proceduralist, offers better adequacy rates for lymph node, but not thyroid, fine-needle aspirations

Rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) decreases rates of inadequate fine-needle aspirations (FNAs). Telecytology allows pathologists to perform ROSE without being physically "on site", thereby saving cytopathologists' travel time and allowing them to perform ROSE for multiple institutions. Little research exists comparing telecytology to non-telecytology ROSE for FNA inadequacy rates. Using previously obtained quality metrics, we compared inadequacy rates for lymph node and thyroid FNAs with and without ROSE and with non-telecytology ROSE compared with telecytology ROSE. Use of ROSE was determined by the proceduralist. Type of ROSE was location-based, as only certain locations at our institution have telecytology capabilities. Chi-squared testing was used to compare proportions of populations and P value was set to 0.05. A total of 1168 lymph node and 1177 thyroid FNAs were included in our adequacy analysis. We found any ROSE decreased our inadequacy rate for both lymph node (20.4% to 12.7%, P = 0.002) and thyroid (34.7% to 4.8%, P = 7.4 × 10-18) FNAs. We found telecytology further decreased our inadequacy rate for lymph node (13.8% to 5.9%, P = 0.016), but not thyroid (3.3% to 5.0%, P = 0.34), FNAs. At our institution, when using telecytology, slides are read in real time with the cytotechnologist and the proceduralist looking at slides together near the patient bedside, while the cytopathologist is on the phone looking at slides on the computer screen via Dameware. When non-telecytology ROSE is performed, the cytotechnologist evaluates a slide, brings it to the cytopathologist's office and then the cytopathologist calls the proceduralist to discuss the slide. We believe telecytology offers an opportunity for more inclusive communication thereby improving adequacy rates for more complex cases, like lymph nodes, without affecting adequacy rates for cases where assessment of adequacy is less complex, like thyroid. This research supports use of telecytology especially for complex cases.

Comparative Analysis of Capital Adequacy &amp; Earnings Capacity of Select Public &amp; Private Sector banks of India based on CAMEL Approach

The objective of this paper is to perform comparative analysis of the financial performance of 5 public and 5 private sector banks of India over a period of five years i.e. (2008-09 to 2012-13). For this purpose, CAMEL approach has been used. CAMEL is an acronym for measures Capital adequacy, Assets quality, Management soundness, Earnings, and Liquidity.&#x0D; Out of five, two measures are taken for analysis i.e. Capital Adequacy and Earnings Capacity. Ten commercial banks were selected purposively for the study. The ratios depicting the CAMEL parameters were calculated based on the publicly available information published at Reserve Bank of India, Indian Bankers’ Association, annual reports of respective banks and Moneycontrol.com.&#x0D; T Test has been applied to test four hypothesis and findings have been statistically counted.&#x0D; From the aforementioned, summarized findings, we can clearly note that private sector banks do well in terms of both indicators of financial performance.&#x0D; &#x0D; Private sector banks capital adequacy is more than public sector banks.&#x0D; Private sector banks earn more profit margin than public sector banks.&#x0D; &#x0D; It is found that public sector banks provide more net worth to the shareholders with compare to private sector banks.

Food Security of Small-Scale Fishermen's Households in Prigi Bay, Trenggalek Regency

The dependence of fishermen on obtaining income during the fishing season can cause problems in fulfilling food needs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the food security of small-scale fishermen's households. The sampling technique was a purposive sampling of 75 small-scale fishing households. The data analysis used was Jonsson and Toole's analysis of food expenditure, energy adequacy and food security. The results showed when it is not fish season or moderate season, some fishing households do productive activities outside of fishing, such as cultivating forest land belonging to the Indonesian Forestry Minister, becoming marine tour guides, and having livestock and a working wife. As a result, household income can meet basic food and non-food expenditures. The average level of energy consumption is 2,772.8 kcal/capita/day, and the average protein consumption is 177.8 grams/capita/day. The calories from grains or rice reach 780 kcal/capita/day, and the highest protein source comes from fish getting 140.7 grams/capita/day. All fisherman household respondents have a proportion of expenditure for food consumption less than sixty per cent and a gonad maturity level of more than eighty per cent. This value indicates that all small-scale fishing households are food insecure. The existence of activities outside of catching fish diversifies business in the household, enabling fishing households to meet the basic needs of food and non-food and food security.