Additional Conditions Research Articles

Symptom representations in people with multimorbidity undergoing treatment for cancer: a qualitative descriptive study.

The symptom representations (i.e., beliefs and attitudes) that people with cancer hold about their symptom experience can impact how they self-manage their symptoms. Having two or more chronic conditions (multimorbidity) can complicate illness representations. Little is known about symptom representations in people with cancer and multimorbidity. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with a sample of adults with a diagnosis of cancer and at least one additional chronic condition. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand their symptom representations. Leventhal's Common-Sense Model of Illness Representations (i.e., identity, consequences, cure/control, timeline, and cause) provided the guiding framework.A qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify codes, themes, and subthemes. The mean age of the participants (n = 17) was 62.1years andprimary cancer sites were gastrointestinal,thoracic,orhead/neck. Five themes were identified: (1) perceiving and living with symptoms, (2) being unable to do things, (3) self-management behaviors, (4) domino theory, and (5) a side effect of conditions. These themes aligned with Leventhal's Common-Sense Model dimensions. The interaction among diagnoses and multimorbidity was identified by a minority of participants. People with cancer and multimorbidity described symptom representations primarily in the context of cancer. Consistent with previous research, symptoms negatively impacted their lives, and their representations include an understanding of how symptoms interact. Few participants described their symptoms within the larger context of multimorbidity. Future research is needed to determine how symptom representations impact their communication patterns with providers and coping behaviors.

Association between Multimorbidity and End-of-Life Outcomes among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence from 28 Countries.

Multimorbidity poses significant challenges to the well-being of middle-aged and older adults, but its impact on end-of-life experiences remains relatively underexplored and inconsistent. This study aims to investigate the association between the number of chronic conditions and 6 end-of-life outcomes across 28 countries. Longitudinal analyses. Data were drawn from 6625 participants in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Information on 12 chronic non-communicable conditions was self-reported by participants in core interviews and categorized into 4 groups: 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 chronic conditions. Six end-of-life outcomes were reported by proxy respondents during end-of-life interviews after participants' deaths. These outcomes included the place of death, duration of hospital stays in the last year of life, hospice or palliative care utilization, and symptoms such as pain, breathlessness, and anxiety or sadness in the last month of life. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association between the number of chronic conditions and end-of-life outcomes. Among the included participants, having 3 or more chronic conditions was positively associated with dying in a hospital [odds ratio (OR), 1.31; 95% CI, 1.15-1.49)], staying in hospitals for 3months or more during the last year of life (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.04-1.78), and experiencing symptoms such as pain (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.34-2.08), breathlessness (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08-1.60), and anxiety or sadness (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12-1.83) in the last month of life after adjusting for covariates. In addition, each additional chronic condition was associated with 6% to 12% increases in the odds of these end-of-life outcomes, except for hospice or palliative care utilization. Our findings underscore the significant impact of multimorbidity on end-of-life experiences and highlight the importance of coordinated care strategies to address the complex needs of patients with multimorbidity and alleviate their symptom burden.

The Role of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Neonatal and Fetal Brain Research.

The biochemical composition and structure of the brain are in a rapid change during the exuberant stage of fetal and neonatal development. 1H-MRS is a noninvasive tool that can evaluate brain metabolites in healthy fetuses and infants as well as those with neurological diseases. This review aims to provide readers with an understanding of 1) the basic principles and technical considerations relevant to 1H-MRS in the fetal-neonatal brain and 2) the role of 1H-MRS in early fetal-neonatal development brain research. We performed a PubMed search to identify original studies using 1H-MRS in neonates and fetuses to establish the clinical applications of 1H-MRS. The eligible studies for this review included original research with 1H-MRS applications to the fetal-neonatal brain in healthy and high-risk conditions. We ran our search between 2000 and 2023, then added in several high-impact landmark publications from the 1990s. A total of 366 results appeared. After, we excluded original studies that did not include fetuses or neonates, non-proton MRS and non-neurological studies. Eventually, 110 studies were included in this literature review. Overall, the function of 1H-MRS in healthy fetal-neonatal brain studies focuses on measuring the change of metabolite concentrations during neurodevelopment and the physical properties of the metabolites such as T1/T2 relaxation times. For high-risk neonates, studies in very low birth weight preterm infants and full-term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, along with examining the associations between brain biochemistry and cognitive neurodevelopment are most common. Additional high-risk conditions included infants with congenital heart disease or metabolic diseases, as well as fetuses of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders were of specific interest to researchers using 1H-MRS. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Preliminary Reference Intervals for Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Fractions and an Examination of MRP-126 as a Potential Marker of Inflammation in the Aldabra Giant Tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea)

The diagnostic utility and reference intervals for blood studies in Aldabra giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea) are not well described. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been evaluated in non-mammalian vertebrates and shows a higher fraction resolution and less overall variation in results than agarose gel electrophoresis. To date, the investigation of novel biomarkers has been limited in reptiles. MRP-126, a calgranulin homologue in reptiles, has not been evaluated for its diagnostic potential in tortoises. The goals of this study were to establish preliminary reference intervals for CZE protein electrophoresis and to examine MRP-126 as a potential biomarker of inflammation in Aldabra giant tortoises. In 27 clinically healthy tortoises, CZE resolved seven protein fractions. In tortoises with an inflammatory or infectious disease process (n = 4), MRP-126 concentrations and CZE fractions did not consistently increase or were abnormal. To strengthen the understanding of the diagnostic value of CZE and MRP-126 concentration in this species, future studies should evaluate a larger sample set inclusive of repeated measures of clinically abnormal tortoises as well as CZE and MRP-126 variations in regard to additional health conditions, age, sex, season, and geographic location.

Successful Management of Post-Thymectomy Pure Red Cell Aplasia with Rituximab: A Case Report

Background: Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare cause of anemia characterized by decreased red blood cell production, often associated with thymomas. While thymectomy is commonly performed to treat thymoma-associated PRCA, the development of PRCA post-thymectomy is less understood. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 25-year-old woman who developed PRCA and autoimmune diabetes mellitus (DM) following radical thymectomy for malignant thymoma. Initial treatment with prednisolone showed minimal improvement, leading to the inclusion of rituximab. This combination resulted in a significant increase in reticulocyte counts and transfusion independence. Discussion: This case highlights the potential for PRCA to develop after thymectomy and the challenges of treating PRCA in the context of additional conditions like autoimmune DM. While immunosuppressive therapies such as cyclosporin A and corticosteroids are standard, their side effects necessitated exploring alternative treatments. Rituximab proved effective and was well-tolerated, suggesting its potential as a primary option in similar cases. Conclusion: This case illustrates the occurrence of PRCA after thymectomy and highlights rituximab’s effectiveness as a treatment option, offering a viable alternative to standard therapies in managing this complex condition.

Products of commutators in matrix rings

Abstract Let R be a ring and let $n\ge 2$ . We discuss the question of whether every element in the matrix ring $M_n(R)$ is a product of (additive) commutators $[x,y]=xy-yx$ , for $x,y\in M_n(R)$ . An example showing that this does not always hold, even when R is commutative, is provided. If, however, R has Bass stable rank one, then under various additional conditions every element in $M_n(R)$ is a product of three commutators. Further, if R is a division ring with infinite center, then every element in $M_n(R)$ is a product of two commutators. If R is a field and $a\in M_n(R)$ , then every element in $M_n(R)$ is a sum of elements of the form $[a,x][a,y]$ with $x,y\in M_n(R)$ if and only if the degree of the minimal polynomial of a is greater than $2$ .

On the solvability of an inverse problem for the Burgers equation with an integral overdetermination condition in a nonlinearly degenerating domain

Abstract The paper considers an inverse problem and a direct problem for the Burgers equation in a domain with movable boundaries. With the help of an additional condition, a formula is obtained for determining the desired function from a direct problem for the loaded Burgers equation for the solvability of which we require a condition on the functions according to which the boundaries of the domain change. The solvability of direct problems is proved using a priori estimates and the methods of Faedo–Galerkin and functional analysis.

A New Facet of a Decreasing Rearrangement Approach to Solving a Class of Urysohn Integral Equations

This article deals in an L 2 -setting with ill-posed nonlinear operator equations [ F ( x , κ ) ] ( s ) : = ∫ 0 1 x ( t ) κ − s dt = y ( s ) ( 0 ≤ s ≤ 1 ) . Here, a family of parameter-dependent specific integral equations of Urysohn type is considered, equipped with some exponent κ > 0 as parameter. As inverse problem, the decreasing rearrangement x ∗ of the uniformly bounded positive function x and the parameter κ are to be determined simultaneously from observations of the right-hand side y. Under some additional conditions, it can be shown that the pair ( x ∗ , κ ) of solutions is uniquely determined whenever y belongs to the range of the forward operator F. Exploiting the analytical and numerical results from [1] for the special exponent κ = 2 , one is able to get some solutions for general exponents in steps. Alternatively, by use of a classical regularization approach and a suitable discretization technique, computational results are presented in two example situations.

A Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Food Insecurity Among People Experiencing Housing Insecurity and Homelessness in the United States.

Studies suggest that people experiencing housing insecurity and homelessness (HIH) have varying experiences with food insecurity. We estimated the prevalence of food insecurity and identified the factors associated with it among people experiencing HIH in the United States. We conducted a meta-analysis of the prevalence of food insecurity among people experiencing HIH and a systematic review of associated factors through a comprehensive search of 8 academic databases. We identified 3398 unique articles and included 40 studies in the review that met the following criteria: included observational or experimental data on the prevalence of food insecurity among people experiencing HIH, conducted in the United States, and written in English. The overall prevalence of food insecurity was 57% (95% CI, 48%-65%). Most people experiencing HIH had food insecurity, and our estimated prevalence among people experiencing HIH was >4 times higher than the prevalence in the US population. Experiencing symptoms of a mental health condition (eg, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety) in addition to HIH was most frequently (7 datasets) associated with increased odds of food insecurity. Social and institutional support was most frequently (5 datasets) associated with decreased odds of food insecurity. Our findings suggest that multisector coordination is needed to address individual- and system-level factors associated with food insecurity and HIH.

Initial Boundary Value Problem for Partial Differential–Algebraic Equations With Parameter

ABSTRACTThe paper addresses an initial boundary value problem for a partial differential–algebraic equation involving a parameter. An integral condition with respect to the time derivative of the unknown function is provided as an additional condition to determine this parameter. The Dzhumabaev parameterization method is employed to solve the problem. The domain is subdivided, and functional parameters are defined as the values of the solution along the internal lines of the subdomains. This reformulates the original problem into an equivalent initial boundary value problem for a system of hyperbolic equations with parameters and associated functional relations. The paper develops algorithms to solve the problem, demonstrating their applicability. Furthermore, conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the initial boundary value problem, involving the partial differential–algebraic equation with a parameter and discrete memory, are established.

End‐to‐End Crystal Structure Prediction from Powder X‐Ray Diffraction

AbstractPowder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) is a prevalent technique in materials characterization. While the analysis of PXRD often requires extensive human manual intervention, and most automated method only achieved at coarse‐grained level. The more difficult and important task of fine‐grained crystal structure prediction from PXRD remains unaddressed. This study introduces XtalNet, the first equivariant deep generative model for end‐to‐end crystal structure prediction from PXRD. Unlike previous crystal structure prediction methods that rely solely on composition, XtalNet leverages PXRD as an additional condition, eliminating ambiguity and enabling the generation of complex organic structures with up to 400 atoms in the unit cell. XtalNet comprises two modules: a Contrastive PXRD‐Crystal Pretraining (CPCP) module that aligns PXRD space with crystal structure space, and a Conditional Crystal Structure Generation (CCSG) module that generates candidate crystal structures conditioned on PXRD patterns. Evaluation on two MOF datasets (hMOF‐100 and hMOF‐400) demonstrates XtalNet's effectiveness. XtalNet achieves a top‐10 Match Rate of 90.2% and 79% for hMOF‐100 and hMOF‐400 in conditional crystal structure prediction task, respectively. XtalNet enables the direct prediction of crystal structures from experimental measurements, eliminating the need for manual intervention and external databases. This opens up new possibilities for automated crystal structure determination and the accelerated discovery of novel materials.

Showing the effects of comorbidity of Diabetes Mellitus on diabetics’ population from a simple linear mathematical model

It is an established fact that many infectious diseases, including COVID-19, AIDS are difficult to treat in the presence of various other comorbid diseases. It is, therefore, imperative to examine the impact of comorbidity in a noninfectious disease like diabetes. This study examines the effect of comorbidity of Diabetes mellitus on the population dynamics of individuals with and without complications by modifying an existing simple linear mathematical model. A parameter was added to account for the rate of developing comorbid diabetes in the existing mathematical model. The stability nature of the model was determined and found to be asymptotically stable. The problem was solved using analytical and numerical methods of Runge-Kutta of order four, Euler method, and Fundamental matrix. Numerical solutions compare favorably with the analytic solutions. Graphical comparisons were made between the solutions of the original and modified models. The model predicts a continued increase in the number of diabetics, but effective and simultaneous management of Diabetes Mellitus, its complications, and comorbidities can significantly reduce the number of diabetics with complications. Managing any additional medical conditions that a diabetic may have is crucial for effective Diabetes Mellitus management.

Direct synthesis of enone-hydrazones under solvent free and additive free conditions.

A series of enone-hydrazones were synthesized through the reaction of enaminones with hydrazones under solvent-free, additive-free, and metal-catalyst-free conditions. The target products were obtained in high yields, with outstanding group tolerance, stereoselectivity, and chemical selectivity. In this work, a series of novel enaminone skeleton compounds were synthesized, and deuteration experiments showed that enone-hydrazones have different properties from traditional electron-deficient enketones.

On the Method of Solving the Fuzzy Multicriteria Traveling Salesman Problem

The paper studies a fuzzy multi-criteria traveling salesman problem with criteria in the form of distance and travel time along the route. The problem statement is formalized, the concept of a compromise is defined. Two-criteria problems with an additional condition on the order of visiting nodes of the transport network are considered. A new algorithm for solving the resulting problem is proposed. Numerous experiments and a comparison of the obtained solutions with optimal ones for standard single-criteria statements are conducted

On positive vectors in indefinite inner product spaces

Let [Formula: see text] be a linear space equipped with an indefinite inner product [Formula: see text]. Denote by [Formula: see text] the nonlinear set of positive vectors in [Formula: see text]. We demonstrate that the properties of a linear operator [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] can be uniquely determined by its restriction to [Formula: see text]. In particular, we prove that the bijectivity of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] is equivalent to [Formula: see text] being close to a unitary operator with respect to [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we consider a one-parameter semi-group of operators [Formula: see text], where each [Formula: see text] maps [Formula: see text] onto itself in a one-to-one manner. We show that, under this natural restriction, the semi-group [Formula: see text] can be transformed into a one-parameter group [Formula: see text] of operators that are unitary with respect to [Formula: see text]. By imposing additional conditions, we show how to construct a suitable definite inner product [Formula: see text], based on [Formula: see text], which guarantees the unitarity of the operators [Formula: see text] in the Hilbert space obtained by completing [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text].

Conditions for maximal regularity of solutions to fourth-order differential equations

This article investigates a fourth-order differential equation defined in a Hilbert space, with an unbounded intermediate coefficient and potential. The key distinction from previous research lies in the fact that the intermediate term of the equation does not obey to the differential operator formed by its extreme terms. The study establishes that the generalized solution to the equation is maximally regular, if the intermediate coefficient satisfies an additional condition of slow oscillation. A corresponding coercive estimate is obtained, with the constant explicitly expressed in terms of the coefficients’ conditions. Fourth-order differential equations appear in various models describing transverse vibrations of homogeneous beams or plates, viscous flows, bending waves, and etc. Boundary value problems for such equations have been addressed in numerous works, and the results obtained have been extended to cases with smooth variable coefficients. The smoothness conditions imposed on the coefficients in this study are necessary for the existence of the adjoint operator. One notable feature of the results is that the constraints only apply to the coefficients themselves; no conditions are placed on their derivatives. Secondly, the coefficient of the lowest order in the equation may be zero, moreover, it may not be unbounded from below.

Cardiovascular Health Status in US Adults With Chronic Diseases: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013-2018.

Cardiovascular health (CVH) assessment may have important benefits for adults with chronic diseases to prevent incident cardiovascular disease and additional chronic conditions. Few studies have compared CVH in adults with chronic diseases and healthy adults without chronic disease using the American Heart Association's (AHA's) Life's Essential 8 (LE8) metrics. We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2013 to 2018 to identify the presence of 16 chronic diseases by participant self-report of diagnosis. We included adults aged 20 to 79 years. CVH was defined by AHA's LE8 metrics. Overall mean LE8 (range 0-100, higher = better CVH) and individual LE8 metric scores were calculated according to disease status for all participants and stratified by self-identified sex, race, and ethnicity. There were 12 296 adults (51% women; mean age, 46 years) representing >186 million noninstitutionalized US adults. Significantly, and often substantially, lower CVH scores were noted for adults with chronic disease (14 of 16 diseases studied) versus unaffected adults, including all subtypes of cardiovascular disease, lung diseases, chronic kidney disease, liver conditions, cancer, arthritis, cognitive decline, and depression. For example, mean overall LE8 score was 14.0 points lower in those with versus without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (51.0 versus 65.0, P<0.0001). Men and Black adults consistently had lower LE8 scores. CVH is significantly poorer in adults with many chronic diseases compared with unaffected adults. These data suggest the utility of the LE8 score to identify groups for targeted optimization of CVH to enhance primary and secondary prevention efforts for cardiovascular disease and potentially for concomitant chronic diseases of aging.

Global well-posedness and large-time behavior for a special 21 2D full compressible viscous non-resistive MHD system

In this paper, we consider the full compressible, viscous, non-resistive MHD system under the assumption that the fluids move on a plane while the magnetic field is oriented vertically. Within the framework of Besov spaces, by introducing several new unknown quantities and exploiting the intrinsic structure of the system, we prove the global well-posedness of strong solutions for initial data close to a constant equilibrium state. Furthermore, under some suitable additional conditions involving only the low-frequency part of the initial perturbation, we develop a Lyapunov-type energy argument, which yields the optimal time-decay rates of the global solution. To the best of our knowledge, our result is the first one on global-in-time solvability to the full compressible, viscous, non-resistive MHD system in multi-dimensional whole space.

The Prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases Among Children With Type I Diabetes Mellitus.

Background Type I diabetes mellitus(T1DM) is a prevalent chronic illness that typically manifests in childhood. In patients who are genetically predisposed to diabetes, complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes. There is proof that the onset of type 1 diabetes raises the possibility of developing additional autoimmune conditions. This has to do with the hereditary predisposition to these illnesses. As the autoimmune process in pancreatic beta cells advances, it may also impact other organs, leading to the emergence of autoimmune diseases that are either organ-specific or organ-nonspecific. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of autoimmune disorders among children who are diagnosed with T1DM in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, and assess the potential impact of these conditions on other comorbidities. Methods Over the course of three years, from 2020 to 2023, children with T1DM were the subjects of this descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit of the Maternity and Children's Hospital in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.There were 281 participants in total. Clinical and laboratory research was conducted on autoimmune T1DM. Results A total of 281 T1DM children were investigated, with 59.9% being female and 43.1% being male. The mean age was 12.8 ± 3.3 years, and the mean disease duration at the end of follow-up was 6.6 ± 2.9 years. Among these participants, 5.3% were diagnosed with at least one autoimmune disease (AID). Celiac disease is the most commonly reported AID, accounting for 56.3%, followed by hypothyroidism (31.3%). An increased risk of developing AIDs was linked to significant associations between older age (>10 years old) and longer duration of DM (p<0.05). Conclusion The data show a high prevalence of autoimmune comorbidities among pediatric T1DM patients treated at our department. The findings highlight the importance of regular screenings in facilitating timely diagnosis and intervention, which is critical in promoting the well-being and normative development of pediatric patients.

On the river flow motion in the bend channel cross-section

At the river bed curves, secondary flow normal to the main flow direction are formed. Depending on the channel geometry, there may be several secondary flows in the cross-section, and they may have different scales. Even a small secondary cross-section flow affects the parameters of the hydrodynamic flow and this influence must be taken into account when modeling riverbed processes and researching coast deformations of the channel. Three-dimensional modeling of such multi-scale processes requires large computational costs and is currently possible only for small model channels. Therefore, a reduced-dimensional model is proposed in this paper to study coastal processes. The performed reduction of the problem from a three-dimensional model of river flow motion to a two-dimensional one in the plane of the channel cross-section assumes that the hydrodynamic flow is quasi-stationary and the hypotheses on the asymptotic behavior of the flow along the flow coordinate are fulfilled for it. Taking into account these limitations, a mathematical model of the problem of a stationary turbulent calm river flow in a channel cross-section is formulated in this work. The problem is formulated in a mixed velocity–vortex–stream function formulation. Specifying of the boundary conditions on the flow free surface for the velocity field determined in the normal and tangential directions to the cross-section axis is required as additional conditions for the problem reduction. It is assumed that the values of this velocity field should be determined from the solution of auxiliary problems or obtained from data of natural or experimental measurements. The finite element method in the Petrov–Galerkin formulation is used for the numerical solution of the formulated problem. A discrete analog of the problem is obtained and an algorithm for its solution is proposed. The performed numerical studies showed generally good agreement between the obtained solutions and the known experimental data. The authors associate the errors in the numerical results with the need for a more accurate determination of the radial component of the velocity field in the cross-section by selecting and calibrating a more suitable model for turbulent viscosity calculating and a more accurate determination of the boundary conditions on the cross-section free boundary.