Additional Problems Research Articles

Constrained Multiobjective Optimization via Multitasking and Knowledge Transfer

Solving constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs) with various features and challenges via evolutionary algorithms is very popular. Existing methods usually adopt an additional helper problem to simplify and solve them by divide-and-conquer. This paper proposes a new multitasking framework for CMOPs, borrowing the idea of evolutionary multitasking optimization. The main contributions are i) a multitasking framework is proposed, where a CMOP is modeled as a multitasking optimization problem with three tasks. Then, it is solved by constraint-first, constraint-ignored, and constraint-relaxed multi-objective evolutionary algorithms; ii) a knowledge expression and a transfer strategy are devised to transfer the knowledge among the tasks; and iii) based on the proposed framework, a new two-stage algorithm is presented to solve CMOPs. The effectiveness of our approach is validated through experiments on four CMOP benchmark suites and 19 real-world CMOPs.

In Vitro Assessment of Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Novel Bioactive, Biodegradable Electrospun Fiber Meshes Intended to Support Tendon Rupture Repair.

The surgical repair of a ruptured tendon faces two major problems: specifically increased fibrous adhesion to the surrounding tissue and inferior mechanical properties of the scar tissue compared to the native tissue. Bacterial attachment to implant materials is an additional problem as it might lead to severe infections and impaired recovery. To counteract adhesion formation, two novel implant materials were fabricated by electrospinning, namely, a random fiber mesh containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in a ratio of 1:1 (HA/PEO 1:1) and 1:4 (HA/PEO 1:4), respectively. Electrospun DegraPol (DP) treated with silver nanoparticles (DP-Ag) was developed to counteract the bacterial attachment. The three novel materials were compared to the previously described DP and DP with incorporated insulin-like growth factor-1 (DP-IGF-1), two implant materials that were also designed to improve tendon repair. To test whether the materials are prone to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, we assessed 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis, known for causing nosocomial infections. Fiber diameter, pore size, and water contact angle, reflecting different degrees of hydrophobicity, were used to characterize all materials. Generally, we observed higher biofilm formation on the more hydrophobic DP as compared to the more hydrophilic DP-IGF-1 and a trend toward reduced biofilm formation for DP treated with silver nanoparticles. For the two HA/PEO implants, a similar biofilm formation was observed. All tested materials were highly prone to bacterial adherence and biofilm formation, pointing toward the need of further material development, including the optimized incorporation of antibacterial agents such as silver nanoparticles or antibiotics.

Unobservable costly effort in security design

I introduce unobservable costly effort into the canonical signalling model of security design. The choice of effort determines the quality of the security and creates an additional optimisation problem the firm must solve. My main result is that both optimal effort and optimal profits are decreasing in the firm’s preference for liquidity. I also show that optimal effort is greater under symmetric information. My approach provides a theoretical explanation for empirical results that cannot be obtained within the standard signalling framework. In addition, I extend existing methods to solve signalling models with endogenous private information.

Development of hybrid heuristic‐assisted dynamic data auditing strategy in cloud sector

AbstractCloud computing is performed by hosting the data of data owners on cloud servers, where the data consumers (users) are able to get the data over servers. Though, several security aspects are raised during cloud storage regarding the data availability and data integrity. On the other hand, a novel scheme of data hosting services is introduced owing to data outsourcing which also raises additional security problems. In addition, several methods are presented by taking either “identity‐based cryptography (IBC) or public key infrastructure (PKI).” Hence, a secure and effective dynamic data auditing scheme is preferable for convincing data owners to ensure precise data storage in the cloud. This paper focuses on implementing a new hybrid heuristic‐assisted strategy for managing cloud storage with the help of efficient auditing schemes. This paper tries to optimize the data structures in the cloud storage with a new improved hybrid differential evolution‐teamwork optimization algorithm (HED‐TOA) with the integration of the teamwork optimization algorithm (TOA) and differential evolution (DE) algorithms. It aims to alleviate the problems raised during the dynamic data update operations including “insert, modify, delete, and append.” This improved HED‐TOA help in performing the data auditing. This model overcomes the problem of modifications occurring in the data structure while doing the dynamic data update operations and thus, it ensures efficient data auditing and data management in cloud computing. This work considers the aim of reducing computation as well as communication costs during the data storage process in the cloud. The performance estimation demonstrates that there is considerable contrast between the traditional methods and the proposed technique in terms of the communication and computation cost on the cloud and auditor.

The effectiveness of extended postpartum comprehensive health care bundle selected outcomes of women with preeclampsia at 6 months: protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Background: Women who have experienced pre-eclampsia (PE) may also face additional health problems in later life, as the condition is associated with an increased risk of death from 2-fold increased risk of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, stroke, an approximate 5-12-fold increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Methods: Method was randomized controlled trial. Women with PE who delivered in PGIMER will be enrolled and will be allocated into experimental ad control group using a computer random table with allocation concealment. Enrolment will be done at the time of discharge; baseline assessment will be done 6 weeks and the intervention bundle will be implemented to the women in experimental group. The women in control group will receive routine care. Women in both the groups will be followed up at 6 months. Conclusions: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of “extended postpartum comprehensive health care bundle (EP CHC bundle)” on selected outcomes of women with preeclampsia at 6 months. The comprehensive health care bundle will be designed with the inputs from all stakeholders, has the potential to suit the dynamic nature of management of women with preeclampsia after delivery. CTRI registration number: CTRI/2021/04/032749 ON 12/4/2021

Enhanced CT imaging artificial neural network coronary artery calcification score assisted diagnosis.

The study of coronary artery calcification (CAC) may assist in identifying additional coronary artery problem protective factors. On the contrary side, due to the wide variety of CAC as individuals, CAC research is difficult. Due to this, evaluating data for investigation is becoming complicated. To use a multi-layer perceptron, we investigated the accuracy and reliability of synthetic CAC coursework or hazard classification in pre or alors chest computerized tomography (CT) of arrangements resolutions in this analysis. Photographs of the chest from similar individuals as well as calcium-just and non-gated pictures were incorporated. This cut thickness ordered CT pictures (bunch A: 1 mm; bunch B: 3 mm). The CAC rating was determined utilizing calcification score picture information, and became standard for tests. While the control treatment's machine learning program was created using 170 computed tomography pictures and evaluated using 144 scans, group A's machine learning algorithm was created using 150 chest CT diagnostic tests. 334 external related pictures (100 μm: 117; 0.5 mm x: 117) of 117 individuals and 612 inside design organizing (1 mm: 294; mm3: 314) of 406 patients were surveyed. Pack B had 0.94, however, tests An and b had 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85-0.93) ICCs between significant learning and gold expenses (0.92-0.96). Dull Altman plots agreed well. A machine teaching approach successfully identified 71% of cases in category A is 81% of patients in section B again for cardiac risk class. Regression risk evaluation algorithms could assist in categorizing cardiorespiratory individuals into distinct risk groups and conveniently personalize the treatments to the patient's circumstances. The models would be based on information gathered through CAC. On both 1 and 3-mm scanners, the automatic determination of a CAC value and cardiovascular events categorization that used a depth teaching approach was reliable and precise. The layer thickness of 0.5 mm on chest CT was slightly less accurate in CAC detection and risk evaluation.

Stable dynamic wireless power transfer via a space-extendable high-order Non-Hermitian system

A prominent problem in wireless power transmission systems is the sensitivity of the mode frequency to changes in position. While a feedback system can address this issue, it also introduces complexity to the system, potentially giving rise to additional problems. Typically, more complex systems exhibit unique properties, and there are modes suitable for power transfer in high-order PT systems.In this paper, we propose a dynamic wireless power transmission system with hybrid coupling, utilizing odd coils only. This approach offers a feasible solution for dynamic wireless power transmission systems. We calculate the eigenvalues of the system and observe that the eigenvalue of a mode does not change as the load moves, remaining a pure real number. In our study, the system’s transmission efficiency can be maintained at a high and stable level at a fixed working frequency, even as the load position changes. This capability can be employed for stable dynamic charging.

How Can We Best Assess Spatial Skills? Practical and Conceptual Challenges.

Spatial thinking skills are associated with performance, persistence, and achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) school subjects. Because STEM knowledge and skills are integral to developing a well-trained workforce within and beyond STEM, spatial skills have become a major focus of cognitive, developmental, and educational research. However, these efforts are greatly hampered by the current lack of access to reliable, valid, and well-normed spatial tests. Although there are hundreds of spatial tests, they are often hard to access and use, and information about their psychometric properties is frequently lacking. Additional problems include (1) substantial disagreement about what different spatial tests measure-even two tests with similar names may measure very different constructs; (2) the inability to measure some STEM-relevant spatial skills by any existing tests; and (3) many tests only being available for specific age groups. The first part of this report delineates these problems, as documented in a series of structured and open-ended interviews and surveys with colleagues. The second part outlines a roadmap for addressing the problems. We present possibilities for developing shared testing systems that would allow researchers to test many participants through the internet. We discuss technological innovations, such as virtual reality, which could facilitate the testing of navigation and other spatial skills. Developing a bank of testing resources will empower researchers and educators to explore and support spatial thinking in their disciplines, as well as drive the development of a comprehensive and coherent theoretical understanding of spatial thinking.

Research on Nonroutine Problems: A Hybrid Didactical Design for Overcoming Student Learning Obstacles

The multiplication of fractions was generally considered easy, but it became challenging when presented as a nonroutine problem. One solution to these challenges was integrating technology into learning. Therefore, the study is aimed at proposing a hybrid module as a solution. The design in this research was a didactical design research. The study involved 56 participants, aged 13–18 years, mainly female students from the Sasak tribe in an Indonesian junior high school. Researchers employed fraction comprehension tests, in-depth interviews, and a hybrid hypothesis module as primary instruments. For learning outcomes, NVivo-12-assisted thematic analysis was used, and for learning obstacles, retrospective-based qualitative analysis was used. The study findings revealed several factors that caused learning obstacles, including conceptual ontogenic, epistemological factors, and students’ restricted Internet access. The hybrid hypothesis module proved effective in assisting students by providing additional problem contexts and scaffolding, addressing previous learning obstacles. After implementation, there was a redesign of the hybrid module in the form of additional scaffolding to help students construct the concepts studied. This research concluded that the application of technology in the form of hybrid modules was able to minimize barriers to student learning.

Evidence-based practices: using the touch points strategy to teach single-digit addition to students with ASD

An ever-growing number of students are being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabian schools, creating a need for highly effective, research-based strategies for teaching mathematics. However, current research on such strategies is limited. Nevertheless, several studies, including those by Wisniewski and Smith (2002) and Scott (1993), have found the touch-point strategy effective in developing and retaining single-digit addition and mathematical problem-solving skills in students with disabilities, as well as in retaining addition skills among students with ASD. The researchers conducted single-subject research using a reversal design (A-B-A-B) to determine the intervention’s effect on three students with ASD as the main data source. Additionally, an interview with the math teacher of these participants was conducted to gather more in-depth data, which helped explore the effectiveness and challenges of using the touch-point strategy in teaching math addition facts to Saudi students with ASD. Significant improvements in computation and acquisition rate were noted among all participants when the strategy was used to solve single-digit addition problems. Two major themes emerged from the analysis of the interview data: the need for resources to teach the strategy and challenges in implementing the touch-point strategy across the whole class, given the individual needs of each student.

Finite element analysis of a customized coronoid prosthesis for traumatic coronoid deficiency

BackgroundTraumatic coronoid deficiency with persistent elbow instability is a challenging condition. Autologous bone graft reconstruction is often associated with a range of additional clinical problems and the outcome is often unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to design a prosthetic device that can reconstruct coronoid deficiency of any height and to evaluate its mechanical properties using finite element analysis. Materials and MethodsA customized coronoid prosthesis was designed based on image registration, automatic measurement and computer-aided design. After pilot study and sample size calculation, image data collected from six patients who underwent bilateral complete upper extremity CT scans were reconstructed. The test was divided into three groups: coronoid intact, prosthesis and autograft. Regan-Morrey type II and autologous olecranon osteotomy models were established. The prosthesis and autogenous olecranon were assembled to the coronoid base. Stress was applied axially along the proximal humeral diaphysis and implant micromotion and contact mechanics of the humeroulnar joint were measured at 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° of joint flexion respectively. ResultsAt all flexion angles, the maximum stress on the coronoid articular surface was significantly reduced in the prosthesis and autograft groups, with the reduction being more significant in the latter (P < 0.001). With increasing flexion, the maximum stress at the coronoid articular surface increased significantly after autograft reconstruction (7.2 to 68 MPa, P < 0.001), whereas the humeroulnar joint obtained a similar contact mechanics pattern to that of the control group after prosthetic reconstruction. As the flexion angle increased, the relative micromotion of both the prosthesis and autograft increased significantly (0.5-1.6 vs 0.2-1.2, Pmeasure time < 0.001, Pgroups < 0.001). Contact pressure and center-of-force paths of the humeroulnar joint experience abrupt stress changes at approximately 60° of flexion. ConclusionThe contact stress pattern in the humeroulnar joint is similar in prosthesis and intact coronoid groups. Autograft reconstruction increases contact stresses at the articular surface and alters the joint center-of-force path. The “stress surge phenomenon” in the humeroulnar joint surface before and after 60° of flexion may be one of the mechanisms of traumatic elbow degeneration.

Recycling and Reinforcing of Expanded Polystyrene by Woven Mat and Short E-Glass fibers

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) polymers are widely used in insulation and packaging applications. If their waste hasn’t been managed well and due to their long degradation time, they will cause severe environmental problems for human beings, plants, and animals. Therefore, recycling could be one of the acceptable solutions to overcome such problems in addition to reinforcing them to recover the decay in properties resulting from recycling. In this work two types of EPS have been recycled at different temperatures from 140 to 260°C, and then reinforced by E-glass fibers in mat form and as random short fibers with varied composition from 5 to 25 wt%. The samples have been prepared by homemade thermal press and the tensile properties such as strength, modulus, and ductility have been investigated showing an obvious enhancement of these properties upon an increase in temperature to certain level and with fiber content and length exceeding their critical lengths. Furthermore, interfacial adhesion has been stud-ied by estimating the strength and modulus efficiency factors. The results show that the E- glass fibers could im-prove the strength with more than 300%.

Modeling and analysis of electro-thermal processes in installations for induction heat treatment of aluminum cores of power cables

Introduction. The development of the electric power industry is directly related to the improvement of cable lines. Cable lines meet modern requirements for reliability, they are increasingly used. Problem. Currently, power cables with an aluminum multi-conductor core, which requires heat treatment - an annealing process at the stage of the technological manufacturing process, are widespread. This process makes it possible to desirably reduce the electrical resistance of the wire and increase its flexibility. For effective use of induction heating during annealing of an aluminum core, it is necessary to determine the optimal frequency of the power source of the inductor. Considering the long length of the inductor and the large number of its turns, the numerical calculation of the electromagnetic field, which is necessary for calculating the equivalent electrical parameters of the turns of the inductor and its efficiency, requires significant computer resources. The goal is to develop a computer model for calculating electro-thermal processes in an induction plant for heating (up to the annealing temperature) an aluminum core of a power cable moving in the magnetic field of a long multi-turn inductor, as well as obtaining frequency dependences of the equivalent R, L parameters of such an inductor and determining the optimal the value of the frequency of the power source, which corresponds to the maximum value of the electrical efficiency of the inductor. Methodology. The mathematical model was developed to analyze the coupled electromagnetic and thermal processes occurring in a core moving in a time-harmonic magnetic field of an inductor at a constant speed. The differential equations for the electromagnetic and temperature fields, taking into account the boundary conditions, represent a coupled electro-thermal problem that was solved numerically by the finite element method using the Comsol software package. For a detailed analysis of the electromagnetic processes in the inductor, an additional problem was considered at the level of the elementary cell, which includes one turn of the inductor and a fragment of the core located near this turn. Results. According to the results of the calculation of the electromagnetic field in the area of the elementary cell, the equivalent electrical parameters of one turn of the inductor and the entire multi-turn inductor were calculated depending on the frequency of the electric current. The frequency dependences of the electrical efficiency of the inductor were calculated. Originality. Taking into account the design features of the inductor (its long length and large number of turns), the method of multiscale modeling was used. Electro-thermal processes in the core were studied at the macro level, and the distribution of the electromagnetic field and electric current density in the cross-section of the massive copper turn of the inductor was calculated at the micro level – at the level of an elementary cell containing only one turn of the inductor. The frequency dependences of the equivalent R, L parameters of the inductor, taking into account the skin effect, the proximity effect, and the geometric effect, were obtained, and the quantitative influence of the electric current frequency on these effects was studied. Practical value. The dependence of the electrical efficiency of the inductor on the frequency of the power source was obtained and it was shown that for effective heating of an aluminum core with a diameter of 28 mm, the optimal value of the frequency is in the range of 1–2 kHz, and at the same time the electrical efficiency reaches values of ηind = 0.3–0.33, respectively.

Međudržavno posvojenje u Republici Hrvatskoj kroz prizmu slučaja posvojenja djece iz DR Konga

Intercountry and interracial adoptions are forms of international adoption that imply the difference between adopter and adoptee in geographical, racial, and ethnic terms, which makes the adoption process very complex. The recent case of intercountry adoption of children from DR Congo by Croatian citizens confirmed the globally recognized controversy, questionability, and complexity of the intercountry adoption process. The key or additional problem in this case of intercountry adoption is the fact that DR Congo is not a party to the 1993 Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. The case of intercountry adoption of children from DR Congo encouraged the authors to research and analyze international and national regulations and practices relevant to intercountry adoption. In this paper, the authors specifically analyze open issues related to intercountry adoptions in Croatian legislation, more precisely the recognition of foreign court decisions on adoption, minimum standards related to the establishment and recognition of intercountry adoptions, the possibility of termination of adoption, the citizenship status of adopted children, and the children's right to access information about adoption. In conclusion, the authors propose de lege ferenda solutions for the future regulation of intercountry adoptions.

Mental health in all policies: How does an effort for mental health in all policies impact the battle against increasing mental unwell-being across society?

The worldwide pandemic caused by the covid-19 virus led to interventions in personal freedom of citizens that were never seen before. These measures limiting freedom caused an enormous impact on people’s mental health, which is largely dependant on social, economic and environmental factors. Mainly in young people a strong increase in mental health problems could be observed. Specific sanitary measures heavily affected their social lives, education, hobbies and other areas in their lives. This crisis showed us the interconnectedness of many areas of life with mental health policy and the need for a holistic approach. Therefore we mustn’t focus solely on expanding mental health care and making it more accessible if we want a general improvement of the population’s mental health. On top of the important and necessary increase in accessibility and availability, there is a need to prevent additional mental health problems of our citizens. For this reason we want to make a case for a mental health in all policies. There is a need for high quality integrated mental health care, as well as generally a policy of integrated care that addresses mental health as part of the larger health system, which fortifies resilience. In this presentation we want to demonstrate this need by showing local examples and research which makes the case for a mental health in all policies for all.&#x0D;

Eight-year trends in cardio-vascular risk factors in people living with HIV: A plea for more person-centered care in an ageing population with high medical, nursing and social demands.

Background: The prognosis for people living with HIV (PLWHIV) has improved tremendously in the past years, and life expectancy in PLWHIV is almost the same as in the general population. HIV now is regarded as chronic condition, and as PLWHIV age, additional age-related problems emerge. These seem to occur more often and earlier compared to the general population, due to the virus itself, due to antiretroviral therapy, or due to lifestyle factors. Among these problems are biological factors such as chronic non-communicable diseases, other communicable diseases, and frailty, mental factors like common mental disorders and substance use, as well as social factors like stigma, discrimination, prejudices, work disability and unemployment, and having no partner. It was the aim of this study to monitor medical health burdens in a cohort of PLWHIW over time with an emphasis on cardio-vascular risk factors in order to design a comprehensive, integrated, person-centred care model around the antiretroviral therapy. The study was carried out by researchers and caregivers together with PLWHIV, and supported by a pharmaceutical company.&#x0D; Methods: PLWHIV participated in a baseline study (2013) in an HIV treatment centre and in a follow-up study (2021). At baseline the study population comprised of consecutive patients with HIV, who visited their treating physicians for routine checks. Inclusion criteria were age &gt;= 18 years, documented HIV-Infection and written informed consent. Risk factors were recorded as either having a corresponding diagnosis in the patient´s charts OR being treated with specific drugs, OR having laboratory values outside the normal range. &#x0D; Results: From the initially included 450 participants, 360 (80%) patients participated in the follow-up. The mean age at baseline was 41.4 years, 5.3% were female. 10.8% were affected by hypertension at baseline, and 19.6% at follow-up (P&lt;0.001). Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 3.1% at baseline and 5.3% at follow-up (P=0.039), and of dyslipidaemia 76.9% at baseline and 71.4% at follow-up (P=0.042). The proportion of smokers decreased from 42.6% a baseline to 37.1% a follow-up (P=0.007). Prevalence of overweight was 36.6% and of obesity 8.9% at follow-up (no baseline data available). &#x0D; Learnings and next steps: PLWHIV have a high prevalence of cardio-vascular risk factors in an early age, which will increase health problems as this population is ageing. Most cardio-vascular risk factors increased rapidly in PLWHIV and therefore they are a major challenge for comprehensive and integrated care. As an important next step not only medical, but also psycho-social, sexual, spiritual and lifestyle-related health burdens as well as health resources need to be assessed and monitored to ensure care for PLWHIV is truly person-centered. Furthermore, PLWHIV want to be perceived as a partner in their treatment and this needs to become an integral part of routine care. &#x0D;

Employment of working-age adults (18-65 year old) with a visual impairment at an ambulatory visual rehabilitation centre (de Markgrave) in Belgium

Aim of the study: determining the rate of employment in adult people with a visual impairment who are using the services of de Markgrave. Examining associated characteristics and gathering data to better understand the problems (and improve our support to enhance their chances on the labour market. )&#x0D; Methods: we review the records of adults between 18 and 65 years of age who consulted our visual rehabilitation centre between September the first 2020 and October the first 2022. Separate attention is given to the records of people who seek our support in case of a work-related care demand. The studied population is divided into three different age groups : 18 to 35 years of age, a second group of people between 36 and 50 years and the last group of 51 up to 65 years. &#x0D; Results: we look at the type of work, previous work experiences and employment status defined as paid work ( including self employment ) versus not employed ( no paid work including retirement, student, active work seeker, disability benefits, volunteered work, ..). &#x0D; Barriers to work or to continue working together with facilitators ( like social benefits for the employer) are being analyzed. We look separately at personal factors and work related issues. Visual problems are divided according to age of onset, stable or progressive, degree ( mild, moderate, severe) and associated with additional health problems. For the work related items architectural issues and mobility problems together with social difficulties ( conflicts with colleagues and leading ) and adaptation of the working place will be listed. &#x0D; Conclusion: the results of our study will give us insight in the problems visually impaired people encounter during their working age. The gathered / collected knowledge wil help us to improve/ ameliorate our support in their quest for more suitable working environments.

Variations in morphology of permanent maxillary lateral incisors and its impact on oral hygiene and diseases

The permanent maxillary lateral incisors are of great importance from an aesthetic standpoint, as any variation in their shape can lead to an unfavorable visual appearance. Furthermore, morphological variations such as peg-shaped, barrel-shaped, shovel-shaped, and canine-shaped teeth can impact oral hygiene and lead to additional health problems. The etiology of these variations is multifactorial, including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most common morphological variations of the permanent lateral incisors, including their causes, associated dilemmas, treatment modalities, and the various health and hygiene issues associated with these diverse physical characteristics. By highlighting the potential health and hygiene issues associated with these variations, this paper aims to increase awareness among dental professionals and the general public about the importance of regular dental care and check-ups to maintain oral health and aesthetics. A comprehensive understanding of the causes, dilemmas, and treatment modalities of these morphological variations can aid dental professionals in providing effective and personalized care to their patients. In conclusion, the morphology of the permanent maxillary lateral incisors plays a critical role in dental aesthetics, hygiene, and health.

The Legal Framework of E-Commerce in Malaysia

This article examines the efficiency of the current legal framework on E-Commerce. E-Commerce is a new business model that is being adopted by the public and rapidly replacing the traditional concept of physical stores. Malaysia has not yet taken enough aggressive measures to change our commercial laws, despite the fact that doing so will help ensure that our legal system can control the new corporate norms of the digital era. In this article, the distinctions between offline and online business models are compared, along with the additional problems brought on by this shift. This article suggests new laws and rules that our legislators should enact in order to safeguard vendors, customers, and even the government.

Examination of the fraction addition problems posed by primary pre-service teachers using the digital storytelling method

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to assess the fraction addition problems posed by pre-service teachers using digital storytelling and to identify their perspectives on this activity. 69 mathematics teacher candidates participated in the study. The research comprises two sections. Participants were expected to pose a problem via digital storytelling in the first round. After creating digital stories, participants were required to fill out an opinion survey. According to the study's findings, more than half of the participants correctly completed the problem-posing exercise. Additionally, pre-service teachers reported experiencing some difficulties when generating problems, despite their favorable opinions toward the use of digital storytelling to pose problems. Participants could pose problems involving the addition of two or three fractions. Participants encountered issues such as not being a problem or utilizing distinct operations. According to the participants’ opinions, some of their skills had improved and they enjoyed the experience.