Additional Manipulation Research Articles

Hyaluronic acid in tooth extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical trials

ObjectivesTo assess whether in animals or patients with ≥ 1 tooth extracted, hyaluronic acid (HyA) application results in superior healing and/or improved complication management compared to any other treatment or no treatment.Materials and methodsThree databases were searched until April 2022. The most relevant eligibility criteria were (1) local application of HyA as adjunct to tooth extraction or as treatment of alveolar osteitis, and (2) reporting of clinical, radiographic, histological, or patient-reported data. New bone formation and/or quality were considered main outcome parameters in preclinical studies, while pain, swelling, and trismus were defined as main outcome parameters in clinical studies.ResultsFive preclinical and 22 clinical studies (1062 patients at final evaluation) were included. In preclinical trials, HyA was applied into the extraction socket. Although a positive effect of HyA was seen in all individual studies on bone formation, this effect was not confirmed by meta-analysis. In clinical studies, HyA was applied into the extraction socket or used as spray or mouthwash. HyA application after non-surgical extraction of normally erupted teeth may have a positive effect on soft tissue healing. Based on meta-analyses, HyA application after surgical removal of lower third molars (LM3) resulted in significant reduction in pain perception 7 days postoperatively compared to either no additional wound manipulation or the application of a placebo/carrier. Early post-operative pain, trismus, and extent of swelling were unaffected.ConclusionsHyA application may have a positive effect in pain reduction after LM3 removal, but not after extraction of normally erupted teeth.Clinical relevanceHyA application may have a positive effect in pain reduction after surgical LM3 removal, but it does not seem to have any impact on other complications or after extraction of normally erupted teeth. Furthermore, it seems not to reduce post-extraction alveolar ridge modeling, even though preclinical studies show enhanced bone formation.

Study of β-Ga2O3 Ceramics Synthesized under Powerful Electron Beam.

The synthesis of β-Ga2O3 ceramic was achieved using high-energy electron beams for the first time. The irradiation of gallium oxide powder in a copper crucible using a 1.4 MeV electron beam resulted in a monolithic ceramic structure, eliminating powder particles and imperfections. The synthesized β-Ga2O3 ceramic exhibited a close-to-ideal composition of O/Ga in a 3:2 ratio. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed a monoclinic structure (space group C2/m) that matched the reference diagram before and after annealing. Photoluminescence spectra revealed multiple luminescence peaks at blue (~2.7 eV) and UV (3.3, 3.4, 3.8 eV) wavelengths for the synthesized ceramic and commercial crystals. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the bonding modes in the synthesized ceramic. The electron beam-assisted method offers a rapid and cost-effective approach for β-Ga2O3 ceramic production without requiring additional equipment or complex manipulations. This method holds promise for fabricating refractory ceramics with high melting points, both doped and undoped.

Evaluation of IUD Insertion During CS In 100 Patient. A Prospective Study

Background: The application of an IUD to the female after placenta delivery during a caesarean section had several benefits since the female was under anesthetic, which reduced the need for additional manipulation and pain, and the female at the time of delivery had a strong desire for family planning. IUDs placed postpartum experienced numerous disengagements, including bleeding and displacement. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of post placental IUD insertion during cesarean section in 100 patients. Patient and methods: A prospective study was conducted at obstetrics and gynecology department of Damanhur Medical National Institute in the period from March 2022 to March 2023. Group I: included 52 women who agreed to insert immediate post placental IUD at the cesarean delivery. Group II: included 48 women as control group. The type of IUD used was cupper-T IUD, both groups were assessed as regard to time of cesarean section (CS), amount of postoperative bleeding, postoperative pain, occurrence of infection, any displacement of IUDs, failure of contraception and patients’ satisfaction. Results: In both groups, the demographic information was comparable. The medical histories of the investigated patients and the control group did not differ significantly according to our research. The study group's caesarean procedure took a little longer to complete. There were no appreciable differences between the two groups in terms of infection, puerperal hemorrhage, or IUD displacement. Both groups' satisfaction levels were displayed as either pain or displacement. In the research and control groups, the expulsion rates were 3.92% and 0.00%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our research, we draw the conclusion that IUD insertion during CS is safe and effective, avoiding the reasons why it can be challenging to insert an IUD after puerperium and having a low expulsion rate; so, it can be considered a standard procedure.

Phosphorus addition predominantly influences the soil fungal community and functional guilds in a subtropical mountain forest

AbstractIntroductionFungal communities are key players in the soil biogeochemical processes of forest ecosystems. Although it has been illustrated that soil fungi are susceptible to environmental changes, little is known about the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment on the soil fungal functional guild.Materials and MethodsHere, a 5‐year N and P addition manipulation experiment was conducted in two growing stages (i.e., tree ages <40 and >80 years) of a subtropical forest, in which soil fungal diversity and functional guilds were investigated using a multiple‐time sampling strategy.ResultsFungal species richness and Shannon indices were significantly different across sampling times. Fungal community composition was significantly affected by both N and P addition but not by forest age. Old forest had a higher fungal network complexity than young forest, and fertilisation decreased soil fungal network complexity and generated looser and more random networks in comparison with the control. The community composition of symbiotrophic and saprotrophic fungi was significantly impacted by N and P addition and correlated with soil available P and total P contents and soil C:P and N:P.ConclusionsOur findings highlight that soil P availability has a strong effect on soil fungal communities and their functional guild composition in the subtropical forest.

Daily sorption thermal battery cycle for building applications

The study propose firstly an absorption thermal energy storage (ATES) system designed for repeated operations on a daily base without any additional manipulation. The performance of the sorption thermal battery was analyzed by varying four parameters (mass flow ratio, number of exchanger heat transfer units (NTU), heat source, and cooling water temperature). The lower the cooling water temperature, the better was the performance, particularly for improving the energy storage density (ESD). Additionally, if low-temperature cooling water is used, the coefficient of performance (COP) with a 65 °C heat source is comparable to that with 95 °C. ESD increased with the increasing the heat source temperature, and the maximum COP was obtained when using a 75–85 °C heat source. To solve the crystallization problem, [DMIM][DMP], a type of ionic liquid, was applied as an absorbent. However, the COP of H2O-[DMIM][DMP] with a heat source temperature of 120 °C was lower that of H2O–LiBr with 95–100 °C. Therefore, it is advantageous to use H2O–LiBr to improve the sorption thermal battery performance. ESD and COP of the sorption thermal battery are 451.13 kJ/kg and 0.728, respectively, when using a 95 °C heat source and 32 °C cooling water.

Extension of Spin Dephasing Time of Continuously Excited Ensemble Nitrogen Vacancy Centers by Double‐Quantum Ramsey Magnetometry with Spin Bath Driving

Quantum magnetic sensors based on nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers are expected to be used for various biological and medical applications. Continuously excited (CE) Ramsey magnetometry is one of the most sensitive measurement protocols and has the potential to improve the sensitivity of sensors using additional quantum manipulations to extend the spin dephasing time. In a typical ensemble NV measurement, the spin dephasing time is limited by inhomogeneous coupling. To overcome this limitation, a magnetometry that extends the CE Ramsey protocol with a double‐quantum (DQ) Ramsey sequence and spin bath driving is developed. It is demonstrated that the electric noise due to the spatial inhomogeneity of the crystal strain is cancelled out by the DQ Ramsey, and the magnetic noise due to the P1 centers was suppressed by spin bath driving. Compared to the conventional CE Ramsey, the CE‐DQ Ramsey with spin bath driving effectively doubles the gyromagnetic ratio and yields a twofold extension of , corresponding to a fourfold enhancement of the photon‐shot‐noise limited sensitivity.

Clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of manipulation under brachial plexus block versus physiotherapy for refractory frozen shoulder: a prospective observational study

Frozen shoulder (FS) is a pathological condition that involves a painful and stiff shoulder joint, most commonly in people aged 40-60 years. Most literature supports treatment with physical therapy (PT), although some studies have demonstrated years of continuing pain and functional deficits. Manipulation under anesthesia is effective at eliminating the contracture of intra-articular lesions for refractory FS. This study aimed to compare whether manipulation under anesthesia or PT is a more effective treatment in refractory FS. This study was a prospective observational study. A total of 102 patients with refractory FS were enrolled in this study in the medical records, all of whom had severe and multidirectional loss of motion and thickening of the joint capsule and coracohumeral ligament on magnetic resonance imaging. Fifty-one patients were in the manipulation under brachial plexus block (MUB) group (34 females, median age: 57 years), and 51 patients were in the PT group (34 females, median age: 59 years). The MUB procedure consisted of the conventional method with additional adduction manipulation, in which one examiner initially abducted the shoulder joint as much as possible. We recorded the visual analog scale, shoulder range of motion, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant Scores at the initial baseline visit and at the 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. The total cost was calculated from the medical records, and cost-effectiveness was evaluated using quality-adjusted life year and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Visual analog scale (P<.001), range of motion (P<.001), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and Constant Scores (P<.001) in the MUB group were significantly superior to those in the PT group at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. The median cost and total quality-adjusted life year in the MUB and PT groups were $1375 versus $2751 and 2.95 versus 2.68, respectively, and the cost-effectiveness ratio between the MUB and PT groups was calculated as -$560. The new MUB procedure provides a shorter treatment period, better clinical outcomes, and higher cost-effectiveness in patients with refractory FS compared to PT.

MalbacR: A Package for Standardized Implementation of Batch Correction Methods for Omics Data.

Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for identifying and analyzing biomolecules such as metabolites and lipids in complex biological samples. Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry studies quite commonly involve large numbers of samples, which can require significant time for sample preparation and analyses. To accommodate such studies, the samples are commonly split into batches. Inevitably, variations in sample handling, temperature fluctuation, imprecise timing, column degradation, and other factors result in systematic errors or biases of the measured abundances between the batches. Numerous methods are available via R packages to assist with batch correction for omics data; however, since these methods were developed by different research teams, the algorithms are available in separate R packages, each with different data input and output formats. We introduce the malbacR package, which consolidates 11 common batch effect correction methods for omics data into one place so users can easily implement and compare the following: pareto scaling, power scaling, range scaling, ComBat, EigenMS, NOMIS, RUV-random, QC-RLSC, WaveICA2.0, TIGER, and SERRF. The malbacR package standardizes data input and output formats across these batch correction methods. The package works in conjunction with the pmartR package, allowing users to seamlessly include the batch effect correction in a pmartR workflow without needing any additional data manipulation.

Epitopes and Mimotopes Identification Using Phage Display for Vaccine Development against Infectious Pathogens.

Traditional vaccines use inactivated or weakened forms of pathogens which could have side effects and inadequate immune responses. To overcome these challenges, phage display has emerged as a valuable tool for identifying specific epitopes that could be used in vaccines. This review emphasizes the direct connection between epitope identification and vaccine development, filling a crucial gap in the field. This technique allows vaccines to be engineered to effectively stimulate the immune system by presenting carefully selected epitopes. Phage display involves screening libraries of random peptides or gene/genome fragments using serum samples from infected, convalescent, or vaccinated individuals. This method has been used to identify epitopes from various pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, hepatitis viruses, H5N1, HIV-1, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Dirofilaria repens. Bacteriophages offer advantages such as being immunogenic carriers, low production costs, and customization options, making them a promising alternative to traditional vaccines. The purpose of this study has been to highlight an approach that encompasses the entire process from epitope identification to vaccine production using a single technique, without requiring additional manipulation. Unlike conventional methods, phage display demonstrates exceptional efficiency and speed, which could provide significant advantages in critical scenarios such as pandemics.

A versatile genomic transgenesis platform with enhanced λ integrase for human Expi293F cells.

Reliable cell-based platforms to test and/or produce biologics in a sustainable manner are important for the biotech industry. Utilizing enhanced λ integrase, a sequence-specific DNA recombinase, we developed a novel transgenesis platform involving a fully characterized single genomic locus as an artificial landing pad for transgene insertion in human Expi293F cells. Importantly, transgene instability and variation in expression were not observed in the absence of selection pressure, thus enabling reliable long-term biotherapeutics testing or production. The artificial landing pad for λ integrase can be targeted with multi-transgene constructs and offers future modularity involving additional genome manipulation tools to generate sequential or nearly seamless insertions. We demonstrated broad utility with expression constructs for anti PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and showed that the orientation of heavy and light chain transcription units profoundly affected antibody expression levels. In addition, we demonstrated encapsulation of our PD-1 platform cells into bio-compatible mini-bioreactors and the continued secretion of antibodies, thus providing a basis for future cell-based applications for more effective and affordable therapies.

Increased Excitability of Layer 2 Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in the Supplementary Motor Cortex Underlies High Cocaine-Seeking Behaviors

BackgroundMost efforts in addiction research have focused on the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex, including the infralimbic, prelimbic, and anterior cingulate cortical areas, in cocaine-seeking behaviors. However, no effective prevention or treatment for drug relapse is available. MethodsWe focused instead on the motor cortex, including both the primary and supplementary motor areas (M1 and M2, respectively). Addiction risk was evaluated by testing cocaine seeking after intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of cocaine in Sprague Dawley rats. The causal relationship between the excitability of cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs) in M1/M2 and addiction risk was explored by ex vivo whole-cell patch clamp recordings and in vivo pharmacological or chemogenetic manipulation. ResultsOur recordings showed that on withdrawal day 45 (WD45) after IVSA, cocaine, but not saline, increased the excitability of CPNs in the cortical superficial layers (primarily layer 2, denoted L2) but not in layer 5 (L5) in M2. Bilateral microinjection of the GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid A) receptor agonist muscimol to the M2 area attenuated cocaine seeking on WD45. More specifically, chemogenetic inhibition of CPN excitability in L2 of M2 (denoted M2-L2) by the DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) agonist compound 21 prevented drug seeking on WD45 after cocaine IVSA. This chemogenetic inhibition of M2-L2 CPNs had no effects on sucrose seeking. In addition, neither pharmacological nor chemogenetic inhibition manipulations altered general locomotor activity. ConclusionsOur results indicate that cocaine IVSA induces hyperexcitability in the motor cortex on WD45. Importantly, the increased excitability in M2, particularly in L2, could be a novel target for preventing drug relapse during withdrawal.

Methamphetamine-induced vaginal lubrication in rats.

Based on previous studies of vaginal lubrication as well as our own previously reported interview study of women who self-reported methamphetamine (meth)-induced vaginal lubrication, in the current study we sought to determine the potential dose-response relationship leading to meth-induced vaginal lubrication. We also developed an animal model to study the reported effects and examine potential mechanisms mediating this phenomenon. We sought to characterize the effects of meth on vaginal lubrication in an animal model with the aim of providing a potential framework for new mechanisms that incorporate novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of vaginal dryness. Vaginal lubrication was measured via insertion of a preweighed, cotton-tipped swab into the vaginal canal of anesthetized rats following treatment with various doses of intravenous (IV) meth, up to 0.96mg/kg, and after additional pharmacological manipulations, including administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and an estrogen receptor antagonist. Plasma signaling molecules, including estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, nitric oxide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, were measured immediately before and at 9 time points after IV meth administration. Blood was collected via a previously implanted chronic indwelling jugular catheter and analyzed by use of commercially available kits per the manufacturer's instructions. Outcomes for this study include the measurement of vaginal lubrication in anesthetized rats following various pharmacological manipulations and plasma levels of various signaling molecules. Meth dose-dependently increased vaginal lubrication in anesthetized female rats. Meth significantly increased plasma levels compared to baseline of estradiol (2 and 15 minutes after meth infusion) as well as progesterone, testosterone, and nitric oxide (10 minutes after meth infusion). Also, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide decreased significantly compared to baseline for 45minutes following meth infusion. Our data further suggest that nitric oxide, but not estradiol, is critical in the production of vaginal secretions in response to meth. This study has far-reaching implications for women who are suffering from vaginal dryness and for whom estrogen therapy is unsuccessful, as the investigation has demonstrated that meth presents a novel mechanism for producing vaginal lubrication that can be targeted pharmacologically. This study is, to our knowledge, the first performed to measure the physiological sexual effects of meth in an animal model. Animals were anesthetized when they were administered meth. In an ideal situation, animals would be self-administering the drug to recapitulate better the contingent nature of drug taking; however, this method was not feasible for the study reported here. Methamphetamine increases vaginal lubrication in female rats through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.

Light-Propelled Self-Swing of a Liquid Crystal Elastomer Balloon Swing

Light-propelled self-oscillation based on liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) has been widely harnessed in designing soft robotics and actuating automatic machine fields due to no additional human control, precise manipulation and fast response. In this study, the light-propelled self-swing manner of an LCE balloon swing upon constant illumination is originally constructed and the corresponding nonlinear dynamic model is built. The solution strategy for evolving equation with respect to the swing angle is presented in light of Runge–Kutta explicit iterative approach. Two representative motion manners, i.e., static manner and self-swing manner, are presented. Self-swing mechanism is elucidated where the contraction and relaxation of the LCE balloon is coupled with the back-and-forth swing process and constant light energy from the environment is absorbed by the LCE balloon to compensate for the damping dissipation of the system. The impact of system parameters on self-swing is elaborated. The obtained results evince that self-swing motion can be triggered and tuned by virtue of some system parameters involved. Meanwhile, the frequency and amplitude of self-swing can be tailored to practical needs. Further, the results also furnish new insights into understanding of self-swing phenomenon and present new designs for future self-actuated soft micro-robotics system.

A new intraocular lens marker to guide the implantation of toric intraocular lenses in small and mid-dilating pupils

Insufficient pupillary dilatation is a significant challenge during cataract surgery, as it increases the risk of various intraoperative complications. Implantation of toric intraocular lenses (TIOL) is particularly difficult in eyes with small pupils, as the toric marks are provided in the periphery of the IOL optic, making the visualization of the same difficult for proper alignment. Attempts at visualizing these marks using a second instrument such as a dialler or iris retractor lead to additional manipulations in the anterior chamber resulting in increased chances of postoperative inflammation and intraocular pressure rise. A new intraocular lens (IOL) marker to guide the implantation of TIOLs in eyes with small pupils is described, which can potentially be beneficial in achieving accurate alignment of toric IOLs in small pupils, without the need for additional manipulations, thus improving safety, efficacy, and success rates of TIOL implantation in these eyes.

Calibration of cognitive tests to address the reliability paradox for decision-conflict tasks

Standard, well-established cognitive tasks that produce reliable effects in group comparisons also lead to unreliable measurement when assessing individual differences. This reliability paradox has been demonstrated in decision-conflict tasks such as the Simon, Flanker, and Stroop tasks, which measure various aspects of cognitive control. We aim to address this paradox by implementing carefully calibrated versions of the standard tests with an additional manipulation to encourage processing of conflicting information, as well as combinations of standard tasks. Over five experiments, we show that a Flanker task and a combined Simon and Stroop task with the additional manipulation produced reliable estimates of individual differences in under 100 trials per task, which improves on the reliability seen in benchmark Flanker, Simon, and Stroop data. We make these tasks freely available and discuss both theoretical and applied implications regarding how the cognitive testing of individual differences is carried out.

Endovascular Stent Thrombectomy in Patients With Acute Lower Limb Arterial Thrombosis on the Background of COVID-19

AIM Analysis of the outcomes of endovascular stent thrombectomy in patients with acute arterial thrombosis of the lower extremities on the background of COVID-19.MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study for the period from January 1, 2020 to March 1, 2022 included 34 patients with acute lower limb ischemia who were diagnosed with the novel coronavirus infection SARS-COV-2. Endovascular stent thrombectomy was performed according to the standard technique using a Destination 8F guiding sheath (Terumo), an Advantage 0.014`` guidewire (Terumo), and a Casper stent (Microvention, Terumo) as a stent retriever. In case of fragmentation of thrombotic masses in the guide sheath, manual aspiration of thrombi was performed using a standard 50,0 ml syringe. Self-expanding nitinol stents were implanted in 11 clinical cases.RESULTS Intraoperative bleeding from the puncture site of the artery developed in 14.7% of cases, which required additional manipulation to achieve hemostasis. Every tenth (11.8%) patient developed myocardial infarction, in 2.9% of cases — ischemic stroke. In the hospital postoperative period during the first hours after surgery, 26.5% of patients developed rethrombosis which required re-intervention. In 8.8% of cases, retrombectomy was unsuccessful, and limb amputation was performed. A fatal outcome occurred in 67.6% of cases, which was due to an increase in multiple organ failure and the development of sepsis.CONCLUSION Endovascular stent thrombectomy is characterized by a low risk of rethrombosis and amputation in the context of COVID-19.

Design of a Channel Robust Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification Scheme

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) identification is an emerging device authentication technique that exploits the hardware imperfections resulting from the manufacturing process. Due to the varying impact of the wireless channel during RFF training and test stages, it is challenging to design channel-independent RFF techniques. This article designs a channel robust RFF identification scheme by leveraging the different spectrum of adjacent signal symbols, named the Difference of the Logarithm of the Spectrum (DoLoS), which does not rely on a single RFF feature or requires additional manipulation of the devices under test. Specifically, DoLoS exploits the fact that two different symbols in a packet exhibit different RFF features but have a similar channel response during the channel coherence time. We implemented the DoLoS with the IEEE 802.11 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system as a case study. We carried out extensive experiments using seven Wi-Fi devices of the same model in different wireless channel environments, including 12 data collection positions in two completely different environments. Compared with conventional RFF identification schemes that do not eliminate channel effects, our scheme is robust to channel variations and the highest identification accuracy is 99.02% in the single-environment evaluation and 97.05% in the cross-environment evaluation.

Abstract 913: Engineering allogeneic off-the-shelf CD19-directed CAR-iNKT cells without additional genetic manipulations for the treatment of hematological malignancies

Abstract Despite the approval of three autologous CAR-T cell products, B-cell malignancies still represent an unmet need as several of the relapsed/refractory patients are ineligible for autologous CART cell therapies. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of immune cells that display properties of both T cells and natural killer cells and bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses upon antigen recognition. Unlike conventional β T cells, iNKT cells express an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that recognize glycolipids presented in the context of the monomorphic, MHC-class I related molecule, CD1d. iNKT cells are ideal cell types for allogeneic, off the shelf approach as they can target cancers without the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), circumventing the need to delete or knock out the endogenous TCR. Here, we report the engineering of ‘off-the-shelf’ iNKT cells directed against CD19 and their robust in vitro and in vivo functional profile. Briefly, peripheral blood derived iNKT cells were isolated from healthy donors and were engineered to express a CD19 CAR using a 3rd generation lentiviral vector. To demonstrate the CAR-dependent and independent anti-tumor activity, CAR19-iNKT cells were compared in vitro against non-transduced (NT) iNKT cells in cytotoxicity assays and intracellular cytokine staining assays. Allogeneic CAR19-iNKT cells upregulated activation markers, secreted cytokines, and lysed cancer cell lines and primary tumor cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia and marginal zone lymphoma patients in an antigen-specific manner. Excellent post thaw recovery and viability was noted in cryopreserved CAR19-iNKT cells. Finally, the anti-tumor activity of cryopreserved CAR19-iNKT cells were evaluated in an established aggressive NSG mice model of SEM-luc, a B cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line expressing luciferase. Robust antitumor activity by CAR19-iNKT cells was observed without any obvious adverse effects compared to controls (untreated and NT iNKT cells). The persistence of CAR19-iNKT cells in this model is currently being evaluated. These data demonstrate a unique, off the shelf CAR19-iNKT cell platform for targeting hematological malignancies that combines the specificity of CD19 targeting CAR with the innate features of iNKT cells. The data indicates that iNKT cells are a potent cell type for generating allogeneic off the shelf products for treating a broad spectrum of hematological malignancies and solid tumors by targeting different receptors on the respective tumors. Citation Format: Kanagaraju Ponnusamy, Janani Kanagaraju, Yingxin Wang, Bryan Lye, Hongwei Ren, Sandhya Buchanan, Michael J. Baker, Mini Bharathan, Anastasios Karadimitris. Engineering allogeneic off-the-shelf CD19-directed CAR-iNKT cells without additional genetic manipulations for the treatment of hematological malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 913.

Особенности хирургического лечения макулярного отверстия с атипичной эпиретинальной тканью: серия клинических случаев

Purpose. To present the surgical features of successful repair of macular hole with atypical epiretinal proliferation. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 4 patients with macular hole-associated epiretinal proliferation. All patients underwent a preoperative examination – a standard ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography of the macular area with hole diameter measurement, confirmation of the presence of epiretinal tissue. Surgery consisted of the stages: vitrectomy, staining of the epiretinal tissue, its careful exfoliation with end-griping forceps, cutting off the floating part by a vitrector using «shaving» mode and preserving the remnants of the tissue around the edges of the hole, finishing with air tamponade. During the postoperative period the patient followed the «face down» position continuously for 3 hours. Results. In all cases the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) increased and closure of the macular hole was achieved. Conclusions. 1. Surgical treatment of a macular hole with atypical epiretinal tissue has specific features that are not characteristic of the traditional treatment of an idiopathic macular hole. 2. The presence of a fixed perifoveal border of epiretinal tissue is an intraoperative feature. 3. Preservation of the perifoveolar border of epiretinal proliferation contributes to the closure of the macular hole without any additional mechanical manipulations or the use of biological adjuvants. 4. For a better understanding of the regenerative properties of epiretinal proliferation, it is necessary to increase the study sample, as well as to conduct histological studies of this tissue. Keywords: macular hole, epiretinal proliferation, atypical tissue, yellow tissue, perifovea corona phenomenon

Effects of nitrogen addition and plant litter manipulation on soil fungal and bacterial communities in a semiarid sandy land.

The plant and soil microbial communities are influenced by variability in environmental conditions (e.g., nitrogen addition); however, it is unclear how long-term nitrogen addition and litter manipulation affect soil microbial communities in a semiarid sandy grassland. Therefore, we simulated the impact of N addition and litter manipulation (litter removal, litter doubling) on plant and soil microbial communities in Horqin grassland, northern China through an experiment from 2014 to 2019. Our results revealed that in the case of non-nitrogen (N0), litter manipulation significantly reduced vegetation coverage (V) (p < 0.05); soil bacterial communities have higher alpha diversity than that of the fungi, and the beta diversity of soil fungi was higher than that of the bacteria; soil microbial alpha diversity was significantly decreased by nitrogen addition (N10) (p < 0.05); N addition and litter manipulation had significantly interactive influences on soil microbial beta diversity, and litter manipulation (C0 and C2) had significantly decreased soil microbial beta diversity (p < 0.05) in the case of nitrogen addition (N10) (p < 0.05). Moreover, bacteria were mostly dominated by the universal phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria, and fungi were only dominated by Ascomycota. Furthermore, the correlation analysis, redundancy analysis (RDA), and variation partitioning analysis indicated that the soil fungi community was more apt to be influenced by plant community diversity. Our results provide evidence that plant and soil microbial community respond differently to the treatments of the 6-year N addition and litter manipulation in a semiarid sandy land.