Addition Of Light Research Articles

The Effect of LED Lighting Durations on Growth, Yield and Quality of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under Greenhouse Condition

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) show promise as a radiation source for intensive crop cultivation systems, especially for vegetables in the greenhouse. Regarding mustard greens, most studies have investigated the effects of LED lights at the seedling stage under chamber conditions for microgreens not addressed throughout their growing period up to harvest. Therefore, this study is focused to evaluate the effect of additional LED lighting time from 6 pm on the growth, yield and quality of mustard greens under a greenhouse in Kien Giang province as a typical tropical region. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications, from August 1st to September 18th, 2023. Four treatments: AL0, AL2, AL4 and AL6 correspond to lighting durations of 0, 2, 4 and 6 h of LED light, which includes a combination of 3 white lights: 1 pink light, 58 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD, and a Blue (18 %): Green (41 %): Red (41 %) ratio. Results showed that AL4 had the most significant positive impact on mustard plant growth, with higher dry and fresh weight, plant height, leaf width and length. However, AL6 inhibited most parameters except leaf number. Additionally, under AL4 conditions, mustard allocated more biomass to leaves, while those under AL6 conditions allocated more biomass to stems. In terms of quality, LED lighting duration negatively influenced protein content. For instance, AL0 showed the significantly greatest protein value (2.87 ± 0.08 g·kg−1) compared to others. Apart from AL0, AL6 had a considerably higher value of protein content (2.58 ± 0.2 g·kg−1) compared to AL2 (1.74 ± 0.04 g·kg−1) and AL4 (2.17 ± 0.07 g·kg−1). The additional durations of LED lighting influenced mature mustard greens’ morphology, physiology and quality, providing valuable scientific information for improving vegetable quality and quantity in tropical zones. HIGHLIGHTS 4 hours of additional LED light had the most significant positive impact on mustard plant growth, with higher dry and fresh weight, plant height, leaf width, and length. Additionally, leaf number increased under 6 hours of additional LED light. Under 4 hours of additional LED light, mustard allocated more biomass to leaves, while those under 6 hours of additional LED light allocated more biomass to stems. Lighting with LED resulted in a lower protein value, and different durations of LED lighting resulted in varying protein content values. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Response to Addition of Lighting Duration and Electrical Induction in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Plant on the Uptake of Nitrogen, Phosphors, Potassium and Yield

Background: The impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes problems of land degradation, low fertility levels and reduced cation exchange capacity. To increase nutrient uptake and yield of lettuce plants, cultivation techniques using induction and additional lighting are needed. The aim is to increase nutrient absorption and plant yields. Methods: The research design used a split plot with Factorial Randomized Groups. Factor 1 Lighting duration (P) for 4 and 8 hours per day and Factor 2, induction with DC (Direct Current) current (S). Induction 1 time per day (S1); The treatment in this study was repeated 4 times. Induction 2 times per day (S2) and Induction 3 times per day (S3). Result: The combination P2S2 showed good results regarding the uptake of Nitrogen (20.1 Kg.Ha-1), Phosphorus (2.71 Kg.Ha-1) and Potassium (67.23 Kg.Ha-1) in plant leaves. The P1S2 treatment showed a leaf area of (1652.19 cm2). The adding 4 hours of light and an induction interval of 2 times per day gave good results on the uptake of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the leaf of lettuce plants.

UK National Fingerprint Collaborative Exercise 2022-23

In 2022–2023 the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) designed and conducted a two-part fingerprint Collaborative Exercise (CE). The CE focussed on fingermarks contaminated in blood as they provide a complex scenario for forensic units and it involved both fingermark visualisation and comparison elements. Participants were requested to treat the exercise as a major crime submission following internal protocols and were invited to provide comments relating to how the marks were deposited (if appropriate). Overall, forensic units performed well within both parts of the exercise. The exercise highlighted the importance of conducting sequential fingermark visualisation techniques, utilising additional lighting techniques and maintaining detailed notes throughout the fingerprint examination process. The outputs from the CE provided opportunities for forensic units to learn from one another, raise the level of understanding of blood contaminated fingermarks and identify areas of improvement which can be incorporated into internal processes.

Responses of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) to additional lighting duration of LED under greenhouse conditions in the tropical zone

ABSTRACT Light-emitting diodes have been beneficial for plant growth, especially for microgreens in countries with low radiation, greenhouses, and chambers. However, information about how plants respond to additional light-emitting diode lighting after 12 hours of sunlight exposure in tropical areas is limited. This study examines the effects of long-duration light-emitting diodes on mustard greens in Kien Giang province, Vietnam (105°14’33.21” E; 9°91’41.13” N). The trials were conducted in the greenhouse for two growing seasons with a completely randomized design, including 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours of assembled light-emitting diodes lighting and 4 hours of commercial light-emitting diodes lighting after 6 pm, with three replications. Results showed that weather factors in season 2 favorably influenced mustard’s growth. At 4 hours of lighting, commercial light-emitting diodes showed a higher chlorophyll index, flowering time, flowering rate, leaf number, and absolute growth rate of leaf number but less leaf and fresh shoot weight than assembled light-emitting diodes. Four hours of assembled light-emitting diodes positively affected most mustard growth, while 6 hours of assembled light-emitting diodes were superior for flowering aspects. Adding 4 hours of light-emitting diodes could increase leafy yield and shorten the harvesting time of mustard greens grown in greenhouses under tropical conditions.

Rainy and dry seasons impact on electricity demand in Indonesia

Electricity consumption has become an integral part of daily life and is pivotal in supporting various aspects of human life. North Aceh Regency, a tropical region in Indonesia, experiences significant seasonal fluctuations between the rainy and dry seasons. This research aims to investigate and analyze the impact of these seasonal differences on electricity consumption patterns by consumers in the region using the IBM SPSS statistical method. Monthly electricity consumption data from consumers in North Aceh Regency over a specific period were collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS software. Descriptive statistical analysis, hypothesis testing, and regression models were employed to identify significant differences in electricity consumption between the rainy and dry seasons and to understand the factors influencing consumption patterns. The results of the analysis indicate a significant difference in electricity consumption between the rainy and dry seasons in North Aceh Regency. The dry season shows an increase in electricity consumption, possibly related to factors such as the use of air conditioning and additional lighting.

Практические рекомендации по снижению шума на рабочем месте машиниста вагона-электростанции восстановительного поезда

Electric power cars are a special type of energy and further powering of additional lighting and auxiliary equipment. There are many different types of electric power cars for freight, passenger, and recovery trains. Electric power cars of recovery trains have several features: a large number of high-capacity diesel generator sets to ensure faultless operation of equipment and their formation based on postal and baggage cars employed earlier. On the basis of previous studies, it has been concluded that vibroacoustic characteristics inside the power car exceed maximum permissible values. Air and structural components are specific for such exceedances. Based on the analysis of experimental data, special multilayer flooring and the lining of internal partitions with sound-insulating and sound-absorbing sandwich panels have been proposed. The results of the implementation of a set and engineering measures have been considered. According to the recalculation by the «time-protection» formula, it has been detected that the noise must be reduced by 8–10 dB. As a result of the implementation of a set of measures, graphs for comparison containing maximum permissible levels, noise exceedance curve considering the «time-protection» recalculation, and the actual spectrum obtained after the implementation of measures have been provided. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the sanitary norms of noise at the workplaces of power car drivers are successfully observed.

Effect of Light Conditions, Trichoderma Fungi and Food Polymers on Growth and Profile of Biologically Active Compounds in Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum.

The research investigates the influence of different lighting conditions and soil treatments, in particular the application of food polymers separately and in combination with spores of Trichoderma consortium, on the growth and development of herbs-Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum. The metabolic analysis focuses on detecting changes in the levels of biologically active compounds such as chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds (including flavonoids), terpenoids, and volatile organic compounds with potential health-promoting properties. By investigating these factors, the study aims to provide insights into how environmental conditions affect the growth and chemical composition of selected plants and to shed light on potential strategies for optimising the cultivation of these herbs for the improved quality and production of bioactive compounds. Under the influence of additional lighting, the growth of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum seedlings was greatly accelerated, resulting in an increase in shoot biomass and length, and in the case of T. vulgaris, an increase in carotenoid and anthocyanin contents. Regarding secondary metabolites, the most pronounced changes were observed in total antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content, which increased significantly under the influence of additional lighting. The simultaneous or separate application of Trichoderma and food polymers resulted in an increase in flavonoid content in the leaves of both Thymus species. The increase in terpenoid content under supplemental light appears to be related to the presence of Trichoderma spores as well as food polymers added to the soil. However, the nature of these changes depends on the thyme species. Volatile compounds were analysed using an electronic nose (E-nose). Eight volatile compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified in the vapours of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum: α-pinene, myrcene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene; 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol. Tendencies to increase the percentage of thymol and γ-terpinene under supplemental lighting were observed. The results also demonstrate a positive effect of food polymers and, to a lesser extent, Trichoderma fungi on the synthesis of VOCs with health-promoting properties. The effect of Trichoderma and food polymers on individual VOCs was positive in some cases for thymol and γ-terpinene.

Performance evaluation of a light shelf with a folding reflector (LSFR) to improve daylighting performance

Recently, light shelves have been in the spotlight as a solution to the increasing lighting energy consumption in buildings, and various studies have confirmed their effectiveness. However, there is a lack of research on light shelves that operate according to the solar azimuth. To address this, this study proposes a light shelf with a folding reflector (LSFR) that operates in alignment according to the solar azimuth and validates its effectiveness through a testbed. The key findings are as follows. (1) The proposed LSFR is divided into three modules and becomes an inclined plane by moving the modules at both ends. Moreover, combined with light shelf angle control, the LSFR enables control over the direction of daylight inflow through light shelf reflection. (2) This study determines the optimal angle for a flat light shelf with angle control, highlighting the need to adjust the angle based on the external environment to enhance daylighting efficiency. (3) Upon implementing the optimal specifications, the LSFR reduces lighting energy consumption by an average of 49.5% and enhances the indoor uniformity ratio by 20.1% compared with Case 2 (flat light shelf with angle control). Particularly, the LSFR achieved a satisfactory 300 lx illumination without using additional lighting under the environmental conditions set in this study, which demonstrates the effectiveness of Case 3.

Darker Cities due to the Energy Crisis and the need for context-specific urban lighting

Outdoor lighting has been dimmed or turned off in European municipalities due to the energy crisis. Dimming of outdoor lighting levels led to energy savings, advantages for biodiversity and less light pollution. But the dimming also triggers the basic human assumption that bright light is connected to safety and darkness is connected to fear. To discuss this basic assumption, human experience of dimmed lighting and perceived safety is explored through three case studies. One study explores human experiences of dimmed street lighting during energy crises, the second study investigates dimmed lighting levels around public transportation, and the third study is an example of a context-specific adaptation of street lighting in a residential area. The case studies reveal that dimmed lighting levels, minimized contrasts, and context-specific lighting can lead to an increased connectedness to the spatial and social urban context and an increased feeling of perceived safety. Thus, more light doesn’t always lead to more perceived safety. With a dimmed general lighting level, it is possible to introduce additional subtle lighting layers, structured in a lighting hierarchy to further enhance spatial and social qualities in outdoor contexts in the dark hours. in constructing both.

Machine learning-assisted image label-free smartphone platform for rapid segmentation and robust multi-urinalysis.

This study presents a groundbreaking approach for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other urological disorders through an image-label-free, multi-dipstick identification method, eliminating the need for complex machinery, label libraries, or preset coordinates. Our research successfully identified reaction pads on 187 multi-dipsticks, each with 11 pads, leveraging machine learning algorithms trained on human urine data. This technique aims to surpass traditional colourimetric methods and concentration-colour curve fitting, offering more robust and precise community screening and home monitoring capabilities. The developed algorithms enhance the generalizability of machine learning models by extracting primary colours and correcting urine colours on each reaction pad. This method's cost-effectiveness and portability are significant, as it requires no additional equipment beyond a standard smartphone. The system's performance rivals professional medical equipment without auxiliary lighting or flash under regular indoor light conditions, effectively managing false positives and negatives across various categories with remarkable accuracy. In a controlled experimental setting, we found that random forest algorithms, based on a Bagging strategy and applied in the HSV colour space, showed optimal results in smartphone-assisted urinalysis. This study also introduces a novel urine colour correction method, significantly improving machine learning model performance. Additionally, ISO parameters were identified as crucial factors influencing the accuracy of smartphone-based urinalysis in the absence of additional lighting or optical configurations, highlighting the potential of this technology in low-resource settings.

Lipid profile of parr and smolts of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared in aquaculture under various lighting regimes

The study of the biochemical mechanisms of the effect of additional lighting on the growth and early development of salmonids in aquaculture allows to identify patterns of slow or accelerated growth, as well as the onset of the smoltification. In this study, the results of changes in lipid status in parr and smolts of Atlantic salmon after the “winter window” (December-January) are presented. These results were obtained from three experimental groups exposed to different lighting and feeding regimes at the fingerlings stage. The changes in lipid composition of the studied young salmon indicate the onset of smoltification in all experimental groups. However, this effect is the most pronounced in the fish previously reared under continuous lighting during the summer-autumn season.

Microalgae and insects as alternative protein sources: Benefits and risks

Animal products have traditionally been considered the main sources of protein, but due to the increasing population of the planet and environmental pollution, there is a need to find new solutions to meet basic human nutritional needs. An alternative can be insects and microalgae — groups of organisms that, in their nutritional properties and chemical composition, are not inferior to products of animal origin. They are able to have a beneficial effect on the human body due to their high content of vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants. Introducing edible insects or microalgae into the human diet has many environmental benefits, including reducing overall greenhouse gases and reducing land and water consumption. This review examines the chemical composition of microalgae and some types of insects, notes the influence of raw material components on human health, describes associated biologically active compounds, as well as basic cultivation technologies and examples of commercial use. In Russia, due to climatic conditions, only seasonal cultivation of microalgae in open pools is possible. Phytobioreactors for year-round operation require significant financial investments, especially for additional lighting and heating. Microalgae are not very popular in Russia; they are mainly used as part of dietary supplements. Edible insects can be grown using recycled resources and require less initial investment. Today they are considered by scientists as a source of protein for farm animals.

Vitreoretinal surgery in difficult cases

In the everyday practice, we are dealing with various level of difficulty, while performing vitreoretinal cases. There are some cases which require high level of skills and experience in order to perform successful and effective surgery. Refractory or myopic macular holes, optic disk pit cases, PVR cases, advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy cases, trauma cases and paediatric vitreoretinal cases are some examples. The purpose of the SIS is a group of very experienced vitreoretinal surgeons with high volume of cases, to provide tips and pearls in to how to perform safer surgery, with the best results, anatomically and functionally. We will also provide advise into how to use chandelier additional lighting and how to use and remove heavy silicone oil and buckles.

Additional Lighting Effects for Photovoltaic Improvements in the Performance of Solar Cells

The basic function of the water flow lens (WFL) system is to cool, decrease, and increase light intensity with inevitable spectral oscillations, but in reality, that manipulation helps to better understand the possible additional optical and light effects and, thus, the nature of light itself, in the hopes of making significant progress toward the use of solar energy. According to the published research on a variety of solar devices, including commercial monocrystalline and amorphous Si‐solar cells, differently designed Sb2S3‐based solar cells made of synthesized undoped and doped semiconductors, and dye‐sensitized solar cells (Dyesol/Greatcell Solar DSL 30 NRD‐T) with varying sensitizers and cosensitizers, photovoltaic performance using the WFL system can show significant improvements in all tested conditions. Based on all previous results on different solar devices, many potential explanations for demonstrating common extra‐light effects for an increase in the performance of solar cells are experimentally compared and discussed. The theoretical history of the nature of light is reviewed, and our findings are commented on along with new disclosure.

The growing profile of Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. under different LED lighting

The growth of rocket Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. profiles was studied during 30 days of growing in the chamber under different lighting regimes; T5_ peak at 630 nm, LED1_ peak at 545 nm and LED2_ peak at 599 nm. There were no significant differences in dry weight after 15 days, however, from day 15 to 30, the increase in dry weight was significantly biggest under LED2. This agrees well with estimated average leaf area (LA) per plant (43.83 cm2 ), the increase of LA (39.70 cm2 ) and total fresh weight (7.898 g per plant). The regression analysis revealed the strongest correlation between the dry weight and PPFD_R light intensity (0.792**), showing the positive effect of additional LED lighting in comparison with standard T5 light.

Towards Controlling Mobile Robot Using Upper Human Body Gesture Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) has challenges in investigation of a nonverbal and natural interaction. This study contributes to developing a gesture recognition system capable of recognizing the entire human upper body for HRI, which has never been done in previous research. Preprocessing is applied to improve image quality, reduce noise and highlight important features of each image, including color segmentation, thresholding and resizing. The hue, saturation, value (HSV) color segmentation is executed by utilizing blue color backdrop and additional lighting to deal with illumination issue. Then thresholding is performed to get a black and white image to distinguish between background and foreground. The resizing is completed to adjust the image to match the size expected by the model. The preprocessed data image is used as input for gesture recognition based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This study recorded five gestures from five research subjects in difference gender and body posture with total of 450 images which divided into 380 and 70 images for training and testing respectively. Experiments that performed in an indoor environment showed that CNN achieved 92% of accuracy in the gesture recognition. It has lower level of accuracy compare to AlexNet model but with faster training computation time of 9 seconds. This result was obtained by testing the system over various distances. The optimal distance for a camera setting from user to interact with mobile robot by using gesture was 2.5 m. For future research, the proposed method will be improved and implemented for mobile robot motion control.

Illuminating Solutions for Reducing Mislaid Eggs of Cage-Free Layers

Social dynamics and lighting conditions influence floor egg-laying behavior (FELB) in hens. Hens prefer to lay eggs in darker areas, leading to mislaid eggs in cage-free systems. Consistent lighting is crucial to prevent mislaid eggs, but equipment obstructions can result in a dark floor area. These dark areas entice hens to lay their eggs outside the designated nesting area, which can lead to potential losses, damage, or contamination, creating hygiene problems and increasing the risk of bacterial growth, resulting in foodborne illnesses. Therefore, additional lighting in dark areas can be a potential solution. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of providing additional light in darker areas in reducing the number of mislaid eggs and FELB. Approximately 720 Hy-Line W-36 hens were housed in four cage-free experimental rooms (180 hens per room), and 6 focal hens from each room were randomly selected and provided with numbered harnesses (1–6) to identify which hens were performing FELB and identify the effect of illuminating solutions. Eggs laid on the floor and in nests were collected and recorded daily for two weeks before and after the light treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests for mislaid eggs and logistic regression for FELB in R Studio (p < 0.05). This study found that additional lighting in darker areas reduced the number of mislaid eggs by 23.8%. Similarly, the number of focal hens performing FELB decreased by 33.3%. This research also unveiled a noteworthy disparity in FELB, with approximately one-third of hens preferring designated nesting areas, while others opted for the floor, which was influenced by social dynamics. Additionally, egg-laying times varied significantly, ranging from 21.3 to 108.03 min, indicating that environmental factors and disturbances played a substantial role in this behavior. These findings suggest that introducing additional lighting in darker areas changes FELB in hens, reducing mislaid eggs and improving egg quality in cage-free systems.

Pintu Seribu Mosque Seen from Historical and Scientific Elements of the Concept of Lighting and Temperature

This research aims to evaluate the aspects of lighting and room temperature in the Thousand Gate Mosque, Banten, with a focus on its historical and scientific value. Using a descriptive method, room temperature and natural lighting, which affect the comfort of mosque users, were measured and monitored. The results revealed that the lighting and room temperature in the mosque do not meet the comfort standards set in Indonesia. As a solution, additional lighting such as lamps, air conditioning, or fans are needed to optimize the room temperature. Furthermore, through interviews and observations, it was found that the Thousand Gate Mosque holds historical significance, still recognized by the local community as a place of worship and a historical symbol due to its architecture. In conclusion, improving the evaluation of lighting and room temperature is necessary to enhance the comfort for mosque users. Additionally, promoting the mosque as a historical and educational destination is crucial to appreciate and utilize its historical value to the fullest. Thus, these efforts can preserve the authenticity of the mosque and provide greater benefits to the community and visitors

Aqueous Suspension of Porous SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles, Containing 9,10-diphenylanthracene, in Agrophotonics

An aqueous colloidal suspension of porous silicon dioxide nanoparticles containing an organic phosphor 9,10-diphenylanthracene was obtained by ultrasonic dispersion. The average size of suspension nanoparticles is 15–25 nm. This suspension has a characteristic absorption spectrum for diphenylanthracene in the region from 345 to 420 nm and a photoluminescence spectrum in the region from 400 to 550 nm. The resulting suspension was used for irrigation when growing bulbous plants (lilies and gladiolus) under conditions of a short light period with additional lighting with LEDs-based phytolamps with red and blue spectra. It has been established that the use of this suspension with nanoparticles that enter plants as an artificial photosynthetic pigment accelerates the growth of bulbous plants by an average of 15–20% compared to control samples under the same lighting conditions.

Automatic optical inspection for detecting keycaps misplacement using Tesseract optical character recognition

<span lang="EN-US">This research study aims to develop automatic optical inspection (AOI) for detecting keycaps misplacement on the keyboard. The AOI hardware has been designed using an industrial camera with an additional mechanical jig and lighting system. Optical character recognition (OCR) using the Tesseract OCR engine is the proposed method to detect keycaps misplacement. In addition, captured images were cropped using a predefined region of interest (ROI) during the setup. Subsequently, the cropped ROIs were processed to acquire binary images. Furthermore, Tesseract processed these binary images to recognize the text on the keycaps. Keycaps misplacement could be identified by comparing the predicted text with the actual text on the golden sample. Experiments on 25 defects and 25 non-defected samples provided a classification accuracy of 97.34%, a precision of 100%, and a recall of 90.70%. Meanwhile, the character error rate (CER) obtained from the test on a total of 57 characters provided a performance of 10.53%. This outcome has implications for developing AOI for various keyboard products. In addition, the precision level of 100% signifies that the proposed method always offers correct results in detecting product defects. Such outcomes are critical in industrial applications to prevent defective products from circulating in the market.</span>