Additional Group Research Articles

Ameliorative effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on the antioxidant status and ammonia stress resistance of Micropterus salmoides

The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on aquatic animals remain to be explored. Here, we conducted GABA addition tests, both in water and in feed, as well as ammonia stress tests using Micropterus salmoides (M. salmoides). The tissue structure and indicators associated with the oxidative state of M. salmoides were evaluated to assess the effects. The results showed that, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total antioxidant capacity in most of the GABA water addition groups were lower than those in the control group at 96 h after the addition of GABA. In the gill of feed addition groups (GL: 30 mg kg−1; GM: 90 mg kg−1; GH: 150 mg kg−1), the contents of glutathione (GSH) in the GH group were significantly higher when compared with their control group (CK group: 0 mg kg−1) at day 12 and day 15. In the following ammonia stress test, the tissue damage of the gill, brain, and kidney were alleviated in the GM and GH groups. The GSH contents of all tissues in all groups decreased gradually with the prolongation of the stress time. Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents have the opposite trend. The results suggested that GABA addition in water may not be applicable in actual aquaculture. The inclusion of GABA in the feed at concentrations of 90 and 150 mg kg−1 contributed to improving the ammonia resistance of M. salmoides by reducing tissue damage and the inflammatory response, as well as improving the antioxidant status. Moreover, the gill might be the target tissue protected by GABA in M. salmoides under ammonia stress. These results could enrich our basic understanding of the effect of GABA on aquatic animals and help us find possible ways to solve the environmental stress problems in aquaculture.

Behavioral and neurocognitive factors distinguishing post-traumatic stress comorbidity in substance use disorders

Significant trauma histories and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in persons with substance use disorders (SUD) and often associate with increased SUD severity and poorer response to SUD treatment. As such, this sub-population has been associated with unique risk factors and treatment needs. Understanding the distinct etiological profile of persons with co-occurring SUD and PTSD is therefore crucial for advancing our knowledge of underlying mechanisms and the development of precision treatments. To this end, we employed supervised machine learning algorithms to interrogate the responses of 160 participants with SUD on the multidimensional NIDA Phenotyping Assessment Battery. Significant PTSD symptomatology was correctly predicted in 75% of participants (sensitivity: 80%; specificity: 72.22%) using a classification-based model based on anxiety and depressive symptoms, perseverative thinking styles, and interoceptive awareness. A regression-based machine learning model also utilized similar predictors, but failed to accurately predict severity of PTSD symptoms. These data indicate that even in a population already characterized by elevated negative affect (individuals with SUD), especially severe negative affect was predictive of PTSD symptomatology. In a follow-up analysis of a subset of 102 participants who also completed neurocognitive tasks, comorbidity status was correctly predicted in 86.67% of participants (sensitivity: 91.67%; specificity: 66.67%) based on depressive symptoms and fear-related attentional bias. However, a regression-based analysis did not identify fear-related attentional bias as a splitting factor, but instead split and categorized the sample based on indices of aggression, metacognition, distress tolerance, and interoceptive awareness. These data indicate that within a population of individuals with SUD, aberrations in tolerating and regulating aversive internal experiences may also characterize those with significant trauma histories, akin to findings in persons with anxiety without SUD. The results also highlight the need for further research on PTSD-SUD comorbidity that includes additional comparison groups (i.e., persons with only PTSD), captures additional comorbid diagnoses that may influence the PTSD-SUD relationship, examines additional types of SUDs (e.g., alcohol use disorder), and differentiates between subtypes of PTSD.

Children With Developmental Language Disorder Have Lower Quality of Life Than Children With Typical Development and Children With Cochlear Implants.

The purpose of this study was to examine quality of life (QOL) and its relation to language skills in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). This was examined by comparing QOL to a control group of children with typical development (TD), as well as children with cochlear implants (CIs), who potentially struggle with language for language, although for a different reason than children with DLD. Two groups of children, a group with TD (n = 29) and a group of children with CIs (n = 29), were matched to the DLD group (n = 29) on chronological age, gender, nonverbal IQ, and parental educational level through a propensity matching procedure. A third group consisting of children with CIs was also matched to the DLD group but additionally matched on language abilities. QOL scores were compared across groups, and the association between language skills and QOL was examined in the DLD group. The DLD group was reported by parents to have statistically significantly poorer QOL scores than peers with TD or CIs. When controlling for language skills, either statistically or through an additional CI group matched on language abilities, there were no statistically significant differences in QOL scores across groups. In the DLD group, language skills explained 16% of the variation in QOL. DLD is associated with the children's overall QOL, and the degree of reduced QOL relates to the severity of the language impairment.

Short-term efficacy of additional laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy after non-curative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer.

To investigate short-term efficacy of direct laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy (LAG) versus non-curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) plus additional LAG for early gastric cancer. 286 patients were retrospectively assigned into two groups: direct LAG group (n = 255) and additional LAG (ESD plus LAG, n = 31) group. A 1:2 propensity score matching was performed to equalize relevant confounding factors between two groups for analysis. Ninety-three patients were successfully matched, including 62 in the direct LAG group and 31 in the additional LAG group. A significant (P = 0.013) difference existed in the drainage removal time between the additional LAG and direct LAG group (7 d vs. 6 d). Age, sex, tumor location and surgical approach were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with complications, with age ≥ 60 years (P = 0.002) and total gastrectomy (P = 0.011) as significant independent risk factors. A significant (P = 0.023) difference existed in the surgical time between the early and late groups (193.3 ± 37.6 min vs. 165.5 ± 25.1 min). Additional LAG (D1 + lymphadenectomy) after ESD may be safe and effective even though non-curative ESD may prolong the drainage removal time and increase the difficulty of surgery.

The Influence of Hearing Loss on the Pupil Response to Degraded Speech.

Current evidence regarding the influence of hearing loss on the pupil response elicited by speech perception is inconsistent. This might be partially due to confounding effects of age. This study aimed to compare pupil responses in age-matched groups of normal-hearing (NH) and hard of hearing (HH) listeners during listening to speech. We tested the baseline pupil size and mean and peak pupil dilation response of 17 NH participants (Mage = 46 years; age range: 20-62 years) and 17 HH participants (Mage = 45 years; age range: 20-63 years) who were pairwise matched on age and educational level. Participants performed three speech perception tasks at a 50% intelligibility level: noise-vocoded speech and speech masked with either stationary noise or interfering speech. They also listened to speech presented in quiet. Hearing loss was associated with poorer speech perception, except for noise-vocoded speech. In contrast to NH participants, performance of HH participants did not improve across trials for the interfering speech condition, and it decreased for speech in stationary noise. HH participants had a smaller mean pupil dilation in degraded speech conditions compared to NH participants, but not for speech in quiet. They also had a steeper decline in the baseline pupil size across trials. The baseline pupil size was smaller for noise-vocoded speech as compared to the other conditions. The normalized data showed an additional group effect on the baseline pupil response. Hearing loss is associated with a smaller pupil response and steeper decline in baseline pupil size during the perception of degraded speech. This suggests difficulties of the HH participants to sustain their effort investment and performance across the test session.

Cocrystal of Codeine and Cyclopentobarbital

The two-component compound formed by codeine and cyclopentobarbital was produced using grinding techniques and through evaporation from alcoholic solutions. The cocrystal nature of this phase was established unequivocally through single crystal X-ray structure determination. The asymmetric unit contains one formula unit. In the cyclopentobarbital molecule, the cyclopentenyl ring is disordered over two positions related by a rotation of approximately 180° about its C—C bond to the pyrimidine ring. The two NH groups of the cyclopentobarbital molecule form N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O bonds to piperidine and hydroxyl groups, respectively, belonging to different codeine molecules. In addition, the hydroxyl and methoxy groups of neighboring codeine molecules are linked by O—H⋯O interactions, resulting in a H-bonded framework structure of codeine and cyclopentobarbital molecules. The cocrystal was also characterized using thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and IR spectroscopy.

Empathy and resilience in health care professionals

Empathy and resilience have an indirect effect on raising the level of the quality of care, as empathy is the basis for good interactions between medical workers and patients, and resilience, as a dynamic process, helps caregivers adapt well to difficult working conditions, risks or traumas experienced. The development of empathy and resilience of these medical workers is possible by a training method already employed among medical students in order to both improve the quality of care, but also to more effectively prevent professional burnout. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of empathy and the level of resilience, their possible correlations with each other, as well as the relationship of these variables with socio-demographic variables.The study was carried out in 2021 among 31 doctors and 45 nurses using two main tools - the Emotional-Cognitive Empathy Questionnaire (EEP)by Ewa Wilczek-Rużyczka and the Resilience Measurement Scale(SPP-25) by Nina Oginska-Bulik and Zygfryd Juczynski, as well as a socio-demographic questionnaire.The most valuable results of the study turned out to be the demonstration of statistically significant concordant associations of empathy level with resilience level both in general, and their individual factors as statistically significant intercorrelations. In addition, statistically significant differences were shown in the case of cognitive empathy - higher levels of empathy were found among people with longer work experience and women when compared to men. In the case of the level of other components of empathy, as well as resilience, differences so as to be statistically significant could not be confirmed.It is recommended that empathy and resilience training sessions be implemented for health care workers, and that the study be continued with larger research groups, with additional control groups, to refine the programs of these training sessions.

Improve MOF-801 dispersibility in PVA membranes by a pre-crosslinking strategy for enhanced pervaporation performance

Interfacial defect caused by the poor dispersibility of filler particles has been a major obstacle in the application of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Improving the fillers dispersibility is an effective approach to improve the separation performance. In this work, for the purpose of preparing defect-free MMMs, a pre-crosslinking strategy was proposed to covalently connect the fillers to the polymer. Such covalently connection realized by the reaction between the additional carboxyl group of the MOF-801 and the hydroxyl group of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The newly reacted ester group, confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), was identified as a bridge between MOF-801 and PVA. This bridge provides a strong bond between the two and avoids agglomeration between the MOF particles. The uniform distribution of Zr elements observed in the Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) mapping further confirms that the MOF-801 particles are well dispersed in the MMMs. The prepared membranes exhibited a superior water flux of 3354 g m−2 h−1 for 90 wt % ethanol/water separation at 343 K and excellent stability in 92 h experiment. This study provides an inspiration for mitigating excessive particle agglomeration in MMMs.

Complexity-Building ESIPT-Assisted Synthesis of Fused Polyheterocyclic Sulfonamides.

Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT), originally discovered and explored in depth in a number of extensive photophysical studies, is more recently rediscovered as a powerful synthetic tool, offering rapid access to complex polyheterocycles. In our prior work we have employed ESIPT in aromatic o-keto amines and amides, leading to diverse primary photoproducts-complex quinolinols or azacanes possessing a fused lactam moiety-which could additionally be modified in short, high-yielding postphotochemical reactions to further grow complexity of the heterocyclic core scaffold and/or to decorate it with additional functional groups. Given that sulfonamides are generally known as privileged substructures, in this study we pursued two goals: (i) To explore whether sulfonamides could behave as proton donors in the context of ESIPT-initiated photoinduced reactions; (ii) To assess the scope of subsequent complexity-building photochemical and postphotochemical steps, which give access to polyheterocyclic molecular cores with fused cyclic sulfonamide moieties. In this work we show that this is indeed the case. Simple sulfonamide-containing photoprecursors produced the sought-after heterocyclic products in experimentally simple photochemical reactions accompanied by significant step-normalized complexity increases as corroborated by the Böttcher complexity scores.

Formaldehyde interactions with oxygen- and nitrogen-functionalized carbonaceous surfaces in the presence of moisture: Computational approach vs experimental results

Theoretical studies of physical adsorption of formaldehyde and water (through a hydrogen bond formation), as well as chemisorption of formaldehyde (through a covalent CC bond formation) on the functionalized graphene surfaces were carried out. Various functional groups that are likely to exist at graphene surface edges, including hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl, amide, pyrrole, pyridine, lactam and imide groups were considered as interacting with HCHO. In the case of physical adsorption, hydroxyl, amine and amide groups showed the highest affinity towards formaldehyde, and lactam, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups towards water with stabilization energies in the range of 7.8–8.2 kcal mol−1 and 8.2–9.9 kcal mol−1 for formaldehyde and water, respectively. This effect was magnified when additional hydroxyl group(s), capable of forming hydrogen bonds with a specific target group, were present in its vicinity. For more than 50% configurations, physical adsorption favors water molecules. However, chemisorption of formaldehyde also occurred on surface functionalized with hydroxyl groups at room temperature since the electron rich graphene π-electron system initiated CHCHO-Cgraphene bond formation. This process requires overstepping the energy barrier of merely ca. 2.5 kcal mol−1 which means that it easily occurs at room temperature without an external catalyst. The opposite (desorption) reaction could not proceed as the energy barrier exceeded 30 kcal mol−1. Similar reaction, less energetically favorable though, was shown to take place in the case of amine functionality.

Linker-Functionalized Phosphinate Metal-Organic Frameworks: Adsorbents for the Removal of Emerging Pollutants.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are attracting increasing attention as adsorbents of contaminants of emerging concern that are difficult to remove by conventional processes. This paper examines how functional groups covering the pore walls of phosphinate-based MOFs affect the adsorption of specific pharmaceutical pollutants (diclofenac, cephalexin, and sulfamethoxazole) and their hydrolytic stability. New structures, isoreticular to the phosphinate MOF ICR-7, are presented. The phenyl ring facing the pore wall of the presented MOFs is modified with dimethylamino groups (ICR-8) and ethyl carboxylate groups (ICR-14). These functionalized MOFs were obtained from two newly synthesized phosphinate linkers containing the respective functional groups. The presence of additional functional groups resulted in higher affinity toward the tested pollutants compared to ICR-7 or activated carbon. However, this modification also comes with a reduced adsorption capacity. Importantly, the introduction of the functional groups enhanced the hydrolytic stability of the MOFs.

Accuracy, scanning time, and patient satisfaction of stereophotogrammetry systems for acquiring 3D dental implant positions: A systematic review.

To evaluate accuracy, scanning time, and patient satisfaction of photogrammetry (PG) systems for recording the 3D position of dental implants. A literature search was completed in five databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, World of Science, and Cochrane. A manual search was also conducted. Studies reporting the use of commercially available PG systems were included. Two investigators evaluated the studies independently by applying the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal. A third examiner was consulted to resolve any lack of consensus. A total of 14 articles were included: 3 in vivo, 6 in vitro, and 6 case report manuscripts. One clinical study evaluated trueness, another one tested precision, and the third one assessed impression time and patient and operator satisfaction. All the in vitro studies evaluated the trueness and precision of a PG system. Additionally, all the reviewed studies investigated completely edentulous conditions with multiple implants. The number of placed implants per arch among the reviewed clinical studies varied from 4 to 8 implants, while the number of implants placed on the reference casts included 4, 5, 6, or 8 implants. Not all the studies compared the accuracy of PG systems with conventional impression methods, using intraoral scanners as additional experimental groups. For the PIC system, trueness ranged from 10 to 49μm and precision ranged from 5 to 65μm. For the iCam4D system, trueness ranged from 24 to 77μm and the precision value ranged from 2 to 203μm. PG systems may provide a reliable alternative for acquiring the 3D position of dental implants. However, this conclusion should be interpreted carefully, as one study reported a mean precision value of one PG system higher than the clinically acceptable discrepancy. Lower scanning time and higher patient and operator satisfaction have been reported when compared with conventional techniques. Further studies are needed to increase the evidence regarding the accuracy, scanning time, and patient and operator satisfaction of the commercially available PG systems.

Improved Elekes-Szabó type estimates using proximity

We prove a new Elekes-Szabó type estimate on the size of the intersection of a Cartesian product A×B×C with an algebraic surface {f=0} over the reals. In particular, if A,B,C are sets of N real numbers and f is a trivariate polynomial, then either f has a special form that encodes additive group structure (for example, f(x,y,x)=x+y−z), or A×B×C∩{f=0} has cardinality O(N12/7). This is an improvement over the previous bound O(N11/6). We also prove an asymmetric version of our main result, which yields an Elekes-Ronyai type expanding polynomial estimate with exponent 3/2. This has applications to questions in combinatorial geometry related to the Erdős distinct distances problem.Like previous approaches to the problem, we rephrase the question as an L2 estimate, which can be analyzed by counting additive quadruples. The latter problem can be recast as an incidence problem involving points and curves in the plane. The new idea in our proof is that we use the order structure of the reals to restrict attention to a smaller collection of proximate additive quadruples.

Combined effects of vitamin B12 and fumarate on rumen propionate production and methanogenesis in dairy cow in vitro

AbstractThis study explored the combined effects of vitamin B12 and fumarate supplementation on methane (CH4) emission and propionate synthesis in dairy cows through simulated rumen fermentation in vitro. The experimental animals were 3 cows with an average milk yield of 23 ± 2.8 kg/d, a body weight of 618 ± 100 kg, and a parity of 3 ± 1 that were selected as rumen fluid donors. The TMR diet fed to cows is a fermentation substrate. Experiments adopted 2 × 2 factorial design, including control group, vitamin group (1 mg/g DM vitamin B12), fumarate group (100 mg/g DM), and combined addition group (1 mg/g DM vitamin B12 and 100 mg/g DM). All treatments had no effect on the dry matter degradation (DMD). Both vitamin B12 and fumarate reduced CH4 emission, increased the propionate concentration, and reduced the acetate/propionate ratio without any observed interaction. Vitamin B12 made Prevotella and Prevotellaceae_ UCG‐003 increase in quantity, and fumarate increased the abundance of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG‐002 and Selenomonas, both of which are propionate‐producing bacteria. At the species level, the supplementation of vitamin B12 and fumarate slightly changed the abundance of some strains, but it was not statistically significant. Shifts in the abundance of propionate‐producing bacteria and methanogenic archaea species suggest an increase in propionate production and a decrease in CH4 emission. In conclusion, the addition of vitamin B12 and fumarate changed the fermentation mode of the rumen and reduced the emission of CH4 by affecting the structure of the rumen microbial community, but no obvious interaction was found between the two.

Effect of high-intensity laser therapy versus shockwave therapy on selected outcome measures in osteoporotic long-term hemiparetic patients: a randomized control trial

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the effects of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in treating consequences of osteoporosis in hemiparetic patients.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted on hemiplegic patients with osteoporosis. They were randomly classified into three equal groups (n = 40 in each group). The control group received medication and traditional physiotherapy programs for stroke patients. The high-intensity laser (HIL) group received the same intervention as the control group in addition to high-intensity laser therapy. The shock wave (SW) group received the same intervention as the control group in addition to shock wave therapy. The three groups received an intervention that lasted 3 sessions/week for 12 weeks). All groups were assessed before and after therapy for the degree of pain, fall risk, and quality of life.ResultsA statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found concerning VAS, which had a significant difference in favor of HILT and ESWT groups compared to the control group; however, no significant difference was determined between HIL and SW groups. Regarding the overall stability index, SFBBS, and QUALEFFO-41, there was a significant difference in favor of HIL and SW groups compared to the control group, and a significant difference was found in HIL when compared to SW.ConclusionThe current study indicates that the combined traditional physical therapy and HILT and ESWT have clinical significance in improving osteoporotic long-term hemiparetic patients with more favor to HILT.Trial registration: The study was registered as a clinical trial at ClinicalTrial.gov ID (NCT05616611).

Self-stigma among people with serious mental illnesses: The use of focus groups to inform the development of a brief video intervention.

People with mental illnesses may avoid or delay treatment due to a fear of labeling and discrimination, a phenomenon known as self-stigma. Self-stigma is a major barrier to care and creates obstacles to pursuing employment, independent living, and a fulfilling social life. We aimed to gather input from people with lived experience of mental illness to develop a social-contact-based, brief video-based intervention to reduce self-stigma. Two (n = 12) focus groups were conducted to inform video content and led to the creation of a script and brief video using a professional actor, who described a story of living with schizophrenia while focusing on symptoms, personal struggles, and recovery. Two (n = 9) additional focus groups were held after video development to gather feedback and suggested edits. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Themes emerging in prevideo development included the negative effects of being diagnosed with severe mental illnesses, being stereotyped, the value of relatable recovery stories and seeing the person as a whole, and the utility of focusing on symptoms and experiences rather than diagnosis-specific language. Feedback in the postvideo focus groups was mainly favorable and resulted in edits related to language about "responsibility" and a disclaimer about using a professional actor. While participants' experiences of stigma are consistent with extant literature, this is the first study to elicit the perspectives of people living with mental illnesses in developing a video intervention to reduce self-stigma. Studies are needed to examine the efficacy of these videos in reducing self/public stigma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Photoactivated Gallium Porphyrin Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Colonization on the Skin and Suppresses Its Ability to Produce Enterotoxin C and TSST-1.

Staphylococcus aureus is a key pathogen in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenicity. Over half of AD patients are carriers of S. aureus. Clinical isolates derived from AD patients produce various staphylococcal enterotoxins, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin C or toxic shock syndrome toxin. The production of these virulence factors is correlated with more severe AD. In this study, we propose cationic heme-mimetic gallium porphyrin (Ga3+CHP), a novel gallium metalloporphyrin, as an anti-staphylococcal agent that functions through dual mechanisms: a light-dependent mechanism (antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation, aPDI) and a light-independent mechanism (suppressing iron metabolism). Ga3+CHP has two additive quaternary ammonium groups that increase its water solubility. Furthermore, Ga3+CHP is an efficient generator of singlet oxygen and can be recognized by heme-target systems such as Isd, which improves the intracellular accumulation of this compound. Ga3+CHP activated with green light effectively reduced the survival of clinical S. aureus isolates derived from AD patients (>5 log10 CFU/mL) and affected their enterotoxin gene expression. Additionally, there was a decrease in the biological functionality of studied toxins regarding their superantigenicity. In aPDI conditions, there was no pronounced toxicity in HaCaT keratinocytes with both normal and suppressed filaggrin gene expression, which occurs in ∼50% of AD patients. Additionally, no mutagenic activity was observed. Green light-activated gallium metalloporphyrins may be a promising chemotherapeutic to reduce S. aureus colonization on the skin of AD patients.

A study of ortho-phthalimide functional benzoxazine resins with additional cross-linkable group

A study of ortho-phthalimide functional benzoxazine resins with additional cross-linkable group

Design and Synthesis of a Polyketone Building Block with Vinyl Groups-9,10-Diethyl-9,10-ethenoanthracene-2,3,6,7(9H,10H)-tetraone-and a Preliminary Photoelectrical Property Study of Its Azaacene Derivatives.

Polyketone compounds are powerful building blocks to synthesize various organic functional materials. Despite that a great many number of planar and non-planar polyketone building blocks have been developed, one issue is that generally there are only ketone functional groups on the molecular skeleton, which will constrain their transformation and further limit the development of functional materials. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a building block 9,10-diethyl-9,10-ethenoanthracene-2,3,6,7(9H,10H)-tetraone with additional vinyl functional groups. In addition, its azaacene derivatives were also synthesized, and their preliminary physicochemical properties were studied.

Hydrophobic, Thermal Shock-and-Corrosion-Resistant XSBR Latex-Modified Lightweight Class G Cement Composites in Geothermal Well Energy Storage Systems.

Energy losses can be significantly reduced if thermally insulating cement is used for energy storage and recovery. The thermal conductivity (TC) of the currently used cement is between 1 and 1.2 W/mK. In this study we assessed the ability of polystyrene (PS)-polybutadiene (PB)-polyacrylic acid (PAA) terpolymer (cross-linked styrene-butadiene rubber, XSBR) latex to improve thermal insulating properties and thermal shock (TS) resistance of class G ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and fly ash cenosphere (FCSs) composites in the temperature range of 100-175 °C. The composites autoclaved at 100 °C were subjected to three cycles, one cycle: 175 °C heat → 25 °C water quenching). In hydrothermal and thermal (TS) environments at elevated temperatures in cement slurries the XSBR latex formed acrylic calcium complexes through acid-base reactions, and the number of such complexes increased at higher temperatures due to the XSBR degradation with formation of additional acrylic groups. As a result, these complexes offered the following five advanced properties to the OPC-based composites: (1) enhanced hydrophobicity; (2) decreased water-fillable porosity; (3) reduced TC for water-saturated composites; (4) minimized loss of compressive strength, Young's modulus, and compressive fracture toughness after TS; and (5) abated pozzolanic activity of FCSs, which allowed FCSs to persist as thermal insulators under strongly alkaline conditions of cement slurries. Additionally, XSBR-modified slurries possessed improved workability and decreased slurry density due to the air-entraining effect of latex, which resulted in further improvement of thermal insulation performance of the modified composites.