Additional Education Research Articles

Providing a localised cervical cancer screening course for general practice nurses.

Cervical cancer screening programs in Australia have been developed to detect early precancerous changes in women with a cervix aged between 25 and 74. Yet, many barriers remain to the uptake of cervical screening. Barriers include a lack of culturally appropriate service provision, physical access, poor health literacy, emotional difficulties, socio-economic disadvantage and not having access to a female service provider. In remote and very remote areas of Australia, additional barriers experienced by Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander peoples include a distrust of healthcare providers and a lack of services, resulting in a much higher rate of diagnosis and death from cervical cancer. General practice nurses (GPNs) are well placed to conduct cervical screening tests (CSTs) after they have undertaken additional education and practical training. GPNs' increase in scope of practice is beneficial to general practice as it helps to remove some barriers to cervical screening. In addition, GPNs conducting CSTs reduce GP workload and burnout and increase teamwork. GPNs working in metropolitan clinics have greater access to training facilities, whereas those working in rural and remote clinics are required to travel potentially long distances to complete practical assessments. This highlights the need for training to be made available in rural and remote areas. The aim of this forum paper is therefore to generate further discussion on the need for training programs to be made available in rural and remote areas to aid the upskilling of GPNs.

Assessing Saudi women’s awareness about human papillomavirus (HPV) and their susceptibility to receive the vaccine

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is a significant health concern for women worldwide, with human papillomavirus (HPV) being the primary cause. This study aimed to assess Saudi women’s awareness and knowledge of HPV, determine their information sources, and evaluate their intention to receive the HPV vaccine. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 654 Saudi females aged 18 to 60 years from January to May 2023. The results revealed that 60.85% of the participants had heard about HPV, but only 8.25% had received the HPV vaccination. Despite the low vaccination rate, 71.11% of the respondents expressed willingness to receive the vaccine. Educational level was the significant predictor of the vaccine awareness and acceptance. The internet and social media were the most prevalent sources of information about HPV. The study highlights the need for additional education about HPV-related diseases and vaccination among Saudi women. Although there is a high level of HPV vaccine acceptance, the lack of knowledge suggests that targeted educational interventions are necessary to increase awareness and promote vaccination uptake. These findings can inform public health strategies to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Saudi Arabia through improved HPV vaccination coverage and education.

NP student knowledge and perceptions of medical marijuana.

This study aimed to measure NP students' knowledge and perception of medical marijuana (MM) and determine whether they need additional education on the topic. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was implemented. NP students were asked to complete a survey that assessed their knowledge of MM, including adverse reactions and medical indications. Perceptions of recreational marijuana and MM were assessed through a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire. Of the 230 NP students who completed all or part of the questionnaire, 115 met inclusion criteria and were included in results. Most students (94%) felt that MM should be legalized in all US states. Likewise, 97% felt that MM education should be included in NP program curricula; however, only 30% reported receiving in-depth education on the topic. Participants were asked to identify, among 18 provided medical conditions, those which were approved indications for MM use; accurate response rate was low, though cancer, pain, cachexia, nausea/vomiting, posttraumatic stress disorder, and epilepsy were identified correctly as indications by more than half of participants. Previous MM use and religious affiliation had an impact on knowledge and perceptions of MM. With an increasing number of states legalizing MM, NP programs must evaluate their current curricula and integrate content that addresses the gap in knowledge of MM mechanism of action, indications, and adverse reactions.

Digital game-based learning: economic principles and systems in the context of multimodal mediarhetoric of videogame cybertexts

Introduction. Modern methods of teaching economics should take into account the high degree of media involvement of a person and include innovative forms of media-textual support of educational practices. Due to their original semiotic structure and effective rhetorical possibilities, video games contain special educational potential. The main purpose of our research is to investigate strategies for integrating video game cybertexts into the practice of teaching economics at different educational levels. Materials and Methods. Methodologically, the study is based on the multimodal approach to understanding the semiotic structure of video games by J. Hawreliak and W. Toh, as well as the procedural-rhetorical optics of interpreting the medial nature of video games by I. Bogost and simulation theory by G. Frasca. In the practicalpedagogical dimension, the work is based on M. Prensky's Digital Game Based Learning methodology, and a classification approach and comparative analysis method are applied. Results. The multimodal structure of video games forms special semiotic ensembles capable of broadcasting information in a multitude of sign modes. Most economic games are virtual simulations of business and resource management. The disadvantages of the architectonics and nature of their simulations include: reductionism, algorithmicism, unrealistic behaviour of economic agents and temporal inauthenticity. The comparative analysis of empirical results demonstrates that the use of video-game cybertexts led to a noticeable increase (especially among students) in the degree of interest in learning the basics of economics and financial literacy. At the end of the experiment there was a significant (58-61%) increase in positive attitudes towards video games as educational cybertexts, the vast majority of students (87-92%) recognised the methodological DGBL-integrations as useful for them. The results of the qualitative test of knowledge test indicate a rather high (72-81%) efficiency of studying a number of thematic sections of economics and financial literacy on the basis of DGBL methodology. Conclusion. It is recommended to include sections (first of all, on competence-based study of business strategies and resource management) based on the study of videogame cybertexts in the working programmes of disciplines on economic topics for higher and additional professional education systems. To increase the effectiveness of educational practices, it is necessary to accompany the educational work with video games with specialised software with methodological orientation.

ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ ЛИЧНОСТНЫХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ В ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБЩЕРАЗВИВАЮЩЕЙ ПРОГРАММЕ

The article is devoted to the problem of designing personal results in an additional general education general development program. The authors reveal the essence of the concept of “personal results”, justify the need for the formation of personal results of students, and focus on data from an empirical study of the content of programs in terms of designing personal results. It is noted that the design of personal results should be carried out taking into account the focus of the program and the age characteristics of students based on the proposed algorithm. The need for diagnosing personal results is emphasized, in which formative assessment plays an important role. It is concluded that designing personal results is the most important condition for realizing the educational potential of the program and achieving its goals and objectives.

Основные этапы и некоторые тенденции становления музыкального образования в Курской Мариинской женской гимназии

The article analyses the history and practice of music education in the Kursk Mariinsky women’s gymnasium, which at the beginning of the 20th century became one of the centres of the artistic life of the provincial centre. The three main stages in the formation of the system of female gymnasium education in Kursk are studied both from the perspective of introducing gymnasium girls to musical culture, and in the aspect of identifying the foundations and the process of forming the musical traditions of the educational institution— the predecessor of the modern Kursk State University. A historiographic analysis leads to the conclusion that the information about the musical upbringing and education of pupils of the Mariinsky gymnasium in Kursk is insignificant. Hence, the purpose of the study is to collect, systematize and analyse the main aspects of the musical training of the pupils of the Kursk Mariinsky women’s gymnasium. As a result of the research, three historical stages of musical training in the gymnasium were identified. The first stage is the formation of the spiritual and religious traditions of the women’s first-class pedagogical school (since 1861), the Kursk women’s gymnasium (since 1870), and the Mariinsky gymnasium (since its inclusion in the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria, since 1871). The second is the creation of a system of additional musical education for schoolgirls, which was the result of the arrival of A.M. Abaza in Kursk and the opening of Kursk music classes by him (since 1882). The activity of the outstanding musician led not only to the active professional training of performers on academic instruments and guitar, but also to the growth of vocal and choral skills in the city. It is also significant that the direction of the choirs was carried out by him on a gratuitous basis. The third period is the result of the traditions of the previous stages; it brought musical education and enlightenment to a new level with the acquisition of a new Mariinsky gymnasium building with an assembly hall, which today, already as the hall of the Kursk State University, is recognized as the best in the region in terms of acoustics for academic vocalists, which contributes to the preservation and strengthening of the traditions of the past in our day.

Interventional Radiology Awareness Among Family Physicians and General Practitioners in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background Interventional radiology (IR) utilizes minimally invasive procedures guided by imaging to diagnose and treat various conditions, offering less invasive alternatives to traditional surgery. Despite its importance, awareness among family medicine practitioners can vary, affecting patient care. While IR has advanced in Saudi Arabia, there are limited data on family medicine practitioners' understanding of IR. This study assesses awareness of IR procedures among family medicine doctors in Jazan and their perceived need for further education. Methods A cross-sectional interview-administered survey was conducted online among family medicine doctors in Jazan via social media. The survey assessed demographic data, awareness of IR procedures, self-rated knowledge, and attitudes towards IR. Participants' understanding of IR training, hospital privileges, outpatient clinics, and recognition by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCHS) was evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results Out of 395 respondents, the age distribution was as follows: 20-29 years (44.3%), 30-39 years (32.9%), and 40 years or older (22.8%). Gender distribution was as follows: females (44.6%) and males (55.4%). Specialties included family medicine consultants (10.6%), residents (32.4%), specialists (22.8%), and general practitioners (34.2%). Awareness of IR procedures varied: uterine fibroid embolization (58.7%), coronary angiography (57.5%), vascular angioplasty (63.5%), radiofrequency ablation (61.3%), peripheral vascular bypass (61.8%), brain biopsy (56.2%), nephrostomy tube placement (59.5%), varicose veins treatment (63.0%), and cystoscopic tumor resection (54.7%). Self-rated knowledge was as follows: poor (46.8%), adequate (27.1%), good (15.7%), and excellent (10.4%). Most believed that interventional radiologists' training was in radiology (62.8%), with fewer attributing it to vascular surgery (20.5%) or a combination (16.7%). Regarding privileges and facilities, 248 (62.8%) reported hospital admitting privileges for IRs, 251 (63.5%) reported outpatient clinics, and 45 (11.4%) were unsure about admitting privileges. SCHS recognition was confirmed by 267 (67.6%). Referrals to IRs were made by 283 (71.6%), and 260 (65.8%) would increase referrals with more knowledge. The perceived benefit of additional education was as follows: no benefit (48.4%), some benefit (30.6%), and significant benefit (21.0%). Conclusion The study reveals gaps in awareness and knowledge of IR among family medicine doctors in Jazan. While there is recognition of IR's value and a willingness to refer patients, variations in knowledge highlight the need for targeted educational interventions. Improving education on IR could enhance integration into patient care and optimize outcomes.

Analisis Aktivitas Penghimpunan dan Penyaluran Dana Berdasarkan Konsep Mudharabah di Bank Nagari Syariah Solok

This research aims to analyze fund raising and distribution activities based on the Mudharabah concept at Bank Nagari Syariah Solok. Bank Nagari Syariah is a financial institution based on Islamic Sharia principles which aims to improve community welfare through improving economic business performance. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach by collecting data through interviews and documents from Bank Nagari Syariah. The results of this research show that the number of customers collecting funds through savings, deposits and current accounts continues to increase in the 2019-2023 period. This reflects the high level of public trust in Bank Nagar Syariah Solok. In addition, the increase in the number of customers who share money through mudharabah products for both investment and working capital shows the important role of Bank Nagari Syariah in supporting the real sector and micro, small and medium enterprises. (UMKM) Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the mudharabah concept implemented at Bank Nagar Syariah Solok is effective in collecting and distributing funds and has great potential in consistently improving the community's economy. . with sharia principles, but the biggest challenge is a lack of understanding. to the public about sharia products that require additional education from the bank.

Effectiveness of preventive intervention programmes aiming to improve oral health in children who have undergone caries-related dental extractions: a rapid review.

To determine the effectiveness of preventive interventions in children who have undergone caries-related dental extractions. Rapid review across five databases (CENTRAL, Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus). Quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Five studies were included, all randomised controlled trials involving pre-and/or post-extractions activity. Three studies involved oral health education (computer game, motivational interviewing, visual aids), one delivered clinical prevention (fissure sealants), and one an enhanced prevention programme combining additional health education and a clinical intervention (fluoride varnish). Retention was mixed (55%-80% in the intervention groups). Of the three studies measuring caries, all reported less caries development in the test group. However, only a study involving a dental nurse-delivered structured conversation, informed by motivational interviewing, showed an improvement in oral health. Two studies reporting on plaque and gingival bleeding had conflicting results. A study reporting on subsequent dental attendance did not demonstrate a clear improvement. Few published studies have explored prevention-based interventions in high caries-risk children requiring dental extractions. Whilst evidence of clinical benefit of preventive interventions in this population is limited, the potential use of contemporary behaviour change techniques appears promising. There is an urgent need for more high-quality longer-term trials using contemporary methodologies.

Mastering by Students of the Secondary Vocational Education System of the Main Section “Information Modeling” of the Discipline Program “Informatics” on the Basis of the Mental Approach

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the use of the mental approach in the system of secondary vocational education when students master the main section “Information Modeling” of the discipline “Informatics”.Research methodology. The idea of the study is related to the implementation of the mental approach in the system of secondary vocational education when students master one of the main sections of the sample work program of the general educational discipline “Informatics”, compiled by the authors of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education “Institute for the Development of Professional Education”. The use of the mental approach in studying the section devoted to information modeling is implemented on the basis of its two stages: at the first stage, connections are formed between the areas of the sensory zone and their model representations, at the second stage of training, the acquired intuitive experience is systematized using the concepts and terms of the subject area “Informatics”, as well as the section “Information Modeling”. To implement the mental approach, mental electronic textbooks are used, which make it possible to present and interpret the educational material of the section in the form of three levels: figurative-visual, model and theoretical-conceptual form. To implement the form of electronic textbooks, the development of N. Pak and N. Amangazy ugly was taken as a basis, demonstrating the transformation of educational resources in favor of transformer textbooks, adapted to the needs of the secondary vocational education system.Results. Based on the application of the mental approach in the system of secondary vocational education, the content and structure of the transformer textbook for the section “Information Modeling” of the discipline “Informatics” were developed, mental schemes of the module were compiled, an approximate content of question blocks for mastering the program module was proposed.Conclusions. The application of the mental approach to the system of secondary vocational education in the mastering by students of the main section of the discipline “Informatics” “Information Modeling” contributes to increased interactivity in lectures and practical classes, the organization of control and self-control of students’ knowledge.

Development of Extemporaneous Compounding as an Initiating Factor in the Transformation of Pharmaceutical Education: International Experience and Current Trends

INTRODUCTION. Currently, stakeholders across the Russian medical and pharmaceutical community are focusing on the restoration of national pharmaceutical compounding. The Russian pharmaceutical compounding market, with its great potential for growth, requires highly qualified professionals able to ensure the operation of compounding pharmacies and the proper quality of extemporaneous medicinal products. The effectiveness of training for such specialists can be improved by analysing the experience of educational institutions in countries with developed pharmaceutical compounding systems.AIM. This study aimed to analyse the distinguishing features of training for pharmaceutical compounding specialists, as well as determine the main trends in pharmaceutical compounding education in leading international academic institutions.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used methods of logical, comparative, structural, and content analysis. The analysis covered 106 pharmacy and pharmacology curricula of the top-25 higher education providers from the QS World University Rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds. The curricula were analysed using open data published online, particularly, on the official websites of the selected universities.RESULTS. The article presents the distinguishing features of pharmaceutical compounding education at different academic qualification levels; these features include the requirements for applicants, time to degree, competence standards, structure of exams, and specifics of students’ professional engagement, with consideration of the national context. The key trends in the education of specialists in pharmaceutical compounding include a decrease in training time for mid-level specialists; a tendency towards concentrating on clinical disciplines due to the expansion of the roles of pharmacy professionals; a growing focus on specialisation in the areas of paediatric, dental, sterile, veterinary, radiopharmaceutical, and orphan drug compounding; increasing use of simulated practice experiences and online learning technologies; and the development of continuing professional education systems.CONCLUSIONS. Pharmaceutical education programmes of leading international educational organisations include disciplines related to extemporaneous compounding. Current international trends—pharmaceutical education with further specialisation in extemporaneous compounding, integration of simulation technologies and online learning into the educational process, and development of continuing professional education—coincide with the development directions of pharmaceutical education in the Russian Federation. Whereas international pharmacy specialists complete additional professional education programmes to gain an additional specialisation in the extemporaneous preparation of paediatric medicinal products, sterile dosage forms, chemotherapy products, radiopharmaceuticals, veterinary products, and dental products, Russian specialists can acquire these additional competencies through further education programmes at the levels of advanced training and residency.

Developing a comprehensive curriculum program for nurse practitioners delivering primary care in the long-term care setting.

In the Long-Term Care (LTC) setting, comprehensive primary care is often provided by Nurse Practitioners (NPs). NPs are uniquely positioned to meet the evolving primary care needs of LTC residents. However, caring for this population requires additional education and training due to its special considerations. To meet the learning needs of NPs entering the LTC workplace, a Certificate Program was designed to enhance primary care competencies within the LTC setting. The aim of the program is to increase knowledge, capacity, and confidence of NPs to deliver quality, evidence-based, integrated, and interprofessional primary care to LTC residents. This curriculum is anticipated to address the growing need for LTC services and improve the delivery of high-quality primary care.

ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE ACCEPTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RADIOLOGY BY HEALTHCARE WORKERS

Aim: The research aims to explore healthcare workers' attitudes towards and acceptance of artificial intelligence in radiology, focusing on its potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce waiting times, increase service efficiency, and improve patient care. It seeks to assess their willingness to adopt artificial intelligence, along with their concerns, expectations, and educational needs to effectively utilize this technology in radiological practice.Methods: A prospective study surveyed 50 healthcare workers, including radiologists, technicians, nurses, and others using various radiological techniques for diagnosing diseases. Using a quantitative approach, numerical data from distributed surveys assessed their attitudes and knowledge regarding artificial intelligence in radiology. Conducted at Public Health Institution "Zdravstveni centar Brcko" in Bosnia and Herzegovina's Brcko District over 60 days, the research adhered to ethical principles and received approval from the center's Ethics Committee.Results: The majority of respondents recognize the potential of artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency of radiological services and treatment processes, but at the same time express the need for additional education and training in order to optimally use this technology. Despite the positive perception, part of the respondents are still not sure about the use of artificial intelligence, which emphasizes the importance of continuous information and education of healthcare workers.Conclusion: Ultimately, the research results indicate the importance of further steps in the implementation of artificial intelligence in radiology in order to improve the quality of health care and optimize treatment processes.Keywords: Artificial intelligence, radiological diagnostics, challenges, perspectives, quality of health care.

Digital technologies in additional professional education curricula as a mean for developing professional competencies in polytechnic university students

Digitalization of education plays an important role in the implementation of programs to train highly qualified personnel for the digital economy. The project “Digital departments”, implemented since 2022 at the intersection of additional education and information technologies within the framework of the national program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation”, creates a unique educational format, not only changing the organizational forms of training but also allowing the use of digital technologies as means of developing the vocational competencies of students. The article presents data on the first implementation results of the additional professional education program “Information technologies in design” at the “digital department” of Perm National Research Polytechnic University and aimed at training specialists in the field of industrial design. The digital technologies considered in the article act not only as tools in the operational activity of an industrial designer but also as means for the vocational development of special design thinking skills. The author’s teaching methods are of practical value for achieving the effect of “creativization” of design solutions developed by the program participants. It is proved that in such context, digital technologies contribute to the formation of students’ skills of creative actions carrying artistic, aesthetic, and economic value. The presented results may be of practical interest to heads of university design education, to teachers — researchers of the problems of digital transformation of engineering and graphic education, as well as methodologists and teachers­practitioners who provide training in the programs of higher and additional vocational education in the IT sphere.

Практики оценки благополучия детей-инвалидов и молодых инвалидов: опыт работы Центра дневной занятости «Дом под солнцем»

<p>The article summarizes the main practices of assessing the level of well-being of the wards of the Center for Day Employment — children with disabilities and young people with disabilities “House under the Sun”, created at the Charitable Foundation “Lifestyle” (Moscow) in 2021. The work of the Center is carried out on the basis of a modular approach, includes the interaction of various blocks aimed at creating conditions for productive social-cultural adaptation of children with various developmental disorders. The center serves 46 wards of different ages from 6 to 34 years old, including children living in families and receiving education in various educational organizations. The center works according to the author’s programs of additional education. An important component of the activity is the constant monitoring of the pedagogical and social effects of the implementation of programs.</p>

Социальное благополучие жителей Камчатского края в условиях санкций

The social well-being of the inhabitants of the Kamchatka Territory is evaluated, with a particular focus on changes in this parameter following the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions. It has been demonstrated that the inhabitants of Kamchatka were compelled to alter their lifestyle and reduce spending, due to a lack of familiar goods. It is evident that the most significant factor in the formation of uncertainty about the future among the inhabitants of Kamchatka is a decrease in the level of income. The active stance of the residents of the Kamchatka Territory in the face of sanctions is evidenced by their expressed intention to pursue additional education and to establish their own businesses.

БОЛОЧОК ХИМИЯ МУГАЛИМДЕРИНИН МЕТОДИКАЛЫК КОМПЕТЕНТТҮҮЛҮГҮН КАЛЫПТАНДЫРУУНУН ПРИНЦИПТЕРИ

The article examines the problems of developing the methodological competence of a chemistry teacher in a dynamically developing education system. The components of the subject competence of a chemistry teacher, the directions of their development, the structure and content of the directions of development of professional competence are analyzed: course training in the system of additional professional pedagogical education, self-educational activities. The issues of self-education and the formation of motivational and value components of the professional activity of a chemistry teacher are considered. In addition, the article examines the development of a chemistry teacher’s subject competence throughout his entire professional career, based on the unity of four components - self-forecasting, self-education, self-education and achievement motivation as the driving force of professional self-improvement. One of the key directions in the process of developing a teacher’s professional competence is self-education - systematic, purposeful independent cognitive activity to master psychological, pedagogical, subject and methodological knowledge. Self-education is determined by the personal, social and professional needs of the teacher, the desire to maximize one’s creative potential, the presence of achievement motivation and a value-based attitude towards one’s own professional activities.

МОСКВА МАМЛЕКЕТТИК ЛИНГВИСТИКАЛЫК УНИВЕРСИТЕТИНИН САНАРИПТИК ЧӨЙРӨСҮНДӨ КЫРГЫЗ ТИЛИН ЧЕТ ТИЛИ КАТАРЫНДА ОКУТУУ

The article studies the issue of teaching the languages of the CIS countries, including the Kyrgyz language, in the digital environment of the Moscow State Linguistic University as an important aspect of pedagogical science and practice of the CIS member states, which is associated with the growing interest in the languages and culture of the CIS countries. The issue of teaching Kyrgyz language as a foreign language in the digital environment of the university is considered in the context of a personal-activity approach aimed at developing the creative potential of students, taking into account interests and values in the general context. The pace of development of modern infrastructure technologies increases the demand for digital skills. Of course, this phenomenon has brought significant changes to the education system and opens up new opportunities. Kyrgyz is taught as a second foreign language, and general and additional education curricula are being developed.

Modifiable risk factors mediating the impact of educational inequality on heart failure: A Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a rapidly growing global disease burden with high mortality rates. We aimed to utilize mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the association between educational attainment (EA) and HF, and to evaluate the contribution of modifiable risk factors as mediators. MethodsWe applied a two-sample MR approach based on the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal relationship between EA and HF. Data collection was conducted in July 2023. We then conducted mediation analyses to explore whether body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mediate the effect of EA on HF, and utilized multivariable MR to estimate the proportion of mediation attributed to these factors. ResultsGenetically predicted 3.4 years of additional education was associated with a decrease in the risk of HF (OR 0.76 for each 3.4 years of schooling; 95% CI 0.72, 0.81). BMI, T2DM, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure mediated 40.82% (95% CI: 28.86%, 52.77%), 18.00% (95% CI: 12.10%, 23.90%), 11.60% (95% CI: 7.63%, 15.56%), and 7.80% (95% CI: 4.63%, 10.96%) of the EA-HF association, respectively. All risk factors combined were estimated to mediate 63.81% (95% CI: 45.91%, 81.71%) of the effect of EA on HF. ConclusionHigher EA has a protective effect against the risk of HF, and potential mechanisms may include regulation of BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Further research is needed to understand whether interventions targeting these factors could influence the association between EA and HF risk.

The effect of brochure-assisted education given before septorhinoplasty on surgical fear and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial.

This study is a randomized controlled interventional study aimed to determine the effect of preoperative brochure-assisted education on surgical fear and anxiety in patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty surgery. The study was conducted between May 2022 and February 2023 in the Otorhinolaryngology services and clinics of a training and research hospital in the southern region of Turkey. The study included 61 patients, with 29 in the education group and 32 in the control group. All patients received routine nursing care before surgery, with the education group receiving additional education through an informative brochure. The data were collected using the "Personal Information Form", "Surgical Fear Questionnaire", and "Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire". There was no significant difference in the mean scores of surgical fear between the groups on the morning of the surgery (p > 0.05). However, a significant difference was found in the mean scores of surgical anxiety between the groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, patients in the education group who received preoperative brochure-assisted education had lower anxiety compared with the control group.