In the pile foundation construction of highway bridge, the impact hammer falls from a certain height, which produces a great impact when it collides with soil. In order to gain a clear idea of force characteristics of buried pipeline under impact load caused by bridge pile foundation construction, the effect of construction impacting load on buried pipeline is analyzed theoretically. Firstly, taking advantage of Boussinesq solution and Mindlin solution, the distribution of additional load on the surface of pipeline under impact load is analyzed, and the transmission and diffusion of impact force in soil are calculated by elastic half-space theory. Secondly, the mechanical models of buried pipeline under surface impacting and pile hole impacting are established respectively. Combined with Boussinesq equation, Mindlin calculation and infinite beam elastic foundation model, the calculation formula of buried pipeline under impact load is obtained. Finally, according to the formula established above, an example is given to calculate the additional bending moments and axial tension and compression stresses of buried pipeline caused by bridge pile foundation construction, so as to estimate the effect of construction impacting load on buried pipeline. The research results provide some guidance for the stress analysis of buried pipelines under such construction conditions.