Addition Of Titanium Carbide Research Articles

Microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of TiC particulate reinforced 2Cr13 steel by in situ reaction and electroslag remelting

Microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of titanium carbide (TiC) reinforced 2Cr13 steels prepared by in situ reaction and electroslag remelting (ESR) have been investigated. Experimental results show that the technique of ESR can be used as a preferred new process to solve poor castability of 2Cr13 reinforced with TiC synthesised by in situ reaction. Applying the ESR process results in more fine TiC particles distributed uniformly. For the base alloy 2Cr13, addition of TiC causes the increase in both yield and ultimate strengths, but slight decrease in ductility and great decrease in the impact toughness. However, the impact toughness of TiC reinforced 2Cr13 can be improved through the ESR. TiC addition to the matrix 2Cr13 results in a significant improvement on wear resistance, and the wear resistance can be further improved through the ESR process.

Effect of Ti and C additions on structural and magnetic properties of (Pr,Nd)–Fe–B nanocrystalline magnetic materials

Effects of titanium carbide (TiC) addition on structural and magnetic properties of isotropic (Pr,Nd)–Fe-B nanocrystalline magnetic materials have been investigated. In this work, we investigate the effect of TiC addition on a (Pr,Nd)-poor and B-rich composition, as well as on a B-poor and (Nd,Pr)-rich composition. Rapidly solidified (Pr,Nd)–Fe–B alloys were prepared by melt-spinning. The compositions studied were (Pr 1− x Nd x ) 4Fe 78B 18 ( x=0, 0.5, and 1) with addition of 3 at% TiC. Unlike the (Pr x Nd 1− x ) 9.5Fe 84.5B 6 materials that present excellent values for coercive field and energy product, the (Pr,Nd)-poor and B-rich composition alloys with TiC addition present lower values. Rietveld analysis of X-ray data and Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed that samples are predominantly composed of Fe 3B and α-Fe. For the RE-rich compositions (Pr x Nd 1− x ) 9.5Fe 84.5B 6 ( x=0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) with the addition of 3 at% TiC, the highest coercive field and energy product (8.4 kOe and 14.4 MGOe, respectively) were obtained for the composition Pr 9.5Fe 84.5B 6.

Enhancing strength of high-porous cordierite ceramics by mechanochemical activation of the charge

Effects of a preliminary mechanochemical activation of a cordierite charge prepared from of natural raw materials on the strength of high-porosity articles obtained by the method of polymeric-matrix duplication have been studied. It has been shown by the methods of differential thermal analysis, electron-microprobe analysis, and infrared spectroscopy that in an aqueous medium with additives of Trilon B the beginning of the synthesis of cordierite can be fixed already in the course of mechanical activation and that during dry processing using titanium carbide the first to be formed is rutile, which reacts with the kaolinite. It is shown that the introduction of Trilon B upon the activation of the charge in an aqueous medium ensures a steady increase in strength with a satisfactory quality of the cordierite produced and that the addition of titanium carbide intensifies the process of the cordierite synthesis and ensures a considerable growth of the strength of the highly porous permeable cordierite ceramics.

Effect of titanium carbide particle addition on the densification behavior of sintered P/M high strength steel preforms during cold upset forming

Experimental investigation has been carried out to evaluate the effect of titanium carbide addition on the composite steel preforms. The cold upsetting of the composite steel preforms with varying TiC contents, namely, 3% and 4%, and different aspect ratios, namely, 0.42, 0.67 and 1.0, and lubricating conditions namely, nil lubricant, graphite and zinc stearate lubricants, was carried out using 100 tonnes capacity Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and the deformation behavior of the same was determined. The influence of TiC addition, in the steel composite, on the percent theoretical density attained, axial stress and Poisson's ratio were studied. The effect of initial preform geometry and lubricating conditions on the densification and deformation behavior have been studied.

(Pr,Nd)–Fe–B nanocrystalline magnetic materials with TiC additions

The effect of titanium carbide (TiC) addition and Pr substitution in nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B based magnetic materials has been investigated. Rapidly solidified (Pr,Nd)-Fe-B alloys were prepared by melt spinning. The compositions studied were (PrxNd1−x)9.5Fe84.5B6 (x=0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) with the addition of 3at.% TiC. Varying the wheel speed from 15to30m∕s, the best magnetic properties were found for samples prepared at 20m∕s. All samples were nanocrystalline in the as-cast state. The average coercive field ranged from 10.0to12.6kOe and energy product from 7.8to9.0MGOe. The improvement in the coercive field compared to similar Nd based alloys was about 30%. Rietveld analysis of x-ray data for the Pr9.5Fe84.5B6 sample revealed that this material consists of approximately 70wt.% of 2:14:1 phase and 30wt.% of α-Fe. This result was confirmed by Mössbauer data analysis and is in agreement with compositions expected from the ternary phase diagram.

Sintering Behavior of Alumina-Niobium Carbide Ceramics from Polymer-Filler Mixtures

Studies have been developed in the literature to obtain alternative ceramic cutting tools with better properties as tungsten carbide and silicon nitride. Results have showed that the addition of titanium carbide, tungsten carbide or niobium carbide has improved the wear resistance and hardness of alumina. This work presents a study about preparation and characterization of an alumina reinforced with niobium carbide. The composite material is produced using polymer-filler mixtures. Samples with 60 wt.% polysiloxane and a mixture of 40 wt.% of niobium and alumina powder were mixed, uniaxially pressed at 200°C and sintered in flowing argon at 1200°, 1400° and 1600°C. The composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), density measurements, fracture strength and microstructural analysis. The 60 wt% polymer + 40 wt% Nb showed the presence of new crystalline phases such as NbC, Nb 5 Si 3 and Nb 3 Si.

The Effects of Slider Material on the Gasification of Carbon

The influence of alumina and titanium carbide, components of magnetic recording sliders, on the carbon gasification reaction was investigated. Pure alumina and titanium carbide powders were each combined with graphite powder and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The molar ratio ranged from 0 to 20 mol percent; graphite powder was the balance. From the thermogravimetric analysis, the activation energy Ea of the reactions was determined. It was found that the activation energy for carbon gasification reduced slightly for increasing alumina mole percentage. Titanium carbide additions markedly increased the activation energy. This increase indicates a competitive oxidation reaction that forms titanium oxide, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). As a result of these observations, titanium oxide was also mixed with graphite powders and analyzed by TGA. Titanium oxide has an activation energy behavior that becomes more complex with increasing mole percentage: the activation energy first increases and then decreases. These data are presented and the oxidation reaction is proposed.

Sintering of co-reduced tungsten-copper powders with added transition elements

EDM has been used extensively in the tool and die industry. The materials normally used in EDM electrodes are various types of copper, graphite, tungsten, brass and silver. Copper–tungsten (Cu–W) electrodes have been used widely to machine die steel and tungsten carbide work-pieces owing to the high thermal conductivity of Cu, and the better spark erosion resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and high melting temperature of W. TiC is an extremely hard refractory material with a high melting temperature, and high thermal shock and abrasion resistance. The effect of the titanium carbide (TiC) in sintered copper–tungsten (Cu–W) electrodes on their EDM performance was investigated. Six batches of specimens with TiC content varying from 5 to 40% were fabricated by mixing, ball milling, pressing, and liquid phase sintering. The densification was improved by the addition of Nickel (Ni) due to the good solubility of Ni with Cu and W. The distribution of particle size became narrower with increasing TiC. A uniform dispersion of fine TiC particles in the Cu–W system and a narrower particle size distribution provide the possibility for obtaining dense electrodes. The relative density first increased and then decreased with increasing TiC while the electrical resistivity correspondingly first decreased and then increased. The tool material with added TiC showed good performance. The surface roughness decreased with the increase of relative density and vice versa. The highest relative density, lowest electrical resistivity, and best EDM could be obtained by 15% TiC addition, i.e. the lowest TWR, highest MRR and best surface finish.

EDM performance of TiC/copper-based sintered electrodes

This paper presents a study of the effect of titanium carbide (TiC) on the performance of sintered copper-based materials as electrical discharge machining (EDM) electrodes. The aim of this study was to provide a preliminary evaluation of EDM electrodes fabricated by laser-based sintering using rapid prototyping technology (RP). Six batches of titanium carbide with content from 5% to 45% were fabricated by mixing, ball milling, pressing, and liquid phase sintering with copper-tungsten (Cu–W) and copper (Cu), respectively. The performance of the newly formed material is compared with commercial electrodes. The densification of TiC/Cu–W system was improved by the addition of nickel (Ni), as Ni shows good solubility in both Cu and W. The distribution of particle size becomes narrow as the proportion of TiC is increased. A uniform dispersion of small TiC particles in the Cu–W system and a narrow particle size distribution provide the possibility of obtaining dense electrodes. With increasing TiC, the relative density first increased and then decreased, whereas the electrical resistivity first decreased and then increased. EDM electrodes, with the addition of TiC, show good performance in surface finishing. This is an important characteristic as RP-sintered EDM electrodes are expected to be used as finishing electrodes. The surface roughness of most specimens is less than those machined using commercial electrodes. Electrodes with 15% TiC show the highest relative density, lowest electrical resistivity, and good EDM performance, i.e. lowest tool wear ratio (TWR) and highest material removal rate (MRR) at low current, and the best surface finish not only at low current, but also at high current.

Effect of TiC in copper–tungsten electrodes on EDM performance

EDM has been used extensively in the tool and die industry. The materials normally used in EDM electrodes are various types of copper, graphite, tungsten, brass and silver. Copper–tungsten (Cu–W) electrodes have been used widely to machine die steel and tungsten carbide work-pieces owing to the high thermal conductivity of Cu, and the better spark erosion resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and high melting temperature of W. TiC is an extremely hard refractory material with a high melting temperature, and high thermal shock and abrasion resistance. The effect of the titanium carbide (TiC) in sintered copper–tungsten (Cu–W) electrodes on their EDM performance was investigated. Six batches of specimens with TiC content varying from 5 to 40% were fabricated by mixing, ball milling, pressing, and liquid phase sintering. The densification was improved by the addition of Nickel (Ni) due to the good solubility of Ni with Cu and W. The distribution of particle size became narrower with increasing TiC. A uniform dispersion of fine TiC particles in the Cu–W system and a narrower particle size distribution provide the possibility for obtaining dense electrodes. The relative density first increased and then decreased with increasing TiC while the electrical resistivity correspondingly first decreased and then increased. The tool material with added TiC showed good performance. The surface roughness decreased with the increase of relative density and vice versa. The highest relative density, lowest electrical resistivity, and best EDM could be obtained by 15% TiC addition, i.e. the lowest TWR, highest MRR and best surface finish.

Effect of titanium carbide addition on the thermoelectric properties of B 4C ceramics

TiB 2/B 4C composite ceramics are prepared via hot pressing, in which the TiB 2 particles are formed by introducing TiC 0.78 and through the reaction between B 4C and TiC 0.78. The electrical and thermal conductivities and Seebeck coefficient of samples containing 0, 12.5 and 25.4 vol% TiB 2 are measured from room temperature up to 1200 K. The results show that the transport properties of the samples vary with the TiB 2 content. The transport properties of a 12.5 vol% TiB 2/B 4C sample are dominated by the B 4C matrix as in undoped B 4C ceramics, whilst the transport properties of a 25.4 vol% TiB 2/B 4C sample are dominated by TiB 2 particles. The figure of merit of the 25.4 vol% TiB 2/B 4C sample is higher than that of the undoped B 4C ceramic sample between room temperature and about 700 K, which indicates that it is possible to improve the thermoelectric properties by selecting an optimum combination of different materials.

Properties of plasma-sprayed coatings treated by laser radiation

The effect of laser treatment on the properties of plasma coatings made from the self-fluxing alloy PGSR-3 with additions of titanium carbide, heat-resistant Ni−Cr−Al−Y alloy, and clad Ni−Al powders was investigated. Laser treatment increased the adherence of the coating to the substrate, density of the surface layers, and promoted the formation of structures with a uniform distribution of alloying elements.

Influence of Titanium Carbide on Properties of Aluminothermic Mixture

Influence of different additives on chemical composition and mechanical characteristics of steel castings obtained by aluminothermic reaction has been investigated. A simple and fast production of titanium carbide (TiC) from carbon and titanium powders by self-propagating high temperature synthesis have been explained. Effects of added amounts of TiC to the aluminothermic mixture of constant initial composition on increased hardness and tensile strength of steel castings has been investigated. Smaller particle size and increased hardness of steel castings are obtained by addition of TiC in a limited concentration range.

Abrasion resistance of in situ Fe-TiC composites

Metal matrix composites containing a high volume fraction of carbide, nitride, boride, and/or oxide particles are frequently the materials of choice for applications which require high wear resistance. It is the very hard second phase particles which imbue the metal matrix composite with its superior wear resistance. For example, additions of titanium carbide (TiC), one of the hardest of the carbides with a Vickers hardness of 19.6--31.4 GPa, can be used to improve the abrasion resistance of iron alloys. In the present study in situ metal matrix composites, containing between 23 and 31 volume percent carbides, were produced from Fe-Ti-C and Fe-Cr-Ti-C melts, and their abrasion resistance was compared with that of unreinforced Fe and a white cast iron using a high-stress pin abrasion test.

High speed steel composites with additions of titanium carbide and nitride : M.M. Oliviera, J.D. Bolton (University of Bradford, Bradford, UK)

High speed steel composites with additions of titanium carbide and nitride : M.M. Oliviera, J.D. Bolton (University of Bradford, Bradford, UK)

Laser treatment of sintered TiC-steel alloys

1. Laser treatment of TiC-5Kh6VM2 steel alloys leads to a significant increase in hardness in the zone of laser action. The maximum effect of laser hardening is obtained for alloys containing up to 30% TiC. 2. The addition of titanium carbide to the steel leads to an increase in the depth of the zone of laser action as the result of a change in the character of heat dissipation. 3. The increase in hardness of the alloy with 10% TiC is caused by the significant redistribution of the carbide phase, the increase in its degree of dispersion, and additional alloying of the steel binder. 4. After laser treatment of alloys containing 10% TiC their relative wear resistance e is four to five times higher than after through oil hardening. The e of the alloy with 10% TiC is also higher than the e of alloys with a higher TiC content. 5. The tendency toward crack formation of alloys with titanium carbide limits its content to 10%.

Structure and properties of powders of some composite materials based on wurtzite boron nitride

Addition of titanium carbide and zinc or aluminum oxide to a granulating blend of wurtzite boron nitride produces a low-strength sintered mass which disintegrates easily along the BN granule boundaries under mechanical action, ensuring the production of granules of a given grain size.

ＷＣ‐（ＴａＣ，ＴｉＣ）‐Ｃｏ超硬合金の短時間曲げクリープ破壊強度

The effect of tantalum carbide or titanium carbide addition on the short-time creep-rupture strength of WC-Co alloy was studied at 700-900°C in relation to the carbon content, carbide grain size and the domain (or grain) size of binder phase of the alloy.The results are as follows. At temperatures above about 800°C, the creep-rupture strength of tantalum carbide and/or titanium carbide contained alloys increased with increasing amount of those carbides. The observed increase in the creep-rupture strength of tantalum carbide contained alloy was found to be mainly due to the increased domain size, and that of titanium carbide contained alloy, due to the effect of increased strength of carbide skelton in addition to the increased domain size.

Effect of titanium carbide additions on the milling, pressing, and sintering of tungsten-molybdenum-vanadium steel powder

1. A study was made of the milling of high-speed steel swarf with a titanium carbide addition and of the production of dense blanks from the resultant composite powders. 2. It is shown that titanium carbide additions intensify the comminution of high-speed steel swarf and result in the formation of structures with evenly distributed fine (2.0–2.5 μ) carbide grains. 3. The addition of titanium carbide raises the hardness of high-speed steel from 62 to 68 HRC.

Effects of particle size on the sintering of titanium diboride powder containing a 20 % titanium carbide addition

Effects of particle size on the sintering of titanium diboride powder containing a 20 % titanium carbide addition