Addition Of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Research Articles

Study on preparation and associative properties of fluorinated hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide

This paper describes the preparation of a novel fluorinated surface-active monomer (FSM) based on isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dodecafluoroheptanol (FOH) and allyl polyethylene glycol (APEG1000) and its copolymer (FAPAM) with 2-acrylamido -2- methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (AM) through a new micellar system. The chemical structures of FSM-1 and FSM were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The hydrophobically associative behaviors of FAPAM as well as the relationship between the content of monomers and hydrophobically associative properties were studied by a combination of viscosimetry, rheological measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The influences of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) on associative properties of FAPAM were also studied. The results showed that the micellar copolymerization of AM, AMPS and polymerizable fluorinated surfactant FSM can be favorably realized. The hydrophobically associative properties of FAPAM were affected by the content of FSM and AMPS. The incorporation of FSM endowed the copolymer with both stronger salt and heat resistance. SDBS with low concentration (below the CMC of SDBS) was good for associative properties of FAPAM under CAC (critical association concentration). When the FAPAM was above its CAC, the addition of SDBS into the solution was adverse to their associative properties of FAPAM.

Enzymatic polymerization of phenol catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase in aqueous micelle system

Enzymatic polymerization of phenol catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been carried out in aqueous micelle system using sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant. The addition of SDBS to buffer greatly enhances the polymer yield. With a usage of SDBS over 0.4g for 5mmol of phenol monomer, the polymer could be obtained almost quantitatively. The number-molecular weight of the THF-soluble part determined by GPC is increased from 1100 to 2000 with increasing the dosage of SDBS. The phenol polymerization maintains high yields in aqueous micelle system over a wide pH range from 4 to 10. The activity of enzyme in buffer is so high that the phenol polymerization in aqueous micelle system could be completed only in 2h with high yield. The resulting polymer is a kind of powdery material, which is partly soluble in DMF, DMSO and THF. IR analysis showed that the polymer structure contained a mixture of phenylene and oxyphenylene units. From TG analysis, the polymer was found to possess high thermal stability.

Wettability of Fly Ashes from Four Coal-Fired Power Plants in China

Wet flue gas desulfurization, heterogeneous condensation, and chemical agglomeration have been reported to be promising methods for controlling fine particulate matter (PM) from coal combustion flue gas. The effectiveness of these processes is affected by the wettability of the fly ash particles. A novel method based on the flotation mechanism using a laser particle size analyzer was used to measure the wettability of fly ash particles in water, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), and Triton X-100 (TX100) solutions. Fly ash samples were collected from four coal-fired power plants in China [Xuanwei (XW), Jungar (JG), Xiaolongtan (XLT), and Yangzonghai (YZH)], representing high-silicon, high-aluminum, high-calcium, and high-iron fly ashes, respectively. The particle size distributions, surface areas, zeta (ζ) potentials, densities, chemical compositions, mineral compositions, and morphologies of the fly ash samples were investigated as well. PM0.1 and PM10+ were readily wetted in water, but most particles within the 1–10-μm range exhibited lower wettabilities. The wettability of fly ashes in water is related to other physical or chemical characteristics and follows the trend YZH > XLT > XW > JG. For YZH fly ash, PM0.1 and PM1+ can be completely wetted in water. For XW, JG, and XLT fly ashes, only PM0.1 and PM10+ can be wetted completely in water. Addition of SDBS or TX100 promoted most wetting processes, and the promotional effect is also related to other characteristics of fly ash particles such as surface roughness, surface area, and ζ potential.

Superior Graphene for Hydrogen Adsorption Prepared by the Improved Liquid Oxidation-Reduction Method

Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared from liquid oxidation based on Hummers method and the graphene was then prepared using sodium borohydride to reduce the exfoliated graphite oxide by ultrasonication during which moderate sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was added into the suspension to reduce the agglomeration among the graphene layers and to obtain a stable graphene suspension. The as-prepared graphene was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). XRD results show that the crystal structures are different among graphite, graphite oxide, and graphene. SEM and TEM images show that graphene possesses a gridding structure, a smooth surface, and few defects. AFM analysis indicates that the thickness of the single layer graphene is about 1.3 nm while there are still a few double layers in the sample. The BET specific surface area of the graphene was about 1206 m 2 ·g - 1 and its H2 adsorption properties were investigated under high pressure. The samples prepared by liquid oxidation-reduction were compared with that prepared by the improved liquid oxidation-reduction method, which indicates that the addition of SDBS effectively reduces agglomeration among the graphene layers and this generates high quality graphene. The adsorption capacities of H2 on graphene at 25 and 55 °C reached 1.7%(w) and 1.1%(w), respectively, which are much higher than that reported previously. (Article)

Synthesis and solution properties of temperature‐sensitive copolymers based on NIPAM

AbstractA kind of temperature‐sensitive water‐soluble polymers P(NIPAM‐HEMA‐AM) of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylamide (AM) were synthesized by free radical aqueous solution copolymerization. The polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) method. Solution properties, such as the influences of monomer ratios and additives on the low critical soluble temperature (LCST) of the polymer solutions as well as the viscosity‐temperature properties were studied. The results show that the polymer concentrations have no significant influence on the LCST of polymer solutions. The incorporation of HEMA units leads to a lower LCST, while AM units to a higher LCST. The additions of small molecules such as salt and surfactant also have significant effect on the LCST, the addition of NaCl decreases the LCST, while the addition of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) increases the LCST. The apparent viscosity of polymer solutions depends on temperature. The 1.5 wt % aqueous solutions of P(NIPAM‐HEMA‐AM) exhibits good thermo‐thickening behavior over 55°C, whereas the 0.8 wt % aqueous solutions do not show this behavior during the heating process. The aqueous solutions of P(NIPAM‐HEMA‐AM) are viscoelastic fluids, and the viscoelasticities mainly depend on temperature. Both the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') of 1.5 wt % polymer solutions increase with temperature. Over 55°C, G' exceeds G'', and the polymer solutions are elasticity‐dominated. In contrast, below 55°C, G'' is larger than G', and the polymer solutions are viscosity‐dominated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Photoluminescence and optical characterization of CdS nanoparticles prepared by solid-state method at low temperature

The photoluminescence (PL) and optical properties of CdS nanoparticles prepared by the solid-state method at low temperature have been discussed. The effects of NaCl and anionic surfactant SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) on the luminescent properties of CdS nanophosphors prepared using this method, without the inert gas or the H2S environment, were studied separately. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). UV–VIS absorption and PL spectra were also studied. XRD studies confirmed the single-phase formation of CdS nanoparticles. TEM micrograph revealed the formation of nearly spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 2.5 nm. The PL emission for the CdS shows the main peak at 560 nm with a shoulder at 624 nm, with an increase in the PL intensity after the addition of SDBS. The effect of Mn doping on PL intensity has also been investigated. The PL spectra show that the emission intensity decreases as the dopant concentration increases.

Synthesis and characterization of polymer–nanoclay conductive nanocomposites

AbstractPolymer–clay nanocomposites based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT) : PSS and nanoclay montmorillonite were synthesized and characterized. The doping of PEDOT with polystyrene sulfonate made it water dispersible (PEDOT–PSS). Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and ionic liquid were used to increase the interlayer spacing and the conductivity of the nanocomposites, respectively. The nanocomposite was characterized by various techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, surface resistivity, and thermogravimetric measurement analysis. Interlayer spacing increased as a result of the addition of SDBS, and this was confirmed by the 2θ shift observed via XRD analysis. The surface morphology of the conductive coated clay was examined by TEM analysis. Good electrical surface conductivity, interlayer spacing, and polymer coating were observed for the material prepared using the surfactant and conductive ionic liquid. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

A Novel Thermothickening Aqueous System Prepared from Hydrophobically-Modified Acrylamide Copolymer, Poly(N-isopropylacryl-amide) and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate and Its Mechanism Studies

A new thermothickening aqueous system was presented based on mixtures of hydrophobically-modified acrylamide copolymer (HMPAM), poly(N-isopropylacryl-amide) (PNIPAM) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). Unique in the thermothickening system, a maximum viscosity and the temperature (T max) when reaching such viscocity change independently, reflects the presence of intermolecular interactions. The T max of the new system suggests that its thermothickening behavior is correlated to the cloud point temperature (T c) of PNIPAM, which can be easily adjusted to desired values by the addition of SDBS. The experimental data also indicate that the temperature between the rheological transition temperature (T t) and T max in HMPAM+PNIPAM+SDBS is within the range of 35–65°C, and the thermothickening behavior originates from the reinforcement of the association network between HMPAM, PNIPAM and SDBS. Consequently, the viscosity over the corresponding thermosensitive range upon cooling is higher than that upon heating.

Effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on subtilisin Carlsberg proteolysis of an immobilized ovalbumin film

Enzymatic degradation of immobilized ovalbumin multilayer films by subtilisin Carlsberg was investigated using in situ ellipsometry. Changes in the substrate cleavage rate in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), were assessed. Exposure of the protein film to SDBS prior to introduction of the enzyme increased the measured proteolysis rate threefold. Surfactant increased the measured film thickness, absorbing into the protein film and causing swelling. Surfactant-induced film swelling was reversible upon aqueous rinsing. Nevertheless, exposure of enzyme to the surfactant-rinsed film increased the proteolysis rate, most likely due to irreversible conformational changes induced in the substrate film by the surfactant. Simultaneous addition of SDBS with enzyme after the initial surfactant exposure did not produce additional protein-removal benefit.

Preparation and shape control of β-Ni(OH)2 nano-particle

Abstract A simple and convenient method for the preparation of needle-shape nanoparticles of β-Ni(OH)2 has been developed. Results show that a needle-shaped β-Ni(OH)2 can be easily obtained in the presence of ethylenediamine and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate within a size from 100 to 200 nm. The shape and structure of the product were characterized by XRD, TEM and FT-IR. It is noteworthy that the formation of needle-shape β-Ni(OH)2 benefits from the addition of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The optimum preparation conditions and the possible mechanism are also discussed.

Detergency of Electrolysis Water in Laundering

The detergency of electrolysis water in laundering was studied. First, contact angle with cellophane and PET films was measured. In both films, the contact angle decreased with increasies in the pH of electrolysis water. Electrolysis water of pH 11 was absorbed nearly completely by cellophane in 30 minutes. In addition, various kinds of water were examined for water absorption by fabrics. The absorption rate of electrolysis water of pH 11 was more rapid than other kinds of water. It was found to possess very high permeability into the fabrics.Artificial soiled fabrics were laundered in various kinds of water. The result revealed that electrolysis water of pH 11 showed high detergent efficiency for such hydrophilic materials such as cotton, silk, and wool that were artificial soiled fabrics. Furthermore, when sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, a surfactant, was added to launder them, detergent efficiency was further improved by the addition of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Surfactant decomposition by active oxygen formed was not inferred to take place much in laundering in electrolysis water from this finding. In addition, a test was performed to examine soil redeposition in cotton and polyester fabrics with water-soluble and oil-soluble soil. It was found difficult to redeposit soil in them when laundering them in electrolysis water of pH 11. However, although the cotton and polyester fabrics were not found much damaged after laundering, the wool fabric was observed to be damaged when electrolysis water (pH = 11) was used. The extent of damage was about the same as that found when a sodium hydroxide solution (pH = 11) was used instead.

Effect of Surfactants at Low Concentrations on the Sorption of Atrazine by Natural Sediment

A series of experiments were carried out to determine the effect of surfactants at low concentrations on the sorption of atrazine by natural sediments. With surfactant concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mg/ L, anionic and cationic surfactants appreciably reduce the adsorption of atrazine, while nonionic surfactant decreases the adsorption of atrazine at concentrations equal to or less than 1 mg/L and increases adsorption at higher concentrations. Desorption of atrazine in the presence of different sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) concentrations shows that a portion of the bound pesticide resists desorption in the SDBS free system. However, the addition of SDBS accelerates the desorption of atrazine. Furthermore, the nature of sediment and the contacting sequence of SDBS, at 10 mg/L, with the sediment, also influence the adsorption of atrazine. The conclusions in this study could be explained partially by the effect of the type and concentration of surfactants and the characteristics of sediments.

Aqueous chemical reduction synthesis of Bi 2Te 3 nanowires with surfactant assistance

Nanostructured materials are of great interest for improving the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials. Single crystalline Bi 2Te 3 nanowires were prepared by aqueous chemical synthesis at 65 °C using Te as the reactant and sodium-dodecyl-benzene-sulfonate (SDBS) as the surfactant. The products obtained by parallel experiments without the addition of SDBS or using Na 2TeO 3 as the Te-precursor are very fine nanoparticles without nanowires. It is suggested that the directional effect of SDBS and the dissolving of the amorphous tellurium colloids would be two necessary conditions for the growth of Bi 2Te 3 nanowires in an aqueous chemical route.

Mechanism of Micelle to Vesicle Transition in Cationic−Anionic Surfactant Mixtures

The present paper investigates the cationic−anionic surfactant mixtures with a view to understand the role of polar head packing in bringing about a vesicle to micelle transition. Differences in behavior between addition of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to cetyltrimethylammonium-p-toluenesulfonate (CTAPTS) solutions are investigated by NMR and molecular modeling techniques. It is concluded that the complex formed between SDS and CTAPTS is more tightly bound than that between SDBS and CTAPTS, leading to precipitation rather than vesicle formation in the latter case. Molecular modeling shows that the SDBS chain has a bend in the molecule, and this facilitates loose packing of the complex neccessary for the formation of vesicles.

Prevention of adsorption of .ALPHA.,.BETA.,.GAMMA.,.DELTA.-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphine and its cadmium(II) chelate on a glassware surface.

Complexation of cadmium(II) with α, β, γ, δ-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphine (TMPyP) was examined in a micellar solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDS). Although complexation in the absence of SDS quantitatively occurs within 5 min in the pH range 9 to 11.5, TMPyP and its cadmium(II) chelate in a basic solution give rise to adsorption on glassware surface, thus resulting in large errors in the determination of cadmium(II). The adsorption of TMPyP and its chelate was prevented by addition of SDS after complete complexation. When SDS was added before complexation, 40 h were required for full color development. The concentration of SDS should be higher than the critical micelle concentration (1 × 10-3 mol dm-3). SDS was also effective in preventing adsorption of other TMPyP chelates, such as lead(II), zinc(II) and copper(II), on the surface of glassware.

Studies on Removal of Fatty Acid Soil from Cotton Fabrics

The present paper described the studies on removal of fatty acids from cotton fabrics by alkaline builders. Cotton fabrics were soiled with the fatty acid mixture, which contained equal amounts of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid in benzene solution. Fatty acids adhered to cotton fabrics were determined by GLC method after extraction with ethyl ether. Fatty acids were effectively removed by alkaline builders alone, but addition of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) did not increased the efficiency of removal.Removal of fatty acids was compared at two different temperatures, 25°C and 50°C. They were removed much easier at 50°C than at 25°C. This was considered to be due to the difference in the state of fatty acid mixture at the two temperatures, because the melting point of the fatty acid mixture was measured as to be 40.8°C.Each fatty acid component was removed from cotton fabrics in the order of, C12>C14>C18 : 1>C16≥C18, at 25°C. On the other hand, at 50°C, the order was C12>C14>C16≥C18>C18 : 1. This concluded that a shorter chain fatty acid was removed easier than long chain fatty acids.