Addition Of SiO2 Nanoparticles Research Articles

Ionic liquid mediated nano-composite polymer gel electrolyte for rechargeable battery application

ABSTRACT Nano-composite polymer gel electrolytes (NPGEs) based on polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) PVdF-HFP, ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide BMIMTFSI, Li-salt along with the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized by various techniques. Prepared NPGEs show high room temperature ionic conductivity (~10−3 S/cm) and have a wide electrochemical window (ECW) (~3.3–3.5 V). The galvanostatic charge/discharge profile was studied by sandwiching best performing NPGEs between a LiFePO4 cathode and lithium metal anode. The specific discharge capacity of the cell (Li/NPGE/LiFePO4) room temperature at 0.1C rate is found to be 138 mAh/g.

Tribological analysis of the neem oil during the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles at different loads

The pollution in the environment with the use of petroleum products is increasing at a faster rate. To overcome this problem, there is a need to search for an alternative. This study proposed neem oil as an alternative for tribological applications. This study involves silicon dioxide nanoparticles for the improvement of the lubricity of the oil. The process is accomplished on the DUCOM tribometer at various loads. The minimum coefficient of friction was obtained when nanoparticles are added up to 0.3 percent. During higher amount of nanoparticles addition, more wear of the disc occurs. At 0.3 percentage of nanoparticles, improved results in terms of wear of the parts have been observed with comparison to the raw neem oil.

Cassia javanica biodiesel blends with SiO2 nanoparticles for IC Engine applications

Crude oil production and its resources have been restricted today due to its depletion and consumption rate. Biodiesel involves less production cost, environmentally friendly, renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable. In this examination, a novel source likes Cassia javanica has been used as a feedstock for biodiesel utilizing the transesterification process. The impacts in biodiesel on exhaust gas emissions vary depending on the type of biodiesel and petrodiesel. Blends of biodiesel up to 20% mixed with petrodiesel fuels have been be used in all diesel engines and is more easily storage and distribution tools. The purpose of the current study investigates the analysis of biodiesel and their blends with diesel oil in four-stroke ICE applications like unburned hydrocarbons, sulfates, particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrated aromatic hydrocarbons. It ended that Cassia javanica methyl ester biodiesel blend (B20) with the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles exhibits a better engine performance and emission reduced compared to fossil fuels. Cassia javanica methyl ester can use directly in diesel engines without requiring extensive engine changes.

The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles addition on lubrication properties of 10W-40 engine oil.

Proper lubrication of mechanical parts in the car engines shall minimize the wear of friction pair and thus to ensure long lifetime. Another goal of the lubrication is to decrease coefficient of friction and thereby reduce energy losses. Many publications are devoted to nanoparticle addition into simple oil (e.g. paraffin) but there is only limited attention to more complex lubricants as synthetic oils. In addition, there is paid very little attention to the stability of resulting suspensions. Present paper deals with the effect of different ways of SiO2 NPs addition into the advanced synthetic oil on the wear ratio of friction pair using ball-on-disc tribological test.

Influence of selective distribution of SiO2 nanoparticles on shape memory behavior of co-continuous PLA/NR/SiO2 TPVs

As a kind of commercial thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) have been widely used in many fields. In this work, a shape memory polymer (SMP) was fabricated based on co-continuous polylactide (PLA)/natural rubber (NR)/silica (SiO2) TPVs. Selective distribution of SiO2 nanoparticles was achieved with the impact of thermodynamic factor and different processing methods, and the influence on shape memory behavior was investigated as well. The results demonstrated that the co-continuous structure functioned actively in both shape fixity and recovery. The PLA phase played the role of “switch” to control the shape memory behavior, while the deformation of continuous rubber network stored sufficient resilience and successfully drove the shape recovery process. Excellent shape fixing ratio (~100%) and shape recovery ratio (>90%) were obtained when SiO2 nanoparticles were distributed in NR phase. The addition of SiO2 nanoparticles reinforced the rubber phase and the recovery ratio was effectively improved.

Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane (PSF/PVP/SiO2) and performance evaluation for the removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solutions

Abstract The presence of antibiotics in drinking water sources indicates the inefficiency of their removal using common water treatment process. Removal of these micro-pollutants from water requires more advanced and efficient processes. The purpose of this study was to synthesize a nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane (Polysulfone/Polyvinylpyrrolidone/SiO2) and to evaluate for removal of amoxicillin from aqueous media. Ultrafiltration membranes were synthesized using phase inversion method. SiO2 nanoparticles ( ∼ 10-20 nm) were used in the range of 0 to 4 wt% as a hydrophilic agent for membrane modification. The characterizations of the membranes were determined using FTIR, water contact angle, AFM and SEM techniques. Also, the performance of synthesized membranes was evaluated in terms of pure water flux, amoxicillin separation efficiency and fouling parameters analysis. The results of FTIR analysis and contact angle measurement indicated that the hydrophilicity of nanocomposite membranes has increased significantly due to the presence of hydroxyl group in SiO 2 structure. The results of AFM images also showed that with increasing the addition of nanoparticles, the average surface roughness of the synthesized membranes increased negligibly. Also, FE-SEM micrographs showed that with increasing SiO2 concentration, the porous structure of the membranes changes from a spongiform and tear-like to a canal-shaped, finger-shaped and macro-void structures. This change in the structure increased the porosity and then the membrane flux, so that the pure water flux was 6.6 L/m2.h for the unmodified membrane to 42.28 L/m2.h for the membrane with 3 wt% of nanoparticles. The evaluation of membrane performance showed that with increasing SiO2 nanoparticles from 0 to 4 wt%, the amoxicillin separation performance increased from 66.52% to 89.81%. In addition, the analysis of the membrane fouling parameters showed that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles also improved the membrane resistance against fouling, so that the relative flux reduction ratio (RFR) from 57.03% ( R r e v e r s i b l e r = 9 . 9 and R i r r e v e r s i b l e = 47 . 13 ) for the unmodified membrane reduce to 22.89% ( R r e v e r s i b l e r = 16 . 10 and R i r r e v e r s i b l e = 6 . 79 ) for the modified membrane with 3 wt% of nanoparticles. The results of this study showed that the use of nanocomposite membranes is promising for the removal of biodegradable resistant pollutants such as amoxicillin antibiotics from water resources.

Development of a superhydrophobic and bactericide organic topcoat to be applied on thermally sprayed aluminum coatings in offshore submerged components

Marine environment is a very aggressive working atmosphere, where metals are subjected to corrosion and biological attacks, among other phenomena. The protection of steel components and structures has been achieved by means of protective coatings, including coatings with antifouling characteristics to avoid microbiological corrosion. In this work, an organic topcoat usually applied on top of Thermally Sprayed Aluminum (TSA) coatings has been functionalized. The paint was provided with superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties by the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles and biocide agents to its composition. Three biocide agents were evaluated, and the most promising one was selected. The evaluations performed comprised wettability tests, bacterial activity assessment, ecotoxicity tests, adhesion measurements in aqueous marine environment, and weathering aging tests to evaluate the corrosion protection ability of the coatings for its use in aggressive atmospheres. The paint containing a 25% wt of SiO2 and a 1.5 wt% Cu2O presented superhydrophobicity and antibacterial characteristics, with high adherence, low toxicity, and an adequate performance on the weathering aging tests.

Recycling of Waste Paraffin Wax by the Addition of SiO2 Nano-Powders to Improve Thermal Conductivity

Paraffin wax is an important material used in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The thermal conductivity of the material is an important parameter that decides the degree of exploitation of the paraffin wax in TES systems. The thermal conductivity is improved by the addition of silicon oxide nanoparticles (1%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) to the paraffin wax. The average size of the SiO2 particles is equal to 38 nm. The addition of SiO2 nano-particles at very small ratios was found to enhance the thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax considerably. SiO2 nanoparticles, add to paraffin wax, have a significant effect in enhancing the thermal storage characteristics of paraffin Paraffin wax is an important material used in thermal energy storage (TES) systems. The thermal conductivity of the material is an important parameter that decides the degree of exploitation of the paraffin wax in TES systems. The thermal conductivity is improved by the addition of silicon oxide nanoparticles (1%, 2%, 4 %, and 6%) to the paraffin wax. The average size of the SiO 2 particles is equal to 38 nm. The a ddition of SiO 2 nano -particles at very small ratios was found to enhance the thermal conductivi ty of the paraffin wax considerably. SiO 2 nanoparticles, add to paraffin wax, have a significant effect in enhancing the thermal storage characteristics of paraffin

Influence of Al2O3 and SiO2 nano-particles on hardness and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy (Al-4.5%Cu-1.5%Mg)

In the current work, the influence of a single and hybrid addition of the nano-particles (Al2O3) and (SiO2) on the corrosion resistance and polarization of the aluminum alloy (Al-4.5 wt%Cu-1.5 wt%Mg) as base alloy was investigated. Many composites reinforced with an individual addition of (5 wt%) SiO2 or (5 wt%) (Al2O3) nano-particles and hybrid addition of (2.5 wt% SiO2 + 2.5% Al2O3) nanoparticles were fabricated using powder metallurgy route. The rate of corrosion was evaluated by the Tafel polarization extrapolation method. Results showed that the hardness of nano composites that reinforced with the nanoparticles was higher than unreinforced base material. It was found that rate of corrosion of the hybrid nano-composite was lower than nano-composites with single addition and base alloy sample in the (3.5%NaCl) solution. Also, the results revealed that the pitting corrosion resistance is improved with the Al2O3 and/or SiO2 nano-particles addition during the cyclic polarization by disappearing the loop of hysteresis from the anodic polarization region.

Effect of SiO2 Nanoparticles and Soluble Silicate on the Composition and Properties of Oxide Layers Formed by Microarc Oxidizing on Magnesium Mg96

Oxide layers deposited on magnesium by microarc oxidizing with introduction of different silicon-containing components, i.e., nanoparticles of SiO2 and Na2SiO3 sodium metasilicate, into the electrolyte are studied. The effects due to individual and joint use of these substances as components of the electrolyte are compared. It is shown that the best wear resistance of the oxide layers is provided after addition of SiO2 nanoparticles into the electrolyte, and the best corrosion resistance is obtained due to joint introduction of SiO2 nanoparticles and sodium metasilicate. The mechanisms of interaction between SiO2 nanoparticles and the forming oxide layer are suggested.

Superhydrophobic property of epoxy resin coating modified with octadecylamine and SiO2 nanoparticles

Superhydrophobic coatings have been prepared in this work by spraying toluene solution with different ratios of grafted epoxy resin and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. Characterization by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, water contact angle techniques indicates that grafting with octadecylamine can effectively improve the hydrophobic property of epoxy resin with WCAs as high as 101.6 ± 3.1°, and that addition of SiO2 nanoparticles makes the superhydrophobic coatings of SiO2/grafted epoxy resin feasible provided that the weight percentage of SiO2 is over 35%. Moreover, the nanocomposite coatings exhibit good abrasion resistance as verified by the abrasion tests. Finally, the superhydrophobic coating is utilized to fabricate a superhydrophobic stainless-steel mesh on which the oil/water separation can be achieved with high efficiency and low cost.

Influence of Gold Nanoparticles on the Luminescence of an Acrylated Isocyanonaphthalene Derivative

Dodecanethiol-functionalized gold nanoparticles were incorporated into the polymer matrix of diurethane-methacrylate monomer mixture in the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles (8 wt %) and a new reactive organic luminescent material ACAIN (1-N-(2-acryloyloxy-3-chloroprop-1-yl)-amino-5-isocyanonaphthalene, 1 wt %). This way, a new, probably multifunctional, polymer nanocomposite was obtained. It was shown that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles enhances the fluorescent intensity of ACAIN by 1.5 times in the 450-550 nm spectral range. Furthermore, an additional fluorescence enhancement up to 4.5 times was observed when Au nanoparticles were added to this nanocomposite in a rather low (0.12 wt %) concentration.

Effects of polyimide/silica and polyimide/pores fillers on the morphology, thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene composites

The effects of polyimide with silica (SiO2‐PI) and pores (porous PI) on the morphology, thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were investigated. SiO2‐PI and porous PI fillers decrease the compactness of PTFE matrices within PTFE/SiO2‐PI composites and PTFE/porous‐PI composites. In addition, SiO2‐PI fillers improve the interfacial bonding between PI fillers and PTFE matrices, which is opposite to the detrimental effect of porous PI fillers. Thermal and mechanical properties of PTFE composites were deteriorated apparently. The friction coefficients of PTFE/SiO2‐PI and PTFE/porous‐PI composites are 9.5% and 8.5% lower than that of PTFE/PI, respectively. The wear resistance of PTFE/SiO2‐PI and PTFE/porous‐PI composites is enhanced by 77.8% and 70.1%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of worn surface indicates that SiO2‐PI and porous PI fillers protect PTFE matrices from counterpart ball, which inhibits the plastic flow of PTFE matrices effectively. In addition, the uneven worn surface decreases the contact area between PTFE composites and counterpart ball. Compared with SiO2‐PI fillers, the extension of porous PI fillers in friction process increases the contact area between PTFE composites and counterpart, which induces the relatively poor tribological performance of PTFE/porous‐PI. Furthermore, SiO2‐PI and porous PI fillers contribute to the formation of smooth and uniform transfer films, which improve the tribological performance of PTFE composites effectively. In addition, compared with adding SiO2‐PI into PTFE, the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles into PTFE/PI induces the rough and uniform transfer films, which is bad for tribological performance of PTFE/PI/SiO2 composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3438–3452, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

Development and characterization of novel and stable silicon nanoparticles-embedded PCM-in-water emulsions for thermal energy storage

A phase change material (PCM) emulsion was prepared by dispersing the PCM in water with the aid of emulsifiers, which had higher fluidity, higher thermal conductivity, and more flexible volume change than the solid-liquid PCMs. However, a critical issue for their large-scale applications is phase instability due to aggregation and precipitation of the PCM droplets. This work was to develop stable PCM emulsions prepared with n-hexadecane by manipulating the key factors and analyzing the emulsion properties including emulsifier combinations and process conditions, interfacial film properties, droplet size distribution, and rheology characteristics. The stability was further improved with the addition of SiO2 nano-particles. The SiO2 nano-particles also acted as an effective nucleating agent to reduce the degree of supercooling. The thermal performance for potential application in thermal energy storage systems was also examined. Eventually, a novel and highly stable PCM-in-water nano-emulsions with droplets on a scale of tens of nanometers and a transparent appearance was developed for potential application in active thermal energy storage systems.

Performance of low-salinity water flooding for enhanced oil recovery improved by SiO2 nanoparticles

Low-salinity water injection has been utilized as a promising method for oil recovery in recent years. Low-salinity water flooding changes the ion composition or brine salinity for improving oil recovery. Recently, the application of nanoparticles with low-salinity water flooding has shown remarkable results in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Many studies have been performed on the effect of nanofluids on EOR mechanisms. Their results showed that nanofluids can improve oil recovery when used in low-salinity water flooding. In this work, the effects of injection of low-salinity water and low-salinity nanofluid (prepared by adding SiO2 nanoparticles to low-salinity water) on oil recovery were investigated. At first, the effects of ions were investigated with equal concentrations in low-salinity water flooding. The experimental results showed that the monovalent ions had better performance than the divalent ions because of them having more negative zeta potential and less ionic strength. Also, low-salinity water flooding recovered 6.1% original oil in place (OOIP) more than the high-salinity flooding. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that low-salinity water could reduce the contact angle between oil and water. Then in the second stage, experiments were continued by adding SiO2 nanoparticles to the K+ solution which had the highest oil recovery at the first stage. The experimental results illustrated that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles up to 0.05 wt% increased oil recovery by about 4% OOIP more than the low-salinity water flooding.

Experimental investigation of enhancement of carbon dioxide foam stability, pore plugging, and oil recovery in the presence of silica nanoparticles

The influence of surface-modified silica (SiO2) nanoparticles on the stability and pore plugging properties of foams in porous media was investigated in this study. The pore plugging ability of foams was estimated from the pressure drop induced during foam propagation in porous media. The results clearly showed that the modified SiO2 nanoparticle-stabilized foam exhibited high stability, and the differential pressure increased in porous media by as much as three times. The addition of SiO2 nanoparticles to the foaming dispersions further mitigated the adverse effect of oil toward the foam pore plugging ability. Consequently, the oil recovery increased in the presence of nanoparticles by approximately 15% during the enhanced oil recovery experiment. The study suggested that the addition of surface-modified silica nanoparticles to the surfactant solution could considerably improve the conventional foam stability and pore plugging performance in porous media.

Tribological performance of paraffin grease with silica nanoparticles as an additive

The present study deals to evaluate the physical properties, frictional behavior, and extreme pressure performance of paraffin grease dispersed with silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. The paraffin grease was developed using paraffin oil as a base oil and 12-lithium hydroxy stearate was chosen as a thickener. The concentration of thickener was fixed at 14% w/w. The SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the modified sol–gel method and dispersed in paraffin grease by the in-situ method. The various analytical tools were used to ensure the formulation of SiO2 nanoparticles. The extreme pressure and frictional characteristics of SiO2 doped in paraffin grease were studied in four-ball tester as per ASTM D2596 and D2266, respectively. The physical properties of paraffin greases such as cone penetration, drop point, water washout, leakage tendency, and evaporation loss were also evaluated according to ASTM standards. The experimental results showed that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles in paraffin grease enhances its tribological performances as compared to pure paraffin grease. The maximum reduction in coefficient of friction and mean wear volume was ~ 20% and ~ 42% at a concentration of 0.03 and 0.05% w/w, respectively.

The influence of SiO2 nanoparticles addition into electrolyte on the thermal conductivity of oxide layer formed on eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by PEO

Oxide layers formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation with SiO2 nanoparticles addition into electrolyte on eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The thermal conductivity of oxide layers was measured by constant heat flow method. Obtained values of the thermal conductivity of oxide layers are significantly smaller than the values of oxide layer components as bulk materials. Decreasing of thermal conductivity of oxide layer in ratio of two is observed if SiO2 nanoparticles are added into electrolyte. It is shown that the sedimentation of nanoparticles into oxide layer and decreasing of crystalline sizes are the reasons of decreasing of thermal conductivity.

The influence of SiO2 nanoparticles addition into electrolyte on the wear resistance of oxide layers formed by PEO on aluminum-silicon alloy

Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and instrumental indentation were used for studying of oxide layers formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on the eutectic aluminum-silicone alloy A04130 in electrolyte with the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles of different concentrations. The optimum concentration of SiO2 nanoparticles in the electrolyte (3 g/l) was found, for achieving maximum microhardness and wear resistance of the oxide layer, exceeding the value obtained in the electrolyte without adding SiO2 nanoparticles by 1.6 and 3.5 times, respectively.

Coalescence characteristics of silica nanoparticle-laden droplets with a planar interface under direct current electric field

Electric dehydration method is widely used in oil industry to separate water from oil. Droplets resting on the oil–water interface discharge their liquids into the bulk phase, and the process can be altered by the change of electric field strength (E) or properties of water. Phenomenon of silica (SiO2) nanoparticle-laden droplets coalescing with a planar interface under direct current electric field was observed using a high-speed digital video camera. The effects of initial droplet diameter (D), E, and weight percent of nanoparticles in deionized water (C) were studied experimentally. The results showed that increasing D or E contributed to the formation of secondary droplets. Addition of SiO2 nanoparticles to water produced two competing effects: reduction in oil–water interfacial tension and increase in water conductivity, and a shift in the dominant effect occurred with the increase of E. Furthermore, formation of a ring by the separation of vortices was visualized by movement of nanoparticles in experiments, and its downward moving velocity decreased with time, which is small compared to that reported in literature. Finally, it was confirmed that the dimensionless WO number is not suitable for describing the volume fraction of secondary droplets for droplet–interface coalescence containing nanoparticles.