Addition Of MnO2 Research Articles

Effects of Oxide Additives on the Phase Structures and Electrical Properties of SrBi4Ti4O15 High-Temperature Piezoelectric Ceramics.

In this work, SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBT) high-temperature piezoelectric ceramics with the addition of different oxides (Gd2O3, CeO2, MnO2 and Cr2O3) were fabricated by a conventional solid-state reaction route. The effects of oxide additives on the phase structures and electrical properties of the SBT ceramics were investigated. Firstly, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all these oxides-modified SBT ceramics prepared presented a single SrBi4Ti4O15 phase with orthorhombic symmetry and space group of Bb21m, the change in cell parameters indicated that these oxide additives had diffused into the crystalline lattice of SBT and formed solid solutions with it. The SBT ceramics with the addition of MnO2 achieved a high relative density of up to 97%. The temperature dependence of dielectric constant showed that the addition of Gd2O3 could increase the TC of SBT. At a low frequency of 100 Hz, those dielectric loss peaks appearing around 500 °C were attributed to the space-charge relaxation as an extrinsic dielectric response. The synergetic doping of CeO2 and Cr2O3 could reduce the space-charge-induced dielectric relaxation of SBT. The piezoelectricity measurement and electro-mechanical resonance analysis found that Cr2O3 can significantly enhance both d33 and kp of SBT, and produce a higher phase-angle maximum at resonance. Such an enhanced piezoelectricity was attributed to the further increased orthorhombic distortion after Ti4+ at B-site was substituted by Cr3+. Among these compositions, Sr0.92Gd0.053Bi4Ti4O15 + 0.2 wt% Cr2O3 (SGBT-Cr) presented the best electrical properties including TC = 555 °C, tan δ = 0.4%, kp = 6.35% and d33 = 28 pC/N, as well as a good thermally-stable piezoelectricity that the value of d33 was decreased by only 3.6% after being annealed at 500 °C for 4 h. Such advantages provided this material with potential applications in the high-stability piezoelectric sensors operated below 500 °C.

Transformation of Schwertmannite to erdite nanorod via an alkaline dissolution–recrystallization process for the effective adsorption of oxytetracycline

Schwertmannite (schw) is a common Fe-bearing mineral in the precipitation of mine wastewater and/or steel pickling wastewater. It could be easily converted to goethite and hematite via heating or hydrothermal treatment and could be used as adsorbent to remove contaminants from wastewater. Herein, the spherical schw was converted into erdite nanorod by a simple hydrothermal method with the addition of Na2S. Schw was spherical particle with a size of 0.4–1.5 [Formula: see text]m. After treatment, it was converted to erdite nanorod particles with 100 nm diameter and 200 nm length. By adding MnO2 at the [Formula: see text] ratio of 1, erdite nanorod grew radially to 1–1.5 [Formula: see text]m, whereas MnO2 was reductively dissolved and recrystallized to rambergite. In the absence of Fe, MnO2 was directly transformed to octahedral alabandite. The product EN-0, prepared without MnO2, showed the optimal [Formula: see text] of oxytetracycline (OTC, 7479.6 mg/g), which was 12 times that of schw. In OTC-bearing solution, erdite was unstable and automatically hydrolyzed to generate Fe–SH/Fe–OH-bearing flocs, and it exhibited abundant surface functional groups for OTC adsorption. Subsequently, the hydroxyl and amino groups on the side chain of OTC would also be complexed with the Fe–SH group to generate an OTC–Fe–S ligand, in the form of flake-like particles with a smooth surface. The formed Mn-bearing minerals, for example, rambergite and alabandite, also complexed with OTC as OTC–Mn–S ligands to form quadrangular prism with shoulder and length of 10 [Formula: see text]m and 20–100 [Formula: see text]m, respectively. Spherical schw was converted into a well-crystallized erdite nanorod with the addition of MnO2, and the product showed potential applications in OTC-bearing wastewater treatment.

Introducing MnO2 and ZnO Additives for the Development of Alumina–Mullite–Zirconia Composites

Introducing MnO2 and ZnO Additives for the Development of Alumina–Mullite–Zirconia Composites

Synthesis of an ultrathin MnO2 nanosheet-coated Bi2WO6 nanosheet as a heterojunction photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity

A MnO2/Bi2WO6 heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by simple hydrothermal method and characterized systematically. The results showed that ultrathin MnO2 nanosheets are evenly attached on the surface of Bi2WO6 nanosheets to form interfaces between MnO2 and Bi2WO6 and retains 3D flower-like structure of Bi2WO6. The MnO2 addition to Bi2WO6 increases the specific surface area, widens the light absorption region, and changes the electronic properties of Bi and W. Moreover, the defective Mn3+ increases oxygen vacancies and plays a rapid charge transfer role. A good energy band structure is formed in MnO2/Bi2WO6 to facilitate the photogenerated carrier separation. The photocatalytic studies suggest that MnO2/Bi2WO6 shows excellent photocatalytic efficiency and stability for the degradation of NO under light irradiation and inhibition for NO2 generation. MnO2/Bi2WO6 photocatalyst can produce more •OH and •O2− radicals than Bi2WO6, and the electron transfer among Mn ions enhances the removal of NO.

Adsorption of As(III) from aqueous solutions using MnO2 strengthened WTRs-chitosan beads made by homogenous method with freeze-drying

Although the removal of arsenic from water using chitosan-WTRs adsorbent made by the embedding method has been extensively studied, the adsorption capacity is significantly lower than that of origin WTRs. In this paper, the WTRs-chitosan beads made by homogeneous method (WCB) were used as effective As(III) adsorbents. In order to obtain a better oxidation ability, MnO2 was added to WCB to make Mn-WCB, which was compared with WCB through various experiments to verify the optimization effect. Both adsorbents have carried out a variety of characterization and adsorption efficiency experiments. The physicochemical properties and adsorption capacities of WCB and Mn-WCB were compared, and the adsorption mechanism of Mn-WCB was analyzed. Under neutral conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity estimated according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 28.607 mg/g and 36.911 mg/g, respectively. By comparison, adding manganese dioxide to WCB can effectively increase the adsorption capacity and enhance the regeneration performance, also the pore structure and acid resistance have been improved. The experimental results proved that both WCB and Mn-WCB are good As(III) adsorbents, and Mn-WCB was obviously better than WCB in terms of adsorption capacity and structure, indicating that the addition of MnO2 in WTR-chitosan beads is an effective optimization method for As(III) removal.

Mechanism insight into MnO for CO activation and O removal processes on Co(0001) surface: A DFT and kMC study

Direct production of olefins from syngas is of great energy and economic significance. Recently, many researches have reported that Mn modified Co based catalysts are of great application prospect. However, the effect mechanism of Mn is still not clear. This work illustrates how the addition of Mn promotes the CO dissociation and O removal processes by comparing Co(0001) surfaces with MnO/Co(0001) surfaces through density functional theory (DFT) and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) calculations. Specifically, CO tends to dissociate through the H-assisted path via CHO intermediate on both surfaces while direct dissociation may also occur on MnO/Co(0001). The addition of MnO can stabilize the transition states and reduce the reaction barrier by its bonding with the transition states in the direct dissociation path and CHO intermediate path, thus improving the dissociation efficiency significantly. Besides, instead of promoting the CO dissociation on Co(0001), the dissociation path via COH intermediate consumes the already dissociated C by its inverse reactions. On the contrary, MnO/Co(0001) can inhibit the reverse reactions of the COH intermediate pathway. The absorbed O tends to be removed as H2O through OH disproportionation path on both surfaces. The effect of temperature on the path of water generation is negligible. The low CO2 selectivity advantage of MnO/Co(0001) over Co(0001) becomes more and more apparent with the raise of temperature. The addition of Mn doesn’t change the benefit of low water gas shift activity on Co based catalysts.

Effects of Fe2O3, MnO2, MgO and ZnO additives on lipid and biodiesel production from microalgae

At present, the major body of research is focused on weaning the world from fossil fuels. The problem is that the world is running out of fossil fuel. Therefore, an alternative source must be identified. The biofuels are promising alternatives. In the case of petrodiesel, a promising alternative is biodiesel production from algae. The ability of microalgae to generate large quantities of lipids with a fast growth rate made them superior biodiesel producers. An important factor of determining optimal microalgal activity is the bioresponse to changes in trace metal concentration and quantity. The effects of the addition of the following chemicals were investigated: ferric oxide (Fe2O3) with a concentration of 1.2 mg/L, manganese dioxide (MnO2) with a concentration of 1 mg/L, magnesium oxide (MgO) with a concentration of 7.3 mg/L, and zinc oxide (ZnO) with a concentration of 5 mg/L. Further treatment is a mixture of all additives with the same listed concentrations. According to the results of this study, it was found that iron, manganese, magnesium, and zinc concentration have great influence on the algal growth and lipid production. Furthermore, the mixture of all additives yielded the highest lipid and, therefore, the highest biodiesel production among all treatments.

Effect of MnO2 addition on temperature-dependent properties of tetragonal (Bi,Na)TiO3–BaTiO3 thick films prepared on MgO ceramic substrates

The temperature-dependent properties of the (1–x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–xBaTiO3 (BNT–100xBT, 0.14 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) thick films with MnO2 additives were investigated. The addition of 0.2 wt% MnO2 to the thick films increased the remanent polarization (P r) and improved the temperature stability of the P r. The P r value of the thick films was comparable to that of the thick films with the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition. The depolarization temperatures (T ds) were higher than those of bulk ceramics. The highest T d of ∼300 °C was observed in the BNT–20BT thick films with MnO2 addition. To understand the change in T d with a composition x, the thermal expansions of BNT–100xBT were examined.

Construction of Z-scheme g-C3N4 / MnO2 /GO ternary photocatalyst with enhanced photodegradation ability of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light radiation

A facile wet-chemical method was adopted to synthesize g-C3N4/MnO2/GO heterojunction photocatalyst for visible-light photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The addition of MnO2 and GO increased the absorption of visible light and the specific surface area of the photocatalyst. The results of photoluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and photocurrent response indicated that CMG-10 had the lowest electron–hole recombination probability, which was beneficial for the photocatalytic reaction. The ternary photocatalyst exhibited enhanced photoelectric performance and superior photocatalytic activity with 91.4% removal of TC (10 mg/L) under a mere 60 min visible light illumination, which showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation when compared with binary (CM, 77.95%; CG, 78.83%) and single (C3N4, 55.5%; MnO2, 36.41%) photocatalysts. A pH of 6 was optimal for the CMG-10 photocatalytic degradation of TC, and the optimal photocatalyst dosage was 0.5 g/L. Common coexisting ions influenced the removal of TC by influencing the production of active species. The catalyst is stable and reusable with only a 10% reduction in removal efficiency after four cycles. According to the active species analysis, the Z-scheme mechanism was a charge transfer behavior in the composite photocatalyst, which could prevent the recombination of photogenerated carriers. This study presents a photocatalytic approach to the effective removal of TC from water bodies, which provides practical implications to advance the use of photocatalytic technology in the restoration of aqueous environmental pollution.

Enhancement in electrical and magnetic properties of (Li0.5Ga0.5)2+ and (Li0.5Er0.5)2+-Modified BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics

Effects of (Li0.5Ga0.5)2+ and (Li0.5Er0.5)2+ doping on the phase structure, electrical, and magnetic properties of 0.75BiFeO3-0.25BaTiO3 (BFO-BT) ceramics were investigated and analyzed. X-ray diffraction measurements suggested a rhombohedral distorted perovskite structure and no structural transformation with the increasing doping content. Rietveld refinement results revealed that (Li0.5Ga0.5)2+ ions were more susceptible to replace the B-sites and (Li0.5Er0.5)2+ ions tended to substitute the A-sites. A significant improvement in the dielectric loss, ferroelectricity, and magnetization was observed for both (Li0.5Ga0.5)2+ and (Li0.5Er0.5)2+-modified BFO–BT ceramics without the addition of MnO2 compared to undoped ceramic samples. Remnant magnetization (Mr) of 0.35 emu/g was reached for LG6. The enhanced magnetic properties were related to the suppressed cycloidal spin structure, the presences of the local lattice disorder and the magnetic impurities induced by the (Li0.5Ga0.5)2+ and (Li0.5Er0.5)2+ substitution.

Influence of growth oxygen pressure on the electrical properties and phase transformation of the epitaxial (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free ferroelectric films

The influence of the growth oxygen pressure (GPO2) on the performance of the epitaxial 0.95(K0.49Na0.49Li0.02)(Ta0.2Nb0.8)O3–0.05CaZrO3 with 2 wt. % MnO2 addition (KNNLT-CZM) lead-free ferroelectric films grown on the La0.07Ba0.93SnO3-coated SrTiO3 (001) substrates is investigated. The x-ray diffraction results show that the tetragonality of the KNNLT-CZM films is dependent on GPO2, which varies from 0.999 at 15 Pa to 1.006 at 35 Pa. Since the polarization direction with applied electrical field of the (010)-oriented KNN-based film is along [110]/[011], the relationship between the ferroelectricity and GPO2 is well explained from the perspective of the tetragonality change. The leakage current density of the KNNLT-CZM films is suppressed and the dielectric constant is enhanced from 427 to 1538 at 1 kHz with increasing the GPO2. Moreover, the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition temperature (TO-T) of the KNNLT-CZM films grown at 15 Pa is ∼180 °C, which is much lower than ∼210 °C of those grown at 25/35 Pa. GPO2 is proven to be an important factor that regulating the ferroelectricity and TO-T of the epitaxial KNNLT-CZM films.

Characterizing the impact of MnO2 addition on the efficiency of Fe0/H2O systems

The role of manganese dioxide (MnO2) in the process of water treatment using metallic iron (Fe0/H2O) was investigated in quiescent batch experiments for t ≤ 60 d. MnO2 was used as an agent to control the availability of solid iron corrosion products (FeCPs) while methylene blue (MB) was an indicator of reactivity. The investigated systems were: (1) Fe0, (2) MnO2, (3) sand, (4) Fe0/sand, (5) Fe0/MnO2, and (6) Fe0/sand/MnO2. The experiments were performed in test tubes each containing 22.0 mL of MB (10 mg L−1) and the solid aggregates. The initial pH value was 8.2. Each system was characterized for the final concentration of H+, Fe, and MB. Results show no detectable level of dissolved iron after 47 days. Final pH values varied from 7.4 to 9.8. The MB discoloration efficiency varies from 40 to 80% as the MnO2 loading increases from 2.3 to 45 g L−1. MB discoloration is only quantitative when the operational fixation capacity of MnO2 for Fe2+ was exhausted. This corresponds to the event where adsorption and co-precipitation with FeCPs is intensive. Adsorption and co-precipitation are thus the fundamental mechanisms of decontamination in Fe0/H2O systems. Hybrid Fe0/MnO2 systems are potential candidates for the design of more sustainable Fe0 filters.

δ-MnO2 changed the structure of humic-like acid during co-composting of chicken manure and rice straw

Improving the structure and quantity of humus is important to reduce agriculture organic waste by composting. The present study was aimed to assess the role of δ-MnO2 on humus fractions formation during co-composting of chicken manure and rice straw. Two tests (control group (CK), the addition of δ-MnO2 (M)) were carried out. The results showed that organic matter content decreased by 34% and 29% at M and CK, suggesting the process of organic waste disposal was accelerated by adding δ-MnO2. The structures and quantity of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) (as the main fractions of humus) were investigated. The δ-MnO2 had no significant effect on improving the concentration of FA and HA (p>0.05). However, the addition of δ-MnO2 caused different effects on the FA and HA structure. The humification degree of FA improved, while bioavailability of HA increased through adding δ-MnO2. The addition of δ-MnO2 rephased the bacterial community structure, slowing down the succession rate of the bacterial community in M composting. After adding δ-MnO2, the structural equation modeling results showed that environmental factors could directly drive changes in FA and HA by modulating the bacterial community. Furthermore, the role of FA and HA in the soil amendment was also demonstrated. Therefore, the addition of MnO2 might be promising for agriculture organic waste treatment and environmental repair during composting.

Synthesis of g-C3N4/diatomite/MnO2 composites and their enhanced photo-catalytic activity driven by visible light

Herein, a novel visible-light-responsive g-C3N4/diatomite/MnO2 composite was successfully fabricated through a simple redox reaction method. The structure and morphology of the sample are mainly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). In this paper, the photo-catalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by degradation RhB under visible-light irradiation. The results shown that, compared with g-C3N4/diatomite composite, MnO2, g-C3N4, diatomite, the prepared g-C3N4/diatomite/2.5%MnO2 composite exhibits better photo-catalytic activity and stability. At the same time, the effect of different MnO2 additions on the photo-catalytic activity of the composite material was further analyzed. The results indicated that the g-C3N4/MnO2/diatomite composites exhibit highest photo-catalytic activity when the adding amount of MnO2 reached 2.5%. The degradation rate of the g-C3N4/diatomite/2.5%MnO2 is 93% after recycling for three times, showing good stability and reusability. Moreover, the mechanism of catalytic performance enhancement also has been discussed.

Synthesis of novel erdite nanorods for the activation of peroxymonosulfate during p-nitrophenol wastewater treatment.

Fe-bearing salt and minerals are common reagents used in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for Fenton-like oxidation in wastewater treatment. Fe-bearing reagents are used in mass production, which generate abundant Fe-bearing waste sludge in the absence of a reductant for Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling. Herein, a novel Fe/S-bearing mineral, erdite, was synthesized with a one-step hydrothermal route. The material exerted an Fe/S synergetic effect for p-nitrophenol degradation upon PMS activation and showed a one-dimensional structure similar to that of (FeS2)nn-. It contained short rods with diameters of 100 nm and lengths ranging from 200 to 400 nm. It grew radically to 0.8-2 μm in length upon the addition of MnO2. Ps-0.5, prepared by adding MnO2 in an Mn/Fe molar ratio of 0.5, showed optimal efficiency in removing approximately 99.4% of p-nitrophenol upon PMS activation. Only 3.3% of p-nitrophenol was removed without MnO2. The efficiency of p-nitrophenol removal through Ps-0.5 activation was higher than that through FeSO4, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), CuFeS2, and MnSO4 activation. The formed erdite rods were spontaneously hydrolyzed to Fe/S-bearing flocs, in which an electron was used by structural S to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ upon PMS activation. The reduction resulted in a high p-nitrophenol removal rate. This study provided new insight into the development of an effective PMS activator in wastewater treatment.

Effect of MnO on the crystallization, microstructure, and properties of MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics

The Mn-doped MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (MAS) glass-ceramics were prepared by the melt quenching technique. The effect of MnO on the crystallization, microstructure, and properties of MAS was discussed. XRD results showed that MnO promotes the phase transformation from indialite to Mg0.6Al1.2Si1.8O6 and enstatite. Crystallization kinetics suggested that MnO inhibits the precipitation of indialite. Both the crystallization index and SEM photographs proved that the bulk crystallization plays an important role in the Mn-doped MAS system. EDS analyses indicated that the large grain corresponds to Mg0.6Al1.2Si1.8O6 and the small grain corresponds to the magnesium-rich phase. Due to the addition of 0.5 wt% MnO, the flexural strength was enhanced from 146 to 247 MPa, and the coefficient of thermal expansion was increased from 3.52 × 10−6/°C to 5.41 × 10−6/°C. • Mn-modified MAS glass-ceramic with high flexural strength and low thermal expansion was developed. • Small addition of MnO markedly improved the flexural strength and Young’s modulus. • The relation between CTE values and crystal phases was revealed. • Crystallization kinetics suggested that MnO inhibited the precipitation of indialite.

Improving photostriction of KNN-based ceramics by MnO2 additive and polarization

The effects of sintering additives on photostriction properties have been rarely reported and the polarization effect of KNN-based ceramics on the photostriction characteristics remains uncertain. In the present work, a highly feasible approach has been adopted to obtain improved photostrictive coefficient (α = 2.4 × 10−9 m2/W) for KNN-based ceramics by adding appropriate amount (x = 0.5 wt%) of MnO2 as sintering additives into 0.97(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.03(La0.51Na0.49)(Zr0.54Ni0.46)O3 (97KNN-3LNNZ) ceramics. The appropriate amount of MnO2 (x ≤ 0.5 wt%) in the ceramics does not alter the inherent multi-phase structure and results in uniform grain growth of the ceramics. The ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity can be optimized by the “softening” effect of Mn2+ and Mn3+ in KNN-based ceramics. The addition of MnO2 increases energy band gap and also optimizes the optical absorption properties in the near-infrared band. 97KNN-3LNNZ+0.5 wt% MnO2 ceramics show optimum overall performance. In addition to this, for x = 0.5 wt% sample, the power-dependent Raman spectra of ceramics measured before and after the electrical poling shows that the prior E-field poling can enhance the red shift corresponding to F2g bending vibration mode. Subsequently, there are changes in bond angle of elements induced by light in oxygen octahedron. These phenomena play active roles in getting a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of photostriction for ferroelectric ceramics.

Black zirconia composites with enhanced thermal, optical and mechanical performance for solar energy applications

This work discusses developing new black zirconia (ZrO2) composites with high efficiency and optimal properties as a volumetric solar receiver via low cost processing. The major aim is optimizing a new high temperature material with high durability, optical and thermal properties for solar energy applications. This was achieved by blackening of zirconia and producing black zirconia composites through addition of Fe2O3 and MnO2 instead of using coating. Fe2O3 is added to the white zirconia with different content (0–30 wt%) to promote its dark color and enhance its properties. 5 wt% MnO2 is added to assist the blackening and the sintering processes. The different ZrO2/Fe2O3 (0–30 wt%)/MnO2 composites are produced by pressureless sintering method at a temperature of 1700 °C for 2 hrs. Optical, thermal and mechanical performances of the obtained composites are optimized to ensure its suitability and sustainability as solar absorber material. Results indicated that highly dense composites with homogenous microstructural features are attained. Increment of Fe2O3 content has a substantial effect on promoting the thermal and solar to thermal efficiencies of the obtained composites. Composite with 30 wt % Fe2O3 showed the highest solar absorbance in the UV, visible and near IR regions. It recorded the best light emission efficiency with the highest photoluminescence performance. Black ZrO2/Fe2O3/MnO2 composites could be a promising candidate as solar receiver material for thermal solar plants than other reported carbide and nitride materials.

Manganese dioxide driven the carbon and nitrogen transformation by activating the complementary effects of core bacteria in composting

This study revealed core bacterial metabolic mechanisms involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in composting with adding MnO2. Two tests (control group (CK), adding MnO2 (M)) were performed. The results indicated that the MnO2 accelerated the transformation of carbon and nitrogen in composting. Core bacteria involved in the C and N conversion were identified, the complementarity effects of core bacteria were stimulated in M composting. Additionally, the influence of core bacteria on the C and N conversion could be divided into two pathways in M composting. One was that core bacteria promoted C and N conversion by accelerating the flow of amino acids into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Another was that the complementarity effects of core bacteria increased the overall bacterial diversity, which contributed to C and N conversion. These findings showed that the addition of MnO2 to composting was a promising application to treat agricultural organic waste.

The Effects of MnO2 Addition on the Physical Properties of Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3-BiFeO3 Ceramics

In this paper, for the application to multi-layer piezoelectric devices capable of being used in piezoelectric speakers, Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-BiFeO3 ceramics substituted with Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3 were manufactured according to MnO2 addition, and their physical properties were studied. At non-doped MnO2 added specimen, the maximum values of piezoelectric properties were shown, respectively: the εr of 2182, d33 of 513 pC/N, and kp of 0.634. When taking into consideration the low dielectric constant and high d33 in case of increasing the numbers of multilayer in ceramics, the x = 0.2 composition ceramics was suitable for the device application such as speaker using low-temperature sintering multilayer piezoelectric actuators.