Addition Of Incentives Research Articles

The effects of numbered heads together with and without incentives on the ESL quiz performance of second-grade students in a Kuwaiti inclusive classroom

ABSTRACT The present study examined the effects of two variations of numbered heads together (NHT), a cooperative learning strategy, on the academic performance of 24, second-grade males enrolled in an inclusion class in Kuwait. Using a pre-experimental, A–B–BC single-case research design, researchers found that (a) both NHT versions were more effective than hand raising (HR) in improving students’ daily ESL quiz scores; (b) the addition of incentives further improved student quiz performance over NHT conditions; and (c) the classroom teacher reported that the interventions were effective and socially acceptable. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE PERSPECTIVE OF ALLOPATHIC PRIVATE PROVIDERS FOR THEIR ENGAGEMENT IN TUBERCULOSIS CASE NOTIFICATION UNDER RNTCP

Background: In India 80% of patient first seek private health sector for treatment. This necessitates their engagement in TB eradication programme. Private providers engagement remains a challenging area from decades. Appropriate activities are needed to engage large and unorganized private sector to achieve different milestone in TB case notification and identification. Objective: Study to assess the perspective of allopathic private providers for their engagement in tuberculosis case notification under RNTCP. Methods: Cross-sectional mixed method study among allopathic private providers in Palwal District of Haryana. Conveniently 187 allopathic private providers were approached to assess those factors which can increase their involvement in TB case notification. Private providers were interviewed to check their perspective on mandatory TB case notification Results: This study found that providers are well aware about the RNTCP programme. Overall 59 percent of practitioners favoured the incentives and p-value of 0.014 shows incentive is one factors which can increase their involvement in the programme. Continuing Medical Education (55%) and Notification through hard copy (57%) are preferred ways for engagement. Lack of notification knowledge and complicate process are challenging issues for notification. It was observed stigma, government support and coordination, jurisdiction, and inadequate trainings are remained as barrier from years. Conclusion: There is need to address these issues on priority. Capacity building and educational programmes are required to strengthen the private providers. Simplified notification process and addition of incentives can increase involvement from the private sector. Government support and coordination to private sector are required for achieving the aim of TB Free Ind

Modeling and assessment of incentive based demand response using price elasticity model in distribution systems

The application of price elasticity model (PEM) in DR is considered as an appealing model for attributing the customer’s demand sensitivity to price variation. It is also rendered in incentive based demand response (IBDR) program by augmenting with price based DR. This gives cumulative response of both DRs, but does not implicate the effect of incentive based DR, explicitly. Moreover, the impact on elasticity with the addition of incentives is not analyzed, analytically. Hence, these aspects are contributed as the part of the proposed study. In this context, an IBDR modeling using PEM is proposed to define effect of incentives in individual and the augmented DR. It proposes an incentive based elasticity in line with price based elasticity to differentiate their reflection on the system’s economic and technical performance. Besides, IBDR models are critically evaluated based on the considered price strategies along with incentives to the customers. In addition, two pricing strategies along with IBDR are also suggested. A comprehensive analysis is carried out on the standard IEEE 33 distribution system bus load data to assess the efficacy of the proposed models and compared with the existing models. Further, these models are qualitatively assessed from both customers and utility perspective.

A Usability Analysis on the Development of Caregiver Assessment Using Serious Gaming Technology (CAST) Version 2.0: A Research Update

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased isolation of caregivers making the development of an in-home assessment tool timely. This study examined the usability of the Caregiver Assessment using Serious Gaming Technology (CAST) version 2.0, an application that assesses task performance and stress in dementia caregivers. Following a demonstration on the CAST app, five representative user participants compared versions 1.0 to 2.0, and five participants, also representative users, evaluated version 2.0. Participants provided recommendations for substantive changes including: a reminder feature addition, addition of incentives, updates on appearance and ease of use, and updating the word scramble game (the most significant finding of this usability study). All participants reported their experiences and provided recommendations for further enhancements during semi-structured interviews with social work researchers. Results indicated that the modifications had considerably improved the application's usability. Changes in readability and use were encouraging for future use although continued development of additional games for the app is crucial for ongoing development.

A simulator study of the effect of incentive on adoption and effectiveness of an in-vehicle human machine interface

IntroductionRapid developments in transportation technologies, such as in-vehicle human-machine interfaces (HMI), have the potential to improve driving behaviour. However, the use of such approaches is typically voluntary and there are numerous barriers to their widespread implementation. The aim of the current paper is to evaluate the impact of monetary incentive combined with competition with other drivers on adoption and effectiveness of an eco-safe in-vehicle HMI. Moreover, this research assess intentions to use and willingness to purchase the in-vehicle HMI, both of which play crucial roles in sustained voluntary uptake of in-vehicle HMIs. MethodForty drivers participated in a driving simulator experiment and questionnaires. Three variations of an eco-safe driving in-vehicle HMI were evaluated (advice only, feedback only, combined advice and feedback), followed by an incentive-based condition. ResultsThe findings revealed the 4.7% reduction in fuel consumption with an addition of incentive and competition with other drivers associated with the use of in-vehicle HMI on eco-safe driving behaviour. Moreover, there was some evidence to suggest that a range of extrinsic and intrinsic incentives may be beneficial for increasing intentions to use such a system. ConclusionsWe conclude that the addition of incentives may be more effective in encouraging greater intentions to use the in-vehicle HMI, compared to improving eco-safe driving behaviour associated with system use. Practical applicationsThis research provides valuable knowledge towards enhancing the current understanding of the nature and features of eco-safe in vehicle HMIs. Such information provides a foundation for the design and development of novel in-vehicle systems, incorporating the influence of competition with other drivers and incentives to enhance the motivation to use in-vehicle systems and consequently, improve drivers’ fuel efficiency and safe driving behaviour.

Balancing carrots and sticks in REDD+: implications for social safeguards

Reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation and forest degradation and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+) is key to mitigating global climate change. The aim of REDD+ social safeguards is to ensure that REDD+ does not harm, and actually benefits, local people. To be eligible for results-based compensation through REDD+, countries should develop national-level safeguard information systems to monitor and report on the impacts of REDD+. Although safeguards represent a key step for promoting social responsibility in REDD+, they are challenging to operationalize and monitor. We analyzed the impacts of different types of REDD+ interventions (incentives vs. disincentives) on key safeguard-relevant indicators, i.e., tenure security, participation, and subjective well-being, as well as on reported forest clearing. We used household-level data collected in Brazil, Peru, Cameroon, Tanzania, Indonesia, and Vietnam from approximately 4000 households in 130 villages at two points in time (2010-2012 and 2013-2014). Our findings highlight a decrease in perceived tenure security and overall perceived well-being over time for households exposed to disincentives alone, with the addition of incentives helping to alleviate negative effects on well-being. In Brazil, although disincentives were associated with reduced reported forest clearing by smallholders, they were the intervention that most negatively affected perceived well-being, highlighting a clear trade-off between carbon and noncarbon benefits. Globally, although households exposed to REDD+ interventions were generally aware of local REDD+ initiatives, meaningful participation in initiative design and implementation lagged behind. Our analysis contributes to a relatively small literature that seeks to operationalize REDD+ social safeguards empirically and to evaluate the impacts of REDD+ interventions on local people and forests.

Altruism and reciprocity in organ donation: compatible or not?

Altruism and reciprocity in organ donation: compatible or not?