Addition Of Glucose Research Articles

Hierarchical van der Waals heterostructure with dual-defect sites for bidirectionally catalyzing Li2S nucleation and decomposition in lithium-sulfur batteries

The lithium‑sulfur batteries hold a promising option for the next generation of energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides and their slow reaction kinetics lead to extremely low efficiency and poor stability, thereby limiting the commercial viability of lithium‑sulfur batteries. Herein, MoSe2/Ti3C2 van der Waals heterostructure is synthesized with a dual-defect strategy, and its electrocatalytic performance is further improved through solution coating treatment (SCT), which involves the addition of glucose during the hydrothermal process. The conductive Ti3C2 scaffold effectively inhibits the aggregation of MoSe2 nanoflakes, thereby validating a larger active surface area. Meanwhile, the nitrogen dopant and selenium vacancy dual-defects in MoSe2 provide abundant active sites for anchoring polysulfides and catalyzing their conversion. As a result, the synergistic interaction between MoSe2 and Ti3C2 bidirectionally catalyzes the Li2S nucleation and decomposition through a heterointerface effect. The lithium‑sulfur battery equipped with MoSe2/Ti3C2-SCT heterostructure modified separator exhibits outstanding discharge specific capacity of 1496.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1C, and a low decay rate per cycle of 0.059 % after 500 cycles at 1C. The discharge specific capacity recovers to 89.3 % of the initial capacity when the current density is decreased from 5C to 0.1C. This work highlights the potential of defect engineering in transition metal selenides to enhance the performance of lithium‑sulfur batteries. It offers a new approach to designing composite electrocatalysts for high-performance lithium‑sulfur batteries.

Engineering Injectable and Highly Interconnected Porous Silk Fibroin Microspheres for Tissue Regeneration.

Injectable porous microspheres represent a promising therapeutic platform for cell delivery, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration. Yet, the engineering of silk fibroin microspheres with a highly interconnected porous structure remains an unsolved challenge. In this study, a simple and efficient method is developed that does not require the use of organic solvents to prepare silk fibroin microspheres with a predictable structure. Through extensive screening, the addition of glucose is found to direct the formation of a highly interconnected porous structure from the interior to the surface of silk fibroin microspheres. Compared to silk fibroin microspheres (SF microspheres) produced through a combination of electro-spray, cryopreservation, and freeze drying, silk fibroin-glucose microspheres (SF-Glu microspheres) demonstrates enhanced capabilities in promoting cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro. Both SF-Glu and SF microspheres exhibit the capacity to maintain the sustained release kinetics of the loaded model drug. Furthermore, SF-Glu microspheres facilitate the recruitment of endogenous cells, capillary migration, and macrophage phenotype switch following subcutaneous injection in the rats. This study opens a new avenue for the construction of porous silk fibroin microspheres, which could lead to a broader range of applications in regenerative medicine.

Effect of glucose addition on the morphology and activity of ZnO supported on mesoporous zeolite SBA-15 for the removal of hydrogen sulfide

Zinc oxide with its high equilibrium constant for sulfidation, can be utilized to purify H2S-containing gases, but its low kinetics at room temperature limits its sulfur loading capacity. This study use glucose as an organic additive and carbon source to prepare carbon doped ZnO adsorbents with different ZnO loadings (5-20wt%) through initial wet impregnation. It was observed that the sulfur capacity of 15wt% Zn/SBA-15-G (10.9mg/g) was approximately 1.65 times higher than that of 15wt% Zn/SBA-15 (6.6mg/g). This improvement was attributed to the use of glucose, which led to better ZnO dispersion, a narrower distribution of ZnO particle size, and the formation of C-O-Zn bonds that increased the number of hydroxyl groups on the ZnO surface. DFT calculations also indicated that carbon doping could lower the activation energy of the reaction between ZnO and H2S and shorten the reaction pathway. Consequently, the prepared ZnO adsorbent demonstrated enhanced desulfurization efficiency at room temperature. Furthermore, regeneration experiments conducted on the desulfurizer after use revealed that achieving complete regeneration is a challenge.

The Role of Nutrient and Energy Limitation on Microbial Decomposition of Deep Podzolized Carbon: A Priming Experiment

AbstractSoil carbon decomposition is primarily driven by microbial activities and is regulated by factors which stimulate or impede microbial functions. Deep podzolized carbon (DPC), found in the United States Southeastern Coastal Plain, is situated well below the soil surface in horizons isolated from active plant input. This carbon is characterized by high C:N ratios (>30) which could reflect nutrient limitation of microbial decomposition. To uncover the energy or nutrient limitation on DPC degradation, a 90‐day priming experiment was performed with soils from the surface horizon and DPC horizons (i.e., Bh1 and Bh2) received the additions of 13C‐labeled alanine and glucose. This resulted in prominent priming effects: addition of alanine increased basal decomposition of soil organic carbon by 918 ± 51% and 737 ± 7% in Bh2 and Bh1, respectively. Glucose relative priming was 505 ± 28% in Bh1 and 606 ± 77% of basal respiration in Bh2. These strong responses to substrate input highlight the susceptibility of DPC to loss when microbial carbon and nutrient constraints are alleviated. After 90 days, glucose addition increased the microbial biomass in DPC horizons relative to alanine addition, with the latter showing no difference from ultrapure‐water control. The response of the microbial biomass indicates constraint by a lack of energy sources both by the paucity of labile substrates and reduced availability of organic matter as a result of podzolization. Our study has important implications for predicting the response of DPC in Coastal Plain soils in the context of land management and global change.

Modified perylene diimide for femto molar level detection of glucose: smartphone-assisted colorimetric glucose detection kits.

In this report, a functionalized hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (HBT) derivative has been synthesized and anchored onto the perylene diimide (PDI) core at the -bay position (PHI). PHI has been explored for the generation of radical anions (PH1˙-) and dianions (PH12-) in 20% HEPES buffer-DMSO solution using H2S as a sacrificial electron donor. The PH1˙- has a half-life (t1/2) of 1.5 h and 3 h in oxygenated and hypoxic conditions, respectively. The formation of radical anions has been confirmed by optical (absorbance and fluorescence) methods, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and femtosecond transient absorbance spectroscopy along with current-voltage (I-V) and NOBF4 studies. The PH1˙- showed peroxidase-like activity for the reduction of H2O2 as low as 170 fmol L-1 (fM) giving a colour change from sea green to pink. The biochemical assay which consists of PH1˙-+ GOx has been further utilized as a glucose sensor. Upon addition of glucose (0-8 nM) in the biochemical assay, the in-situ produced H2O2 (after oxidation of glucose with GOx) oxidized PH1˙- to PH1 giving a sea green to pink colorimetric read out along with a decrease in the absorption intensities at 720, 815, 880 and 950 nm and the emergence of absorption intensity at 541 nm. The lowest limit of detection is 85 fM. We also explored this biochemical assay for the detection of 860 fM of glucose in a 10% blood serum. Similarly, fluorometric, CV and DPV studies were carried out for the detection of glucose using this biochemical assay. The smartphone-assisted RGB colour analyser showed large variations in the red colour and this RGB based colour differentiation can be used for the detection of 1 nM of glucose.

Glucose addition in natural forest soils has higher biological nitrogen fixation capacity than other types of soils

Land use changes soil microbial and chemical properties, but the mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation under different land use patterns is rarely reported, so we used four types of soil: Natural forest soil (NS), healthy banana soil (HS), diseased banana soil (DS) and paddy soil (PS). Treatments included the control (CK), addition of glucose (G), addition of glucose and ammonium nitrate (GN), addition of banana straw (BS), addition of banana straw and ammonium nitrate (BSN), addition of banana root (BR), and addition of banana root and ammonium nitrate (BRN). The study found that the change of soil utilization types, glucose addition increased carbon dioxide emissions (Compared with the control, increased by 963.11%, 508.39%, 794.77% and 511.34%, respectively) and enhanced the ability of soil microbial nitrogen fixation. Importantly, natural forest soil microorganisms have a higher biological nitrogen fixation capacity compared to other types of soils. Glucose addition caused the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen (Compared with the control, increased by 426.08%, 934.21%, 420% and 1065.95%, respectively), indicating that microorganisms had higher utilization efficiency of soluble carbon and enhanced the biological nitrogen fixation capacity, and nitrogen addition caused the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen, thereby weakening the biological nitrogen fixation capacity. At the same time, glucose significantly increased the Fimicutes phylum (83.73%, 66.38%, 67.18% and 70.36%) and lowered the level of other bacterial phylums, thereby reducing the bacterial network structure, and the stability of the soil environment has decreased. Forest analysis showed that CO2 was an important factor in predicting the bacterial community structure of different soil types, an increase in CO2 content can predict drastic changes in the bacterial community. Bacteria at the Fimicutes phylum level preferred glucose, which may also have a negative effect on bacteria at the level of other phylums.

Production of Bioactive Peptides from Tartary Buckwheat by Solid-State Fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917.

Buckwheat is a valuable crop that contains various nutrients and functional components. Tartary buckwheat peptide is a protease-hydrolyzed protein with a wide range of physiological functions. Tartary buckwheat peptide produced through microbial fermentation can decrease the enzymatic digestion of buckwheat protein, which contributes to the bitter taste, and improve both the flavor and texture of buckwheat peptide products. In this study, microbial fermentation using probiotics was employed to prepare Tartary buckwheat peptides, and the preparation process was optimized. Based on single-factor experiments, the polypeptide content in the fermentation solution initially increased and then decreased with varying water content, inoculum concentration, glucose addition, fermentation temperature, fermentation time, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate addition. According to the response surface methodology, the maximum peptide content was achieved under fermentation conditions of 60.0% moisture content, 12.87% inoculum ratio, 2.0% glucose, and a fermentation temperature of 30.0 °C, with an actual value of (22.18 ± 1.02) mg/mL. The results show that fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum produces higher peptide levels and is safer than other microbial fermentation methods.

Enzymatically Triggered Drug Release from Microgels Controlled by Glucose Concentration.

This study aims to design microgels for controlled drug release via enzymatically generated pH changes in the presence of glucose. Modern medicine is focused on developing smart delivery systems with controlled release capabilities. In response to this demand, we present the synthesis, characterization, and enzymatically triggered drug release behavior of microgels based on poly(acrylic acid) modified with glucose oxidase (GOx) (p(AA-BIS)-GOx). TEM images revealed that the sizes of air-dried p(AA-BIS)-GOx microgels were approximately 130 nm. DLS measurements showed glucose-triggered microgel size changes upon glucose addition, which depended on buffer concentration. Enzymatically triggered drug release experiments using doxorubicin-loaded microgels with immobilized GOx demonstrated that drug release is strongly dependent on glucose and buffer concentration. The highest differences in release triggered by 5 and 25 mM glucose were observed in HEPES buffer at concentrations of 3 and 9 mM. Under these conditions, 80 and 52% of DOX were released with 25 mM glucose, while 47 and 28% of DOX were released with 5 mM glucose. The interstitial glucose concentration in a tumor ranges from ∼15 to 50 mM. Normal fasting blood glucose levels are about 5.5 mM, and postprandial (2 h after a meal) glucose levels should be less than 7.8 mM. The obtained results highlight the microgel's potential for drug delivery using the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, where drug release is controlled by enzymatically generated pH changes in response to elevated glucose concentrations.

Extended photoperiods enhance the production and water treatment performance of algal-bacterial bioflocs from aquaculture wastewater

Reducing pollution and converting wastewater nutrients into useful biomass are major challenges of intensive aquaculture. We investigated the nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, nutrient composition, and microbial community of algal-bacterial bioflocs (ABBs) produced under glucose addition and different photoperiods. This biomass was used for aquaculture wastewater treatment for 18 days. ABBs produced under longer photoperiods were smaller and more numerous, which facilitated nitrogen recovery and reduced nitrogen loss. Additionally, nitrogen and phosphorus-metabolizing enzyme activities, as well as the activity of overall microorganisms were positively correlated with the light duration. The removal rates of COD (96.89 %), DTN (93.57 %), and DTP (93.67 %) from wastewater by ABBs were highest when the photoperiod was 16L:8D during the production period. Moreover, the crude protein content (41.77 ± 0.11 %) was highest under a photoperiod of 12L:12D, and the rich amino acid and fatty acid profile of the ABB under this photoperiod enhanced its utility as a feed additive for aquaculture species. The high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed a high abundance of Hydrogenophaga at the genus level, highlighting its denitrification capacity of ABBs under the 16L:8D photoperiod. Redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that photoperiod, as a key driver in the formation of microbial communities in ABBs, exerted a direct influence on water treatment efficiency and nutrient accumulation. This study provides new insights into the effects of photoperiod on the properties of ABBs, which has implications for the treatment and subsequent application of aquaculture wastewater.

Non-extractable residues of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in soil

Perand polyfluoroalkyl substances have gained increased attention due to their persistence, ubiquitous presence in the environment, and toxicity. We hypothesised that the formation of non-extractable residues [NER] occurs in soils and contributes to the overall persistence of these priority pollutants, and that NER formation is controlled by temperature. To test these hypotheses, we used 14C-labelled perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA] as target compound, added it to two arable soils (Cambisol, Luvisol), and incubated them at 10°C and 20°C in the dark. To support potential co-metabolic decomposition, some samples were additionally fed with glucose to enhance microbial activity. The PFOA residues were then sequentially extracted using 0.01 M CaCl2, followed by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with methanol or methanol/acetic acid after 0, 1, 3, 9, 30, 62, and 90 days of incubation. In addition, we monitored the release of 14C into the gas phase as well as [14C]-PFOA-NER after dry combustion and liquid scintillation counting. After 90 days, we found that the [14C]-PFOA content declined in the extraction order of CaCl2 ((bio)available fraction) > ASE (residual fraction) > NER > gas fraction), with most rapid changes occurring in the first 9 days of incubation. NER formation was different in the two soils and reached 5-9% of the applied amount in the Cambisol and Luvisol, respectively. Noteworthy the proportion of 14C-PFOA in the (bio)available fraction remained relatively stable over time at 56-62% of the applied amount, indicating the reversible transfer into this fraction from a bi-exponentially declining residual (ASE) pool. These dissipation patterns were neither influenced by temperature nor by the addition of glucose. We conclude that NER exist for PFOA, but that the majority of PFOA remains in (bio)available form, thus maintaining toxicity and mobility in soil for prolonged periods of time.

Genomic characterization and proteomic analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in response to lignin

This study examined the lignin degradation characteristics of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MN-13. Specifically, whole-genome sequencing and comparative proteomic analysis were performed to investigate the responses of the MN-13 strain to lignin. A maximum lignin removal of 38.0 % was achieved after 36 h of inoculation in mineral salt medium with 0.2 g/L alkaline lignin, under the following conditions: the carbon to nitrogen ratio C/N = 1/1; inoculum size 6 %; addition of glucose as an exogenous carbon source. When the MN-13 strain was inoculated into mineral salt medium with and without lignin, respectively, 831 differentially expressed proteins were identified, 404 of which were up-regulated and 427 were down-regulated. Enrichment analysis revealed that up-regulated proteins were associated with microbial metabolism in diverse environment, biosynthesis of amino acids, and pathways related to energy production, including carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, the TCA cycle etc. Genomic analysis revealed that the MN-13 strain possesses many ligninolytic enzymes and aromatics degradation pathway, including benzoate degradation and aminobenzoate degradation etc. Taken together, the proteomic and genomic analyses indicated that the meta-cleavage pathway of catechol, including benzoate degradation, etc., is the main lignin degradation pathway. These findings provide new insight into lignin degradation mediated by B. amyloliquefaciens.

Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles from RAFT dispersion polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of N-phenylacrylamide copolymerized with a boronic acid-substituted derivative

Boronic acid (BA) moieties confer a variety of stimuli-response properties upon polymers. PISA is the most efficient technique for the preparation of core–shell nanoparticles (NPs), however aqueous dispersion PISA of free BA-containing monomers is complicated by the formation of the boroxine anhydride at the hydrophobic core. In the present work, dispersion reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of a free BA-containing derivative of N-phenylacrylamide yields NP morphologies which are different to those formed from the equivalent PISA homopolymerization without BA. Depending on conditions, PISA results in spheres, rods, and worms with colloidal stability improved by using a higher fraction of the non-stimuli responsive monomer to give large compound micelles. Post-polymerization stimuli-response from the resultant PISA dispersion through hydrolysis of boroxine-rich copolymer NPs by dilution with the aqueous dispersion solvent or with water yields micron-sized worms, lamellae, and vesicles. Self-assembly to higher order morphologies is driven by the extent of hydrolysis. The resultant free BA-containing NPs becoming smaller and spherical upon basification and glucose addition.

Optimizing Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation for Enhanced Summer and Autumn Tea Quality

The level of consumption of summer tea is a problem in the development of China’s tea industry. Current strategies to enhance the quality of summer and autumn teas primarily target the cultivation environment, with less emphasis on processing improvements. This study aimed to optimize the fermentation parameters to impact the quality of summer and autumn teas. We screened four strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) suitable for tea fermentation and determined their optimal mix. This optimized blend was applied to ferment summer and autumn teas. Through single-factor experiments, we evaluated the impact of various processing parameters, including the fixation method, rolling degree, inoculation amount, glucose concentration, fermentation temperature, and fermentation duration, on LAB growth and tea quality. The optimal processing conditions were established as microwave fixation, heavy rolling, an inoculation rate of 1.8% LAB, glucose addition at 8.8%, and fermentation at 36.5 °C for five days. Analysis revealed that the fermentation process significantly reduced the levels of polyphenols and ester-type catechins, which are associated with astringency and bitterness while enhancing the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Specifically, after five days, polyphenol content decreased by 26.89%, and GABA levels increased from 0.051 mg/g to 0.126 mg/g. The predominant aroma compounds in the fermented tea were alcohols with floral and fruity scents, constituting 54.63% of the total aroma profile. This research presents a methodical approach to reduce the astringency and bitterness of summer and autumn teas while concurrently increasing GABA levels.

Deciphering the active bacteria involving glucose-triggered priming effect in soils with gradient N inputs

The soil priming effect, which refers to the alteration of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition due to labile carbon (C) inputs, is widely acknowledged for its impact on C storage in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the impact of chronic nitrogen (N) fertilizer on soil priming effect, particularly in agroecological systems, remains unclear. Here, we utilized soils subjected to varying levels of N fertilization (0, 140, 280, 470, and 660 kg N ha−1 y−1), which were collected from a long-term experimental site. Enzyme activity related to C, N, and phosphorus (P) acquisition was measured using the fluorometric method. Additionally, DNA-based stable isotope probing with 13C-labeled glucose was conducted to explore the role of active bacterial communities (16S rRNA gene analysis) on the priming effect in soils with different N fertilization histories. Glucose addition enhanced the decomposition of native SOM and induced positive priming effects in all soils, which were amplified by the historical N application level. Activity of C-related enzymes essential for soil C decomposition increased following glucose addition, which was positively correlated with the soil priming effect. Active bacterial taxa, primarily Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, were capable of assimilating exogenous glucose-C or native SOM-C. Notably, bacteria assimilating glucose exhibited higher abundance-weighted average ribosomal RNA gene operon copy number than those assimilating SOM, indicating the role of r-strategists in accelerating SOC turnover and increasing C loss. These findings highlight the role of active microbial community attributes on the soil priming effects. This study provides new insights into the intricate processes of C transformation in soils subjected to long-term N management in agroecosystems.

Determination of beneficial effects of cuminaldehyde on hyperglycemiaassociated kidney malfunctions.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is defined by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, with diabetic nephropathy being a significant consequence. Recently, cuminaldehyde has been shown protective ability against various pathophysiology. However, its nephroprotective and anti-diabetic potential has not yet been fully understood. We, therefore, conducted the present study to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic potential of cuminaldehyde in NRK52E cells without (control) or with high glucose medium to emulate hyperglycemic conditions. Cuminaldehyde pre-treatment at an optimal concentration of 175μM prior to high glucose addition restricted excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and maintained cellular morphology to almost normal. The inhibitor study using N-acetyl-l-cysteine confirmed that blocking of ROS assists NRK52E cells in evading apoptosis. In addition, hyperglycemia was induced in 6-week-old Swiss albino mice in this investigation through the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (150mgkg-1 body weight). Hyperglycemia increased the kidney-to-body weight ratio, lowered serum insulin levels, and led to significant renal tissue damage compared to control mice. Moreover, hyperglycemia disturbs cellular redox equilibrium by decreasing antioxidant enzyme functions and promoting inflammatory cytokines in kidney tissue. Administering cuminaldehyde at a dosage of 10mgkg-1 body weight for 5weeks daily after the onset of diabetes effectively ameliorated the aforementioned anomalies and reversed kidney damage by regulating inflammation-induced cell death. Overall, the research demonstrated that cuminaldehyde has hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. We believe that after conducting extensive research, this unique molecule can be used in clinical trials against diabetic nephropathy in future.

Effect of Glucose Addition on Physical Characteristics of Edible Film from Kappa-Carrageenan Using Sorbitol Plasticizer

The development of increasingly advanced food technology has resulted in various new food product innovations, one example of which is edible film. Edible films can be made from polysaccharides such as kappa carrageenan with the addition of sorbitol and glucose plasticizers to improve their physical characteristics. This research aims to determine the effect of adding glucose on the physical properties of edible film from kappa carrageenan and sorbitol plasticizer. The research carried out was experimental using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. Treatment consisted of glucose concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Data analysis used ANOVA, then continued with the DMRT test. The research results prove that glucose has a significant effect (p<0.05) on the physical characteristics of edible film. Optimal results were found at a glucose concentration of 0.5%, with a thickness value of 0.0972 mm, water vapor transmission rate of 3.319 g/m2/day, tensile strength of 3.2648 MPa, and elongation of 22.34%.

Rapid Responses of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Microbial Communities to Carbon and Nitrogen Addition in Sediments.

Massive labile carbon and nitrogen inputs into lakes change greenhouse gas emissions. However, the rapid driving mechanism from eutrophic and swampy lakes is not fully understood and is usually contradictory. Thus, we launched a short-term and anaerobic incubation experiment to explore the response of greenhouse gas emissions and microbial communities to glucose and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) inputs. Glucose addition significantly increased CH4 and CO2 emissions and decreased N2O emissions, but there were no significant differences. NO3--N addition significantly promoted N2O emissions but reduced CH4 accumulative amounts, similar to the results of the Tax4Fun prediction. Bacterial relative abundance changed after glucose addition and coupled with the abundance of denitrification genes (nirS and nirK) decreased while maintaining a negative impact on N2O emissions, considerably increasing methanogenic bacteria (mcrA1) while maintaining a positive impact on CH4 emissions. Structural equation modeling showed that glucose and NO3--N addition directly affected MBC content and greenhouse gas emissions. Further, MBC content was significantly negative with nirS and nirK, and positive with mcrA1. These results significantly deepen the current understanding of the relationships between labial carbon, nitrogen, and greenhouse emissions, further highlighting that labile carbon input is the primary factor driving greenhouse gas emissions from eutrophic shallow lakes.

Genetic and molecular characterization of fit95 mutation of Escherichia coli: evidence that fit95 is an allele of pheT.

The originally identified transcription-defective fitA76 temperature-sensitive (Ts) mutation defined an allele of pheS. Both fitA/pheS and fitB/pheT were previously proposed to function as transcription factors. Sequencing pheS region of the fitA76 mutant revealed the same G293→A293 transition found in the translation-defective pheS5 mutant. It was subsequently found that fitA76 harbored a second mutation (fit95) in addition to pheS5 mutation. The fit95 was found to be Ts on -salt media but was found unstable. In this investigation, genetic, physiological and molecular characterization of the fit95 mutation was carried out. The fit95 was genetically re-separated from the pheS5 mutation present in the fitA76 mutant and the same was subsequently mobilized into multiple genetic backgrounds to study its phenotypic modulations by altering the medium and supplements. Based on genetic studies, the unstable -salt Ts phenotype of the fit95 could be stabilized by the presence of rpoB201 mutation. Addition of glucose enhanced Ts phenotype in the presence of rpoB201 mutation, but citrate completely alleviated the Ts phenotype. Further, by series of complementation analyses and molecular cloning, the identity of fit95 was revealed as pheT gene which is part of pheST operon.

Different organic carbon sources affect microalgal growth and extracellular polymeric substances synthesis to trigger biomass flocculation process

The addition of organic carbon sources into the culture medium represents an effective strategy for microalgae cultivation. However, its influence on the subsequent flocculation process remains poorly understood. In this study, four representative organic carbon sources were supplemented to microalgal cultures with the aim of evaluating their potential to enhance biomass accumulation, optimize fatty acid composition and improve phototolerance. The results demonstrated that the addition of ethanol, sodium acetate, glucose and fructose to the cultures resulted in extracellular protein contents of 90.9, 125.7, 67.5 and 46.0 mg/g, respectively, compared to 36.8 mg/g observed in the control culture with pure BG-11 medium. The addition of organic carbon sources led to alterations in protein content and the composition ratio of charged groups within the extracellular polymeric substances of microalgae, which in turn influenced the flocculation process. This study provides valuable insights into the selection of appropriate organic carbon sources for promoting microalgal growth and clarifies the flocculation mechanisms under various carbon utilization strategies.

Unveiling the Influences of In Situ Carbon Content on the Structure and Electrochemical Properties of MoS2/C Composites.

In this work, a MoS2/C heterostructure was designed and prepared through an in situ composite method. The introduction of carbon during the synthesis process altered the morphology and size of MoS2, resulting in a reduction in the size of the flower-like structures. Further, by varying the carbon content, a series of characterization methods were employed to study the structure and electrochemical lithium storage performance of the composites, revealing the effect of carbon content on the morphology, structure characteristics, and electrochemical performance of MoS2/C composites. The experimental setup included three sample groups: MCS, MCM, and MCL, with glucose additions of 0.24 g, 0.48 g, and 0.96 g, respectively. With increasing carbon content, the size of MoS2 initially decreases, then increases. Among these, the MCM sample exhibits the optimal structure, characterized by smaller MoS2 dimensions with less variation. The electrochemical results showed that MCM exhibited excellent electrochemical lithium storage performance, with reversible specific capacities of 956.8, 767.4, 646.1, and 561.4 mAh/g after 10 cycles at 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mA/g, respectively.