Addition Of Glass Powder Research Articles

In Vitro Evaluation of Electrospun PCL Bioscaffold with Zinc-Doped Bioactive Glass Powder Addition.

Preparing electrospun fibers by applying a potential difference between a polymeric solution and a contacting substrate is increasingly attracting attention in tissue engineering applications. Among the numerous polymers, polycaprolactone (PCL) bioscaffold has been widely investigated due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Bioactive powder can be added to further improve its performance. In the present study, bioactive glass powder modified by adding 0-6 wt.% antibacterial zinc element (coded as ZBG) was prepared through the sol-gel process. Furthermore, PCL bioscaffolds with various ZBG additions were prepared using the electrospinning technique. The zinc-doped bioactive glass powder and electrospun PCL/ZBG bioscaffolds were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to determine their structural properties. Additionally, in vitro bioactivity, biocompatibility and antibacterial performance were investigated. Experimental results showed that sol-gelled ZBG powder possessed superior bioactivity and 0.8 g ZBG was the optimal addition to prepare PCL/ZBG bioscaffolds with. All the electrospun PCL/ZBG bioscaffolds were biocompatible and their antibacterial performance against two S. aureus strains (SA133 and Newman) improved with increasing zinc concentration. Electrospun PCL/ZBG bioscaffolds exhibited excellent bioactivity and have great potential for biomedical application.

Optimization of Glass-Powder-Reinforced Recycled High-Density Polyethylene (rHDPE) Filament for Additive Manufacturing: Transforming Bottle Caps into Sound-Absorbing Material.

Additive manufacturing presents promising potential as a sustainable processing technology, notably through integrating post-consumer recycled polymers into production. This study investigated the recycling of high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) into 3D printing filament, achieved by the following optimal extrusion parameters: 180 °C temperature, 7 rpm speed, and 10% glass powder addition. The properties of the developed rHDPE filament were compared with those of commonly used FDM filaments such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) to benchmark the performance of rHDPE against well-established materials in the 3D printing industry, providing a practical perspective for potential users. The resulting filament boasted an average tensile strength of 25.52 MPa, slightly exceeding ABS (25.41 MPa) and comparable to PLA (28.55 MPa). Despite diameter fluctuations, the filament proved usable in 3D printing. Mechanical tests compared the rHPDE filament 3D printed objects with ABS and PLA, showing lower strength but exceptional ductility and flexibility, along with superior sound absorption. A life cycle analysis underscored the sustainability advantages of rHDPE, reducing environmental impact compared to conventional disposal methods. While rHDPE falls behind in mechanical strength against virgin filaments, its unique attributes and sustainability position it as a valuable option for 3D printing, showcasing recycled materials' potential in sustainable innovation.

Characteristics of composite briquettes produced from carbonized banana peels and waste glass

Briquettes made from carbonized agricultural residues present sustainable material alternatives to wood charcoal and firewood for commercial and industrial applications. However, these briquettes are plagued by property weaknesses including low drop strength and thermal efficiency. Therefore, this study focuses on enhancing the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of composite briquettes produced from carbonized banana peels and waste glass. Composite briquettes comprised of banana peels biochar and waste glass powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) were developed, characterized, and evaluated using thermo-gravimetric analysis and bomb calorimetry to determine thermo-physical properties and higher heating values, respectively. The thermal efficiency and emissions (CO, CO2, and PM2.5) were assessed using the water boiling test and an emissions monitoring system. Proximate analysis revealed that moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of the developed briquettes ranged from 2.5 to 9.7%, 19.2 to 37.2%, 28.7 to 55.6%, and 7.2 to 44.9%, respectively. Drop strength for the briquettes was 84% without waste glass in the composite, increasing to 94–98% with waste glass included in the composite matrix. Higher heating values ranged from 20.1 to 35.8 MJ/kg. Thermal efficiency rose from 22% with no waste glass powder to 40% with 50% waste glass powder addition, while CO and CO2 emissions decreased from 41 to 11 ppm; and 50 to 15 ppm, respectively. PM2.5 remained constant across all banana peel biochar waste glass composites. Notably, even a modest 10% waste glass composition significantly improved drop strength and thermal efficiency, but higher waste glass percentages correlated with elevated ash values and reduced higher heating values. Therefore, the developed composite briquettes can be used in commercial and industrial applications including in some industrial boilers.

High temperature-resistance modification of the magnesium phosphate inorganic adhesive and its bond properties between CFRP sheets and concrete

The carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP)-strengthened concrete structures are faced with the great threat of fire due to the vulnerability of the epoxy organic adhesive to high temperature. The traditional epoxy organic adhesives are thus urgently needed to be replaced by the alternatives with high-temperature resistance. This paper explored the feasibility of using magnesium phosphate inorganic adhesive (MPIA) to serve as the bonding material for the CFRP-strengthened concrete structures. To this end, the high-temperature resistance modification of MPIA was conducted through the addition of glass powder (GP) in this study. The effects of the GP content ranging from 0% to 15% on the temperature development, mechanical property degradation, phase evolution and microstructural characteristics of the MPIA after exposure to different temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the glass powder could effectively fill the pores caused by the decomposition of the hydration products and the cracks caused by the shrinkage of MPIA matrix at elevated temperatures, which improved the microstructure of MPIA significantly and thus alleviated its strength degradation under high temperature. In terms of the mechanical properties, the MPIA with 10% GP (hereinafter referred to as TRMPIA) yielded the best high-temperature resistance. In addition, the interfacial bond property test after high temperature was also conducted on the concrete members strengthened with the CFRP sheets pasted by TRMPIA, and the test results were also compared with the specimens with epoxy served as the bonding material. The results showed that even after exposure to 600°C, the in-plane shear strength of TRMPIA still remained 14.0% of that at room temperature, while the bond strength of epoxy had been completely lost, which highlighted the advantage of high-temperature resistance of the modified MPIA served as the bonding material of CFRP-strengthened concrete structures.

Pemanfaatan Serbuk Kaca Sebagai Peningkatan Waterproofing pada Bahan Tambah Cat

In the construction of a project, walls account for approximately 20% - 40% of the total budget. Wall works are considered costly as they involve various tasks such as brick installation, plastering, rendering, and painting. Nowadays, the use of paint is widespread in line with the development of construction projects in Indonesia. Paint utilization has been extensively developed with various innovations, one of which is waterproofing paint that can protect surfaces from water or moisture. By adding a special ingredient to the paint to enhance its waterproofing properties, wall paint becomes more resistant to rain exposure over time. Therefore, the addition of glass powder to the paint mixture is needed to increase the waterproofing level because glass powder has nonporous characteristics, meaning it does not easily absorb or retain water. The objective of this research is to determine the water resistance of paint with the addition of glass powder at levels of 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, and 10% in each 1 kg paint sample. The most optimum paint formulation is achieved by adding a 10% glass powder content, resulting in water leakage test of 0 mL, adhesion test of 5A, water absorption of 6.587%, specific gravity of 2.092 g/mL, coverage of 5.553 m²/Kg, and drying time of 4 minutes. This study aims to contribute to the development of high waterproofing wall paint that is also environmentally friendly.

COMPRESSIVE AND BENDING STRENGTH OF CHAMBO ARTISANAL BRICKS WITH ADDITION OF RECYCLED GLASS POWDER

This article describes the main findings obtained when implementing recycled glass powder as an ingredient in the production of artisanal bricks in the Chambo canton, with the aim of improving their mechanical properties. The characterization of the brick's raw material (soil and ash) was carried out, followed by the fabrication of bricks with the addition of glass powder (PV), using the artisanal procedure with only the modification of adding glass powder to the mixture. The results indicate that the soil used as the main raw material is classified, according to the SUCS methodology, as a well-graded sand with silt (SW-SM). Modified bricks with glass powder show up to 240% compressive strength and 220% flexural strength capability compared to traditional bricks when using 8% to 12% glass powder dosage in the mixture. Additionally, both traditional and modified bricks exhibit a water absorption percentage between 25% and 26%. The procedures, as well as the interpretation and contrast of the results, are based on the guidelines established by the Ecuadorian Institute of Standardization (INEN).

Improved oxidation resistance while maintaining slag corrosion resistance of MgO–SiC–C refractories with moderate amounts of liquid phase

AbstractMgO–SiC–C refractories with superior hot strength, oxidation resistance and slag resistance have potential to become substitute refractories for matte smelting furnace. In the present work, the influence of glass powder addition on phase compositions, hot strength, oxidation resistance, and slag resistance of MgO–SiC–C refractories was investigated. The liquid phase introduced by glass powder filled the pores, blocking the channel for the ingress of the oxygen and thus improving the oxidation resistance. Although the oxidation resistance of such refractories was improved with 1–3 wt% glass powder addition, their hot strength and slag corrosion resistance decreased when the glass powder content was 2–3 wt%. To balance the mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and slag resistance, low amount glass powder addition (1 wt%) was considered better choice.

Harnessing waste glass powder for soil modification

The challenge posed by weak soil, characterized by low bearing capacity and shear strength, is significant in civil engineering, impacting road construction, structural foundations, and irrigation systems. Recycling non-biodegradable waste, especially glass waste, presents a promising solution for environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness in construction. This study aims to improve the geotechnical properties of weak soils by stabilizing them with Waste Glass Powder (WGP) and exploring novel construction applications. The experimental investigations determined the optimal incorporation of glass powder into soil samples, ranging from 2% to 10% by dry weight. Geotechnical tests, including sieving analysis, Atterberg limits determination, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests, and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) assessments, were conducted to assess the effect of glass powder addition. At a 10% glass powder content, the Plasticity Limit (PL), Liquid Limit (LL), and Plasticity Index (PI) were 18.4%, 33.9%, and 15.5%, respectively. The addition of glass powder significantly improved CBR values, reaching peaks of 10.5% (soaked CBR) and 22.3% (unsoaked CBR). Moreover, UCS increased to 135.6 kN/m2 with 8% glass powder, decreasing slightly to 120.8 kN/m2 with 10% glass powder. These findings highlight waste glass as a viable additive for enhancing the engineering properties of weak soils, promoting sustainable construction practices.

MECHANICALS PROPERTIES OF MORTARS BASED ON GLASS WASTE AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR CEMENT

The various activities of man continuously generate countless quantities of waste (plastics, glass, wood, domestic waste, etc.), a significant proportion of which inevitably ends up in inappropriate landfill sites. Since the beginning of the 21st century, many materials have been recycled. The present study is part of this recycling effort, with the aim of using construction waste to reduce the environmental footprint of cement. An experimental campaign was carried out to assess the effect on the physico-mechanical properties of mortars to which recovered and finely ground glass powder was added. Cement CEM II 32.5 R was substituted by glass powder in proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20 %. The water/cement ratio was set at 0.26 to ensure consistency and set time, while a W/C ratio of 0.5 was used for the manufacture of mortars subjected to compression and bending tests. The results were compared with those obtained with the reference mortar. Maximum optimum strength was obtained at a dosage of 20 %. These comparisons show that the addition of glass powder has a beneficial effect on the mechanical and physical characteristics of the various mortars studied. This is a promising application for this waste, which still needs to be confirmed by further testing.

Experimental study on fiber reinforced concrete using PVA fiber and glass powder

Right now, the construction business is experiencing significant upheaval. A number of materials are being tried to increase the quality, strength, standard, and overall durability of building work. Based on this knowledge, concrete strength augmentation studies are carried out. Despite certain modifications in the amount of M20-grade concrete, some percentile adjustments have revealed considerable differences in the strength of the concrete. Glass powder has replaced 15% of the aggregate's total weight. Plastiser is also used to boost strength while decreasing water consumption. A variety of tests, including impact testing, water absorption, and sieve analysis, are used. In this case, the critical component, PVA fibre, was employed to test the workability of the concrete in its presence. The inclusion of extra PVA fibre in 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% amounts greatly increases the strength of the concrete block. Furthermore, the fibre component of PVA assists in the prevention of block crack development. The results of the trials show that the addition of glass powder to concrete increases the strength of the block. Furthermore, the inclusion of PVA fibre in concrete postpones its early collapse. The wider fissures caused by traditional procedures are fully reduced by introducing PVA into the concrete block. At the end, positive results are obtained.

Influence of glass powder silica fume and scrapped ceramic waste on the mechanical properties of concrete

Carbon dioxide emissions from cement manufacture have a substantial environmental effect. The massive energy usage in the cement manufacturing process is also an issue. India is dealing with a major energy problem. Cement prices are rising on a daily basis. Furthermore, the usage of waste for the disposal and recovery of natural concrete components might harm the environment. Using trash not only decreases cement production and hence energy consumption, but it also helps to safeguard the environment. The goal of this study is to investigate the characteristics of concrete utilizing silica fume as a partial substitute for cement and glass powder in lieu of fine aggregate. These waste materials were used to replace some of the cement in the concrete samples, and their compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths were assessed. According to the results, the addition of glass powder and silica fume improves the mechanical qualities of the concrete, but the addition of discarded ceramic waste has the reverse impact. Furthermore, the combination of glass powder and silica fume outperformed each waste item alone. The trials were carried out using Concrete Mix M40, which had been modified by substituting 40% of the coarse aggregate with waste ceramic aggregate, 20% of the fine aggregate with glass powder, and 10% of the cement with silica fume cement. Following tests of the concrete's compressive, split, and flexural strengths at 7, 28, and 28 days, the appropriate replacement dose was considered. The load-bearing capability of the beams is approximately the same as that of conventional beams throughout the board for the 20% replacement levels applied. The research comes to the conclusion that natural coarse aggregate may be used in place of scrapped ceramic aggregates (SCA) in concrete. Other beam specimens and typical beam specimens (CM) deflected more with load than a beam specimen with 10% SF, 20% GP, and 10% SCA. Modern technology allows for the production of lightweight, high-strength concrete at a low cost. When compared to CA, SCA lowered aggregate weight.

Advanced properties and failure characteristics of hybrid GFRP-matrix thin laminates modified by micro glass powder filler for hard structure applications

Fiber reinforced polymer has been used in a broad scope of engineering equipment due to its outstanding advantages. This study investigated the effect of glass powder filler in the matrix modification of glass fiber reinforced polymer that can be further applied for hard structures. The composites were manufactured using a vacuum-assisted resin infusion method with 0, 2,5, 5, and 7,5 wt percentages of glass powder filler. The results have shown that adding glass powder filler in glass fiber reinforced polymer modifies the physical characteristics and enhances the mechanical properties compared to the neat composite. The failure mechanism obtained from the fracture surface investigation demonstrates bridging mechanisms formed effect of glass powder filler addition in the glass fiber reinforced polymer. The strengthening mechanism is formed to enhance the interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix. The results reveal the optimum filler addition percentage at 2,5 wt%. Adding 2,5 wt% glass powder filler enhances the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength by 18,86% and 19,54%, respectively. The glass powder addition offers higher resistance to interlaminar damage. Additional glass powder with a higher weight percentage above the threshold induced microvoid and agglomeration phenomenon.

Analysis of manufacturing and material parameters in 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts filled with glass powder: mechanical, economic, and environmental assessment

This study investigates the influence of the addition of glass powder, nozzle size, and infill density on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) pieces. To do so, a factorial design of experiments was accomplished. The specimens were tested under tensile and bending conditions. Regression equations were extracted from the maximal strength, strain at maximal strength and modulus, and an analysis of the significance of the terms was carried out. All the factors influence the output variables, independently and in combination. As for the environmental impact, a cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis (LCA) of the printing material with different glass powder additions, including the manufacturing process and transportation of the raw materials, was performed. Additionally, a cost assessment of each alternative was calculated for each case. Since the concurrence of mechanical, environmental, and cost performance is needed to enter a new product in the industry, a multicriteria decision-making analysis was performed to select the best combination. The criteria considered were the material and printing costs and the environmental impact, all normalized with maximal strength. Two different alternatives were found to be the best solution depending on the strength selected. Both of them were printed using a 1.2-mm nozzle with 100% infill and different glass percentages.

Microstructure and Permeability of Concrete with Glass Powder Addition Preserved in the Sulphatic Environment

Microstructure and Permeability of Concrete with Glass Powder Addition Preserved in the Sulphatic Environment

Addition of Glass Powder to Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Based on MgO Brick

Addition of Glass Powder to Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement Based on MgO Brick

Experimental Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Based on Glass-Powder

Abstract Annually, there is an enormous amount of glass waste created worldwide, yet only a small portion of that material is recycled. Recovering waste glass (WG) in concrete demonstrates excellent progress in lowering the amount of glass. Researchers have found that adding waste glass to concrete improves its qualities; WG can be utilized as powder, fine as well as coarse aggregate. However, the question that arises is how this powder added to concrete improves, or at least maintains, the mechanical properties of the concrete despite the reduction in the cement quantity. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the behavior of concrete with the addition of glass powder. For this purpose, a control concrete and concretes were prepared with 10%, 15% and 20% of the cement content of the glass powder, based on the same concrete formulation and by varying the W/C ratio. In the hardened state, the addition of glass powder up to 20% of the cement content, generated an increase in compressive strength at 28 days; this increase is caused by the reaction between the glass powder and the lime released during the hydration of Portland cement and creates a binder called hydrated calcium silicate (S-C-H) (pozzolanic reaction). The latter plays an important role in increasing the strength of concrete, and since the fineness of the glass powder is similar to that of cement, it has a role of filling, and accelerates the pozzolanic reaction. For an addition of 20% to 30% of pozzolan, theoretically we could react all the lime produced by the hydration of Portland cement. Therefore, beyond 25% or 30% of the glass powder, the strength is affected, which has been confirmed by many researchers. Finally, it can be concluded that the use of glass powder in concrete improves its mechanical behavior compared to ordinary condition, but with a limited percentage of 20% of the cement content.

Spectroscopic and Imaging Analyses on Easel Paintings by Giovanni Santi

The most important painter from Urbino in the last decades of the 15th century (1439 ab.–1494) was Giovanni Santi, the father of Raphael. The lack of scientific literature about Santi’s practice and the possible peculiar role of Urbino in the development of painting techniques in northern Italy suggested in-depth investigations of the entire corpus of his paintings. A well-established sequence of multispectral imaging, spectroscopic and microscopic investigations was performed on 24 wood panel paintings and 2 canvases attributed by most scholars to Giovanni Santi (1439 ab.–1494) to collect a large set of significant data. This systematic research allowed his painting technique to be defined, starting from the type of supports he used and from the features of the underdrawing, which quite frequently included characteristic regular hatching. The pigments used were widely investigated by means of ED-XRF and reflectance spectroscopy (vis-RS); a meaningful multivariate statistical method (PCA and HCA analysis) was also applied to the ED-XRF dataset acquired for representative hues. In particular, the vis-RS technique proved to be a simple and effective diagnostic tool to detect many pigments, including indigo, and to distinguish between two different types of red lakes, avoiding sampling and more complex analyses. Santi used lead white, Fe-Mn-based pigments, vermilion, red lake, natural blue ultramarine, azurite, copper-based green pigments (particularly verdigris), lead-tin yellow, scarcely ever orpiment and, in a few green mixtures, also indigo. Despite the palette being linked to tradition, the master appeared to introduce some peculiarities, such as the addition of glass powder, and mixing pigments both in a traditional way and using them to create chromatic effects unusual for his time. This research confirmed that the systematic use of the integrated non-invasive methods is highly representative, and the results of this wide diagnostic campaign provided a significant dataset which allowed the implementation of a scientific database related to central Italy Renaissance paintings and materials.

Performance of glass powder as bitumen modifier in hot mix asphalt

The disposal of glass bottles in landfills has been an ongoing global environmental issue that is yet to be resolved. Using discarded glass in the asphalt mixture may assist in easing the strain on environmental authorities. In this experiment, the discarded glass bottle was repurposed to create glass powder, which was subsequently used as a potential modifier material in an asphalt binder. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of modified asphalt binders that incorporate glass powder from waste glass bottles. The asphalt binder with a 60/70 penetration grade was used. Bitumen was mixed with varying percentages of glass powder (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%). The characteristics evaluation using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), softening point, penetration test, penetration index, and Marshall tests were performed. The main oxide group found in glass powder was contributed by silicon oxide (SiO2). The FESEM morphology analysis showed that the glass powder texture was dense, compact, and contained high contents of Silica (Si) and Oxygen (O) forming silicon dioxide (SiO2). Results showed that adding 2% and 4% of glass powder to bitumen lowered the bitumen's softening point and increased its heating loss compared to the unmodified sample. The Marshall stability of the asphalt mixture was significantly improved with the addition of glass powder.

Strength development and microcosmic mechanism of waste glass powder cement mortar

In this article, the strength characteristics of the cement mortar with waste glass powder of different size and content at different ages were studied. The mechanism of strength development was analysed from the microstructure of mortar specimens based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electronic dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the compressive strength and flexural strength of the mortar specimens increase significantly with a higher age. There is an optimal content of glass powder corresponding to the maximum strength. The glass powder of smaller particle size clearly promotes the development of compressive strength and flexural strength in the mortar specimens. It is found from SEM-EDS that glass cement mortar has a larger amount of internal hydration products and higher density compared with ordinary cement mortar. The density of cement mortar incorporating 15 wt% glass powder increases gradually with the decrease of glass particle size. The hydration products and compactness of the cement mortar adding 200–500 mesh glass powder experience an increase and then a decrease with a rise in the glass content. The strength enhancement with the addition of glass powder are mainly attributed to the microaggregate filling effect and pozzolanic effect of the glass powder, as well as to changes in the interfacial transition zone.

An experimental investigation on enhancing the strength and stiffness of GFRP co-cured composite joint: effect of glass powder addition

Co-cure adhesive joints are preferred by various industries, namely, automobile, marine and aerospace, to join two surfaces in structural applications, as a useful replacement for mechanical fastenings. The present work focusses on the mechanical properties and free vibration behaviour of co-cured glass fiber compositesreinforced with glass powder. In the course of the experimentation, the adhesive is being reinforced concurrently with glass powder in four different weight percentages, such as 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The mechanical testing results reveal that the addition of 1.5% of glass powder to the epoxy could relatively help in increasing the tensile strength and flexural strength of the co-cured glass fiber composites respectively to the degree of 11.68% (364.29 Mpa) and 24.75% (256.16 Mpa). The Single lap shear results show that the 0.5% glass powder reinforcement significantly increases the shear strength of the cocured glass fiber composites by 20.91% (19.31 Mpa). Furthermore, the free vibrational study of 1.5% co-cured composites shows that they have a higher fundamental natural frequency than the glass powder reinforced co-cured composites that have a lower weight percentage. Furthermore, the addition of glass powder to the co-cured composites helps in increasing the damping factor of the composites due to the glass powder agglomeration. Neat and glass powder reinforced co-cured samples are further analysed afterwards, using the mechanical and shear test by scanning electron microscopy.