Addition Of Ethanolamine Research Articles

Ultrafast synthesis of K cations inserted birnessite-type MnO2 electrode in ethanolamine based deep eutectic solvents with improved supercapacitor performance

Specific capacitance of energy storage devices depends on the electrode materials and various manganese oxides have recently been developed and attracted much attention due to their superior electrochemical performance with high capacitance, energy density, and cyclic stability. Herein, K cations inserted birnessite-type MnO2 was ultrafast synthesized by a facile room temperature wetchemical method under ethanolamine based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), where monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine, and triethanolamine were used as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and choline chloride (ChCl) was acted as hydrogen bond acceptor. The results indicate that K+ can be pre-inserted into the layers of birnessite-type MnO2 during the preparation process by the addition of ethanolamine based DESs. The morphology, crystallinity, and porosity of manganese oxides can be effectively adjusted by changed types of HBD in the DESs. The mesoporous granular K+ pre-inserted birnessite-type MnO2 prepared in [ChCl:2MEA] (MnOx-CM) with a high specific surface area of 220 m2/g and electrical conductivity exhibits the best electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance of 290 F/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g. The pre-inserted K+ ions participating in the redox process of birnessite-type MnO2 can efficiently improve the electrochemical energy storage and cycling stability. Thus, the MnOx-CM can still maintain 92.5% capacity retention after 8000 cycles.

Rapid and colorimetric evaluation of G-series nerve agents and simulants using the squaraine-ethanolamine adducts

High toxicity and reactivity of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have attracted increasing demand of reliable detection methods for countering terrorism. Herein, we report a chemical approach based on the squaraine-ethanolamine (SQ-ETA) adducts for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of the G-series nerve agents and simulants in aqueous media. Present strategy features the merits of obvious turn-on response and colorimetric mode upon the presence of certain analytes. Possible sensing mechanism was the nucleophilic addition of ethanolamine toward the central SQ core to generate a SQ-ETA adduct firstly, supported by the additional NMR and MS characterizations. And special binding affinity of the G-series nerve agents and simulants to the hydroxyl groups in the SQ-ETA adducts thus recover the original SQs (SQOH and SQPY), endowing distinguishable colorless-to-blue change. The detection limits for diethyl chlorophosphate and diethyl cyanophosphonate were determined from the SQOH-ETA system to be 3.5 and 36.0 μM, respectively. In addition, the obtained adducts were further utilized to detect real G-series nerve agents including sarin (GB) and soman (GD), confirming the strategy suitable for on-site detection. In conjunction with smartphone-based analytical methodology, proper correlation between the RGB changes and substance concentrations was founded. Present successful trials inspire the semi-quantitative evaluation of G-series nerve agents with high accuracy and relative simplicity, implying great potential in detecting CWAs.

Type II phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is crucial for the growth and morphogenesis of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans

Phosphatidylserine decarboxylases (PSDs) catalyze the production of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from phosphatidylserine (PS) and are crucial for the maintenance of PE levels in fungi. The PSDs are classified into two types; the type I PSDs are conserved from bacteria to humans, while the type II PSDs exist only in fungi and plants. In yeasts, the deletion of type I PSD-encoding genes causes severe growth retardation. In contrast, the deletion of type II PSD-encoding genes has little or no effect. In this study, we found four genes encoding type II PSD orthologs in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans; these included psdB, psdC, psdD, and psdE. Deletion of psdB caused severe growth defects on minimal medium and these defects were partially restored by the addition of ethanolamine, choline, PE, or phosphatidylcholine into the medium. The conidiation efficiency of the psdB deletion mutant was dramatically decreased and its conidiophore structures were aberrant. In the psdB deletion mutant, the PE content decreased while the PS content increased. We further showed that PsdB had a major PSD activity. Our findings suggest that the type II PSDs exert important roles in the phospholipid homeostasis, and in the growth and morphogenesis of filamentous fungi.

Evaluation of octadecylamine for the corrosion inhibition of Incoloy 800

ABSTRACT Indian pressurised heavy water reactors use Incoloy 800 for steam generators. The pH is maintained alkaline to check corrosion in secondary circuit by the addition of Ethanolamine (ETA). Effect of octadecylamine (ODA) for further reduction of corrosion is investigated. Incoloy was exposed to both steam and liquid phases at 200°C in an autoclave for 7 days. Concentration of ETA was kept constant at 6 ppm and that of ODA was varied from 6 ppm to 20 ppm. The film grown in liquid phase was thinner and enriched with Cr, while the film grown in steam phase had larger particles and mixed-ferrite in nature. Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy studies suggested the presence of a barrier film under both liquid and steam phase oxidation. The addition of ODA was comparatively more beneficial in liquid phase. The study showed that ODA is a promising amine to inhibit the corrosion of Incoloy 800 in secondary water chemistry conditions.

Adsorption of Fatty Acid Molecules on Amine-Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles: Surface Organization and Foam Stability.

The crucial roles of the ionization state and counterion presence on the phase behavior of fatty acid in aqueous solutions are well-established. However, the effects of counterions on the adsorption and morphological state of fatty acid on nanoparticle surfaces are largely unknown. This knowledge gap exists due to the high complexity of the interactions between nanoparticles, counterions, and fatty acid molecules in aqueous solution. In this study, we use adsorption isotherms, small angle neutron scattering, and all-atom molecular dynamic simulations to investigate the effect of addition of ethanolamine as a counterion on the adsorption and self-assembly of decanoic acid onto aminopropyl-modified silica nanoparticles. We show that the morphology of the fatty acid assemblies on silica nanoparticles changes from discrete surface patches to a continuous bilayer by increasing concentration of the counterion. This morphological behavior of fatty acid on the oppositely charged nanoparticle surface alters the interfacial activity of the fatty acid–nanoparticle complex and thus governs the stability of the foam formed by the mixture. Our study provides new insights into the structure–property relationship of fatty acid–nanoparticle complexes and outlines a framework to program the stability of foams formed by mixtures of nanoparticles and amphiphiles.

Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a lychee-like morphology and dual pore arrangement and its application towards biomimetic activity via functionalization with copper(II) complex

Abstract This work represents the pioneering synthesis of Lychee-like Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (LMSN) using a Modified Liquid Template Corrosion (MLTC) method using ethanolamine as a base medium. In this method, the emulsion system containing a cationic surfactant, water, ethylacetate (EA), Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used along-with monoethanolamine under basic conditions. EA was used as the co-template and a swelling agent in the formation of lamellar micelles from spherical and cylindrical micelles. When ethyl acetate (EA) was added to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and water, initially an oil/water (O/W) mixture was formed due to the formation of lamellar micelles and microemulsion droplets. On addition of ethanolamine, the EA becomes readily hydrolyzed. Then the microemulsion droplets after being corroded serve as templates for the synthesis of mesoporous silica. This method may help us in designing novel nanomaterials in addition to the conventional strategies. The current explorations may afford newer promises towards the well-regulated architecture of silica-based novel materials. The material was then functionalizsed with a novel Schiff base Copper(II) complex and used as a biomimetic catalyst for phenoxazinone synthase mimicking activity which proved to be an efficient one with appreciable yields and good catalytic reusability with negligible leaching. The synthesized materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis(EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption analyses, 13C CP MAS NMR spectroscopy, TGA, Electron Spin Resonance(ESR) analysis, and ICP-OES studies. A lot more applications could be also anticipated for this morphology.

Pengaruh Ethanolamina (MEA) dalam Pembentukan TiO2 dari Bahan Awal Ti Butoksida

Titanium dioxide has been prepared through the sol gel method using the addition of ethanolamine. The research was conducted to study the effect of MEA on the formation of TiO2. The amount of MEA was varied to 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2 ml respectively. The samples were calcined at a temperature of 500 ºC. TiO2was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and photocatalyst tests using UV lamps. The XRD characterization results showed that in the A sample an anatase phase was formed whereas in the Csample an anatase phase and a brookite phase were formed. The resultof TEM characterization using ImageJ software show that the particle size of TiO2 is26,1 nm, respectively. The results of the characterization of the fastest photocatalyst catalyst test occurred in sample C which the variation of MEA is 1 ml.

MoS2 with Organic Fragment - a New Hybrid Material for Laser Writing

New nanostructured metasurfaces capable change the composition and physical properties upon pulse laser excitation recently received a marked attention for nanophotonic technologies. In this study, well adherent to the metal substrate and significantly thicker nanoplatelet-shaped MoS2-based arrays were synthesized by one pot hydrothermal way via addition of ethanolamine in the synthesis solution containing ammonium heptamolybdate and thiourea. It was shown that the lightening of this material with green light ns-laser pulses at a suitable fluencies results in the detachment of organic species and compositional transformations to significantly pure MoS2 material. For characterization the synthesized products scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GA-XRD), diffuse reflection, Raman, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) methods before and following green light picosecond laser pulse illumination were applied. We envisaged that these films can be successfully used as metamaterial for laser writing.

13C Metabolic Flux Analysis of Enhanced Lipid Accumulation Modulated by Ethanolamine in Crypthecodinium cohnii.

The heterotrophic microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii has attracted considerable attention due to its capability of accumulating lipids with a high fraction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In our previous study, ethanolamine (ETA) was identified as an effective chemical modulator for lipid accumulation in C. cohnii. In this study, to gain a better understanding of the lipid metabolism and mechanism for the positive effects of modulator ETA, metabolic flux analysis was performed using 13C-labeled glucose with and without 1 mM ETA modulator. The analysis of flux distribution showed that with the addition of ETA, flux in glycolysis pathway and citrate pyruvate cycle was strengthened while flux in pentose phosphate pathway was decreased. In addition, flux in TCA cycle was slightly decreased compared with the control without ETA. The enzyme activity of malic enzyme (ME) was significantly increased, suggesting that NADP+-dependent ME might be the major source of NADPH for lipid accumulation. The flux information obtained by this study could be valuable for the further efforts in improving lipid accumulation and DHA production in C. cohnii.

Development of a Safe and High-Throughput Continuous Manufacturing Approach to 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)thiomorpholine 1,1-Dioxide

Continuous processing enabled the highly energetic double conjugate addition of ethanolamine to divinylsulfone to prepare 2 kg of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide, as an intermediate in the synthesis of HIV Maturation Inhibitor BMS-955176. In situ IR was employed to monitor the steady state of the transformation for increased robustness via appearance of the thiomorpholine dioxide moiety and disappearance of the divinylsulfone. Surprisingly, a series of oligomers formed as intermediates, which converted to product with extended aging or heating, consistent with computational predictions. By running this process in flow, the highly exothermic reaction could be safely executed in an equal volume of water as the only solvent, despite an adiabatic temperature rise of 142 °C, leading to a streamlined and efficient process.

Growth Rate and Biofilm Formation Ability of Clinical and Laboratory-Evolved Colistin-Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Two different mechanisms of resistance to colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii have been described. The first involves the total loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to mutations in the lpxACD operon, which is involved in the lipid A biosynthesis pathway. The second entails the addition of ethanolamine to the lipid A of the LPS resulting from mutations in the PmrAB two-component system. To evaluate the impact of colistin resistance-associated mutations on antimicrobial resistance and virulence properties, four pairs of clinical and laboratory-evolved colistin-susceptible/colistin-resistant (ColS/ColR) A. baumannii isolates were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility, surface motility, in vitro and in vivo biofilm-forming capacity, in vitro and in vivo expression levels of biofilm-associated genes, and in vitro growth rate were analyzed in these strains. Growth rate, in vitro and in vivo biofilm formation ability, as well as expression levels of biofilm-associated gene were reduced in ColR LPS-deficient isolate (the lpxD mutant) when compared with its ColS partner, whereas there were not such differences between LPS-modified isolates (the pmrB mutants) and their parental isolates. Mutation in lpxD was accompanied by a greater reduction in minimum inhibitory concentrations of azithromycin, vancomycin, and rifampin than mutation in pmrB. Besides, loss of LPS was associated with a significant reduction in surface motility without any change in expression of type IV pili. Collectively, colistin resistance through loss of LPS causes a more considerable cost in biological features such as growth rate, motility, and biofilm formation capacity relative to LPS modification. Therefore, ColR LPS-modified strains are more likely to spread and transmit from one patient to another in hospital settings, which results in more complex treatment and control.

Polyamidoamines (PAAs) functionalized with siloxanes as wood preservatives against fungi and insects

Abstract A novel treatment based on polyamidoamines (PAAs) for the preservation of wood against fungi and insects with a broad protection functionality, low effective concentration, and low environmental impact has been developed. PAAs were synthesized by nucleophile addition of ethanolamine (EtA) and/or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA). The molar ratios in the tested formulation were: I) MBA:EtA=1:1; II) MBA:APTES=1:1; III) MBA:EtA:APTES=1:0.5:0.5. These formulations, characterized by ESI-MS, NMR, FT-IR, were tested against: (a) the wood decay fungi (Coniophora puteana, Coriolus versicolor, and Poria placenta); (b) the subterranean termite Reticulitermes lucifugus, and the drywood termite Kalotermes flavicollis; (c) the woodborer Stegobium paniceum. Tests in combination with leaching showed that formulation II and III can be utilized as fungal wood preservatives for use classes 2–3 (EN 335:2013). In addition, all PAAs formulations were equally effective in preserving wood against the subterranean termite, and formulation II was most effective against drywood termite. On the other hand, the formulation I showed good efficacy against S. paniceum.

Influence of Ethanolamine on Corrosion of Alloy 690 in Simulated Secondary Water

Effect of ethanolamine (ETA) on Alloy 690 in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) secondary cooling water was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The results show that moderate addition of ETA can enhance the corrosion resistance of Alloy 690 in high-temperature pressurized water and the optimum additive value is 2 mg/L. The addition of ETA contributes to the formation of oxide rather than hydroxide in the film on the surface of Alloy 690. The corrosion resistance of Alloy 690 at 320 °C with the addition of ETA is better than that at 280 °C.

ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Addition of Ethanolamine Affording 2‐Hydroxymethyl Naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles from 2‐Naphthols.

AbstractNaphtho[2,1‐d]oxazole derivatives [(III), (V), and (VII)] are synthesized by oxidation of starting 2‐naphthols in air mediated by CuCl2‐ethanolamin complex followed by addition of ethanolamine in one step.

EVALUATION OF PH CONTROL AGENTS INFLUENCING ON CORROSION OF CARBON STEEL IN SECONDARY WATER CHEMISTRY CONDITION OF PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR

The effect of various pH agents on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel was investigated under a simulated secondary water chemistry condition of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) in a laboratory, and the steel’s corrosion performance was compared with the field data obtained from Uljin NPP unit 2 reactor. All tests were carried out at temperatures of 50oC ? 250oC and pH of 8.5 ? 10. The pH at a given temperature was controlled by adding different agents. Laboratory data indicate that the corrosion rate of carbon steel decreased as the pH increased under the test conditions and the highest corrosion rate was measured at 150oC. This high corrosion rate may be related to high dissolution and instability of Fe oxide (Fe3O4) at 150oC. It was also found that an addition of ethanolamine (ETA) to ammonia was more effectivefor anticorrosion than ammonia alone, and that mixed treatment reduced 50% of iron or more at pHs of 9.5 or higher, especially in the steam generator (SG) and the moisture separator & re-heater (MSR).

Modyfication of the Rigid Polyurethane-Polyisocyanurate Foams

The effect of polyethylene glycol 1500 on physicomechanical properties of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PUR-PIR) foams has been studied. It was found that application of polyethylene glycol 1500 for synthesis of foams in amount from 0% to 20%w/whad an effect on reduction of brittleness and softening point, while the greater the increase in compressive strength the higher its content in foam composition was. Wastes from production of these foams were ground and subjected to glycolysis in diethylene glycol with the addition of ethanolamine and zinc stearate. Liquid brown products were obtained. Properties of the resulting products were defined in order to determine their suitability for synthesis of new foams. It was found that glycolysate 6 was the most suitable for reuse and its application in different amounts allowed us to prepare 4 new foams (nos. 25, 26, 27, and 28). Properties of foams prepared in this manner were determined and, on their basis, the suitability of glycolysates for production of rigid PUR-PIR foams was evaluated.

Copper‐Mediated Addition of Ethanolamine Affording 2‐Hydroxymethyl Naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles from 2‐Naphthols

A new and mild synthetic approach was presented for the synthesis of naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles. In the presence of copper (II)‐ethanolamine, 2‐hydroxymethyl naphtho[2,1‐d]oxazoles were one‐pot synthesized in moderate to good yields through copper‐mediated oxidation of 2‐naphthols followed with the addition of ethanolamine in acetonitrile.

Myriocin, a Serine Palmitoyltransferase Inhibitor, Blocks Cytokinesis in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Promastigotes

We studied the effect of myriocin, an inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, on cultured Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis promastigotes. Myriocin significantly reduced synthesis of inositol phosphorylceramide, the major sphingolipid expressed in promastigotes as characterized by thin layer chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Log-phase promastigotes treated with 1μM myriocin showed a 52% reduction in growth rate and morphological alterations such as more rounded shape and shorter flagellum. Promastigotes treated with myriocin also displayed a variety of aberrant cell phenotypes. The percentage of cells with one nucleus and one kinetoplast (1N1K), following treatment with 1 or 5μM myriocin, decreased from 89% (control value) to 27% or 3%, respectively. The percentage of cells with two nuclei (2N2K) varied from 7% (control value) to 19% and 6% for 1 or 5μM myriocin-treated parasites, respectively. High percentage of myriocin-treated parasites exhibited large atypical cells presenting three or more nucleus (32% and 89% for 1 or 5μM myriocin, respectively). Transmission electron microscopy following treatment with 1μM myriocin showed the presence of 4N parasites possibly as a result of an incomplete cytokinesis. Addition of 3-ketodihidrosphingosine to myriocin-treated promastigotes rescue parasite growth and morphology. Addition of ethanolamine did not rescue the myriocin effect on parasite. Our findings indicate that sphingolipids are essential for the completion of cytokinesis, and may play a major role in cell proliferation in L. (V.) braziliensis, thus, differing from data described for Leishmania major sphingolipid-free mutant, where addition of ethanolamine rescue wild-type parasite characteristics.

Sequential patterning of two fluorescent streptavidins assisted by photoactivatable biotin on an aminodextran-coated surface

Sequential patterning of two fluorescent streptavidins (SAvs) was carried out using photopatterning of photoactivatable biotin (photobiotin) on an aminodextran surface, which was crucial for the minimization of non-specific binding. Photobiotin was bound by photoreaction to the amine groups of aminodextran. Water contact angle at each step during the preparation of the aminodextran surface was measured to investigate the hydrophilicity of the surfaces. The specific and nonspecific binding of a fluorescent SAv was investigated for the aminodextran surface and the amine-silane surface. The aminodextran surface almost entirely prevented nonspecific binding of a fluorescent SAv and was successfully used for sequential patterning of two fluorescent SAvs. The addition of ethanolamine (40 mM) in the photobiotin solution diminished blurring of pattern shape. To decrease pattern size, the UV light was focused on the aminodextran surface in an inverted microscope system. Under optimized conditions, two fluorescent SAvs array of approximately 25 μm size was obtained using a shadow mask of 100 μm hole size in the inverted microscope system.

Glycolysis of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams

A rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foam (PUR-PIR) was synthesized. Then it was ground in a plastic shredder and a ball mill. The resulting milling product was then glycolysed in diethylene glycol with addition of ethanolamine and zinc stearate. The foam was added at consecutive stages in batches, so that the total amount of the foam at consecutive stages was 20, 40 and 60 g. The resulting product of each stage was a brown liquid (WI, WII and WIII). Properties of these products were then investigated in order to determine their usability to synthesize new foams. It was found that the best reusable was the WIII glycolysate and adding it in various quantities 3 new foams (GW0.1, GW0.2 and GW0.3) were obtained. Properties of these foams were investigated and as a result usability of the glycolysates to produce PUR-PIR foams was stated.