Addition Of Cinnamaldehyde Research Articles

Fabrication and characterization of long-lasting antifungal film containing cinnamaldehyde-loaded complex coacervation microcapsules based on gelatin and gum Arabic

A novel long-acting antifungal active film was successfully created, as an alternative to conventional chemical food preservatives. The antifungal films incorporated with cinnamaldehyde (CA) microcapsules achieved long-lasting antifungal activity, mitigated yellowing caused by the direct addition of CA, and showed improved flexibility properties. CA multinuclear microcapsules were produced using gelatin with a Bloom value of 200 and gum Arabic, resulting in increased encapsulation efficiency (99.86 %), good dispersibility and enhanced antifungal ability (inhibition zone diameter of 32 mm). These microcapsules can be incorporated into films as a sustained-release antifungal agent. Compared to unencapsulated CA, the addition of 1 % CA microcapsules reduced the ultraviolet transmittance (<36.40 %) of the film while maintaining visible-light transmittance (36.40 %–65.20 %), and improving its elongation at break (23.49 %). The water vapor permeability of the film was not affected by the inclusion of CA microcapsules below 0.25 %. Moreover, microcapsules can enhance the thermal properties of the film. Antifungal films incorporated with 0.5 %–2 % microcapsules may offer better long-acting inhibition against A. brasiliensis. This study presents a new promising pathway for food storage.

Development of bio-based PLA/cellulose antibacterial packaging and its application for the storage of shiitake mushroom.

This study presents the extraction of cellulose from water bamboo byproducts to prepare polylactic acid (PLA)/cellulose antibacterial packaging material. The cellulose was modified using a silane coupling agent, which improved the interfacial compatibility between cellulose and PLA. Upon coating the PLA onto the modified cellulose sheet, the water contact angle of the composite material increased from 11.42° to 132.12° and the water absorption rate decreased from 182.52% to 55.71%, which improved the water resistance performance of the material. The addition of cinnamaldehyde in the PLA layer imparted antibacterial activity to the PLA/cellulose packaging material. This packaging material effectively inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum isolated from shiitake mushroom. Additionally, the study investigated the effects of the composite on the postharvest quality of shiitake mushroom. Overall, the packaging material contributed to shiitake mushroom storage and can be applied to other perishable food products.

Preservative effect of pomegranate-based marination with β-resorcylic acid and cinnamaldehyde on the microbial quality of chicken liver

Chicken liver is considered a delicacy in the Middle East where pomegranate molass is commonly used as a salad dressing and in marinade recipes. Marinated chicken liver is a common entrée and represents a value-added product compared to the otherwise unmarinated liver which commands a lower price. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of a pomegranate-based marinade alone or following the addition of cinnamaldehyde or β-resorcylic acid on the spoilage microorganisms present in chicken liver during storage for 14 d at 4°C or under mild temperature abuse conditions (10°C). The pH and microbial populations of total plate count (TPC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Pseudomonas spp. (PS), yeast and mold (YM), and Enterobacteriaceae (EN) were tested during the storage period and the shelf life was determined (defined as 107 log cfu/g). Sensory analysis was also conducted. The pH increased by a greater extent in unmarinated samples as compared to marinated samples (with or without antimicrobials) upon storage. The initial TPC, LAB, PS, YM, and EN microbial populations in the chicken liver were 3.85 ± 0.79, 3.73 ± 0.85, 3.85 ± 0.79, 3.73 ± 0.87, and 3.69 ± 0.23 log cfu/g, respectively. The marinade decreased the microbial populations by 2 to 4 log cfu/g. The marinade and antimicrobial mixture decreased the microbial populations by 3 to 4 log cfu/g. Except for 1 sample, none of the marinated chicken liver samples with or without antimicrobials reached the end of shelf life even up to 14 d of storage at both 4°C and 10°C. The overall sensory score was rated around 6/9 for the treated samples.

Development of an edible food packaging gelatin/zein based nanofiber film for the shelf-life extension of strawberries.

An edible food packaging gelatin/zein nanofiber film co-loaded with cinnamaldehyde (CA)/thymol (THY) was developed, which possessed outstanding features conducive to strawberries preservation. Firstly, the synergistic antibacterial behavior of CA and THY was investigated. Then CA and THY were co-loaded into gelatin/zein nanofiber films by electrospinning technology. The addition of CA and THY increased water contact angle to 85.1° after 10s and decreased the water vapor transmission rate of 3.1×10-8 g·mm-1·h-1·Pa-1. The tensile strength was 1.30MPa and the elongation at break was 185%. The nanofiber films exhibited good shielding effect of ultraviolet-visible light and excellent antioxidant capacity with DPPH free radical scavenging percentage of 99.9% in 4h. The nanofiber films (12.5mg/mL) could achieve significant inhibition effects on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with the bacteriostatic ratio of 67.5%, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with the antibacterial ratios of 100%. A real-time study on the nanofiber films as fruit packaging materials was carried out on strawberries and the packaged strawberries kept their freshness as long as 7days at room temperature. Therefore, the GZ/CT nanofiber film prepared in this work has good application potential in the field of fruit packaging.

Conjugation of aminated sugar beet pectin–tannic acid nanoparticles with cinnamaldehyde at the oil–water interface to stabilize a 3D printable high-internal phase emulsion

In this work, we demonstrated the use of aminated sugar beet pectin (SBP–NH2)–tannic acid (TA) nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with cinnamaldehyde (CA) to form 3D printable high-internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Unlike the absorption of common stabilizers, the interfacial conjugation of SBP-NH2/TA NPs with CA formed ultra-absorbed NPs at the oil–water interface through electrostatic bonding, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and Schiff base reaction. The addition of CA (2.5 wt%) to the oil phase significantly reduced the mean droplet size of SBP-NH2/TA NPs stabilized HIPE (75 vol% oil; SBP-NH2/TA mass ratios of 1:0.5) from 23.03 to 18.33 μm and greatly improved the stability of HIPEs during a 90-day storage period at 25 °C. Concomitantly, rheological studies indicate that HIPEs with CA had high viscoelasticity up to 3 orders of magnitude, providing HIPE-based inks with exceptional support performance and smooth extrusion features. In particular, TA and CA act as the components of a stabilizer and adsorb onto the oil–water interface, imparting combined antioxidant and antimicrobial dual capabilities to HIPEs. In the SBP-NH2/TA NPs stabilized HIPEs, the addition of CA resulted in 0.34-fold lower amounts of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products and 0.4–0.5-fold higher antimicrobial properties against either E. coli or S. aureus. This work established that the interfacial conjugation of the SBP-NH2/TA NPs with CA advanced the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, stability, water-holding capacity, and viscoelastic properties of HIPEs. Furthermore, the three-dimensional (3D) printed structure with notable mechanical strength was achieved.

Synergistic inhibition of Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in apple jam by cinnamaldehyde and potassium sorbate.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and potassium sorbate (P.S.), alone and in combination, against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in apple jam. Antimicrobial activity in vitro was investigated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time-kill assay and determination of fractional inhibitory concentration index. CIN MIC and MBC was 312 μg/mL. P.S. MIC and MBC were 2500 and 5000 μg/mL, respectively, against S. Typhimurium; and 10,000 and 20,000 μg/mL, respectively, against S. aureus. The compounds combined exhibited a synergistic effect (FIC < 0.5), inhibiting S. Typhimurium growth after 12 h and S. aureus after 24 h. The effect of CIN and P.S., at sub-inhibitory concentrations, against bacterial strains in apple jam was evaluated during storage. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were also performed. No cultivable S. Typhimurium or S. aureus cells were recovered in apple jam supplemented with CIN + P.S. on the third day of storage. The addition of CIN and P.S. did not affect the physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation showed a score above 7.0. CIN and P.S. association at sub-inhibitory concentrations was effective in controlling foodborne pathogens and improved the shelf life of apple jam.

Cinnamaldehyde Decreases the Pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila by Inhibiting Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation

Antibiotics were the main fishery drugs for treating Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection, which would generate selective pressure and result in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system provides a new alternative strategy against A. hydrophila infection. QS inhibitors can reduce bacterial virulence behaviors by disrupting QS, which has no effect on bacterial growth. Therefore, we studied the effect of cinnamaldehyde from a natural plant extract on the QS of A. hydrophila aiming to reduce its pathogenicity. The efficacy of cinnamaldehyde against A. hydrophila was evaluated from various aspects, including the effects on aerolysin, lipase, protease, swarming motility, biofilm formation, acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), and QS-related genes. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of cinnamaldehyde in vitro and in vivo was studied. The results showed that cinnamaldehyde could decrease the virulence phenotypes of A. hydrophila regulated by QS. Moreover, the transcriptions of related genes (aerA, ahyR, and ahyI) were downregulated following the addition of cinnamaldehyde. The in vitro and in vivo therapeutic assays show that cinnamaldehyde could reduce the aerolysin-mediated A549 cell injury and increase the survival rate of crucian carp infected with A. hydrophila. These results indicate that cinnamaldehyde would be a candidate QS inhibitor against A. hydrophila infection.

Structural modification of whey protein isolate by cinnamaldehyde and stabilization effect on β-carotene-loaded emulsions and emulsion gels

The effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on the structure and properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) was investigated. The resultant WPI/CA complex was used as stabilizer to form emulsions and emulsion gels, which were used for the delivery and protection of β-carotene. The particle size and hydrophobicity of WPI solution increased and then decreased with the addition of CA. Circular dichroism showed that CA mainly changed the secondary structure of WPI, with increasing β-fold content from 47.2% to 72.9%. The fluorescence spectra showed that both tryptophan and tyrosine in WPI were involved in the interaction with CA. WPI/CA complex as the stabilizer could form the stable emulsions and emulsion gels, which showed better protection effect on β-carotene, and helped enhance its bioaccessibility. The knowledge provides insights into the development of new multifunctional food ingredients and the enhancement of protein modification in food system.

Development and characterization of gliadin-based bioplastic films enforced by cinnamaldehyde

Gliadin is an ideal matrix for fabricating biodegradable bioplastic films. However, the fabricating of gliadin-based films with functional properties is still a challenge for many fields. Here, a series of gliadin-based films were prepared by crosslinking gliadin with cinnamaldehyde (CA) at different pH (pH 6.5, 7, 8, 9, & 10). Subsequently, the mechanical properties, water-resistant properties, thermal properties, antibacterial properties, and formation mechanisms of the films were systematically investigated. All the CA crosslinked films presented transparency and resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Significant increase in tensile strength (24-fold), elongation (>477%), water-resistant properties, and long-term water stability (>120 h), implying the highly crosslinking was formed in the CA crosslinked films (Schiff base, Michael's addition, and hydrogen bonds). Meanwhile, the tea polyphenols-loading properties and thermodynamic stability of the films were also enhanced by CA crosslinking under alkaline conditions. Moreover, CA crosslinked films performed splendid antimicrobial activities. The present study indicated that the overall properties of the gliadin-based films can be enhanced by the addition of CA under alkaline conditions. These results may be useful in the development of new applications for gliadin or other cereal prolamins, like drug delivery or packaging materials.

Effect of cinnamaldehyde incorporation on the structural and physical properties, functional activity of soy protein isolate‐egg white composite edible films

Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) was added to edible composite films of soy protein isolate (SPI) and egg white (EW) to develop active food packaging. The effects of adding 2%–10% CIN on the structural, physical, and functional properties of the SPI/EW films were systematically evaluated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction suggested the excellent compatibility of the components because hydrogen bonding occurred. Scanning electron microscopy indicated CIN affected the structure of the films. The incorporation of CIN significantly improved the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the films, but reduced the tensile strength and water vapor permeability. In particular, the addition of CIN at different concentrations significantly increased the elongation at break, water resistant, and UV–vis light barrier properties of the films. Therefore, SPI/EW/CIN films can be used as eco-friendly bioactive materials in food packaging. Practical applications In recent decades, many studies were devoted to the development of biodegradable and edible natural biopolymers to replace petroleum-based polymer packaging. The edible bioactive packaging film can be prepared by adding active substances to the food packaging materials instead of directly adding it to the food, which not only maintains the original characteristics of the food, but also delays the deterioration and autoxidation of the food. This study evaluated the Microstructural, physical, and functional properties (antioxidant and antimicrobial activities) of composite films for use in food packaging and it is proved that it is possible in practical application.

Comparative Study on the Antibacterial Properties of Nanoemulsion of Zataria multiflora Essential Oil Fortified with Cinnamaldehyde Against Common Foodborne Pathogens

Background: Nowadays, the application of several and natural preservatives in small quantity is a more preferred approach. In this regard, one of the effective methods is the formation of nanoemulsion of essential oils. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro antibacterial activities of cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and Zataria multiflora essential oil in conventional (ZEO), nanoemulsion (NZEO) and fortified nanoemulsion (NZEOC) forms against common foodborne pathogens. Methods: Firstly, the Zataria multiflora essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The nanoemulsion of Z. multiflora essential oil was then prepared alone and fortified with cinnamaldehyde. Finally, their antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli was evaluated. Results: Based on the results, carvacrol (36.62%) was found to be the most important compound of essential oil. In disc diffusion and micro-dilution methods, the addition of CIN to ZEO during nanoemulsion formation (NZEOC) showed more antibacterial activity when compared to the individual addition of NZEO and CIN (NZEO+CIN). However, according to the vapor phase diffusion method, nano-treatments exhibited less inhibitory effects than the other treatments. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the fortification of essential oils with their derived pure compounds during nanoemulsion formation, can be used as a suitable alternative to chemical antibacterial compounds in the food industry.

Pectin Based Edible Film for Cinnamaldehyde Delivery System: Effect of Calcium Chloride Content on the Physical Characteristics of the Films

The cinnamon essential oil has antibacterial characteristic and sensitive to light and oxygen [1]. Due to its benefits from cinnamaldehyde, this compound has already used for antibacterial agent injected in polymer film [2]. Films are usually made from natural polymers as their main materials such as pectin. This research observed the influence of calcium chloride addition (0; 0.01; 0.02; and 0.03 g/mL solution) in the physical characteristics of pectin based edible films using the immersion method. The results indicated that calcium chloride content did not effect significantly. On the other hand, increasing calcium chloride content increased the water sorption of phosphate buffer saline solution and 0.03 g/mL of calcium chloride offered the lowest water sorption. Addition of cinnamaldehyde affected the surface morphology of the film and gave the crystal structure on the surface.

Utilization of cinnamaldehyde and zinc oxide nanoparticles in a carboxymethylcellulose-based composite coating to improve the postharvest quality of cherry tomatoes

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based film packaging enriched with plant-sourced cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) of simple synthesis were prepared in this work. Then, the physico-mechanical and barrier properties and antifungal activities of CMC-based films, including pristine CMC, CIN/CMC, ZnONPs/CMC, ZnONPs/CIN/CMC were investigated. The results indicated that the ZnONPs incorporation produced a nanocomposite film with low transparency, good flexibility and high mechanical resistance. Furthermore, the water barrier capacity and antifungal performance of CMC-based films were significantly improved with the addition of CIN. CMC-based composite film incorporating with both CIN and ZnONPs, in turn, exhibited satisfactory mechanical characterizations, excellent barrier capacities against water and oxygen molecules and anti-Aspergillus niger activity. Moreover, ZnO/CIN/CMC nanocomposite film was significantly effective at inhibiting the weight loss and firmness of cherry tomatoes and in decreasing the total acidity content of these fruits after storage. Our results suggested that the ZnO/CIN/CMC nanocomposite film packaging can improve the cherry tomatoes quality by suppressing physiological the metabolic activities of the fruits during postharvest storage period.

Development of antimicrobial active film containing CINnamaldehyde and its application to snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus) fish

AbstractActive packaging containing plant essential oils as a food preservation method is attracting more and more attention. Bioactive films based on ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) incorporating with and without cinnamaldehyde (CIN）were prepared and characterized in this study. Physical and mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapor permeability (WVP), oxygen permeability (OP), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and SEM image were investigated. Then active properties including release of bioactive element, antioxidant and antibacterial ability of the film sample were also conducted. Finally, the preservative effects of active films on snakehead dices stored at 4 ± 1 °C were performed by analyzing changes in pH value, water loss rate (WLR), total bacterial counts (TBC) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N). The results showed that film A with CIN possessed higher tensile strength and lower OP compared to those of EVOH film. Moreover, the film with active element had significant antioxidant and antibacterial ability. The radical scavenging rate of the active film reached as high as 39.01%. On day 10, the TBC of fish dices in EVOH film reached 6.07 log CFU/g and the TVB‐N was 16.83 mgN/100 g, while it took 14 days for fish dices packed with film A to reach similar levels. Therefore, active packaging may prolong shelf life of aquatic food and have significance for food preservation.Practical applicationsPackaging is an essential part of food preservation. Active packaging containing antimicrobial/antioxidant compounds should extend shelf life of the products. Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) is well known packing material for its excellent oxygen barrier property. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN) is extracted from Cinnamomum cassia Presl bark and exhibits antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. The addition of CIN into EVOH not only enhances physical and mechanical properties of the film, but also shows significant antioxidant and antibacterial ability, which can prolong the shelf life of the products. The preservative effects of the active film on fresh snakehead fish presented in this study are valuable information for practical application of active packaging to aquatic products preservation in particular, and food in general.

Cinnamaldehyde Ameliorates Cadmium-Inhibited Root Elongation in Tobacco Seedlings via Decreasing Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Production.

Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is natural plant-derived compound that has been highly appreciated for its medicinal properties. However, little information is known about the regulation of plant intrinsic physiology by CA. To address these gaps, physiological, histochemical, and biochemical approaches were applied to investigate CA-facilitated cadmium (Cd) tolerance in the roots of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. Treatment with CdCl2 at 20 μM for 72 h resulted in the significant decrease in root elongation by 40.39% as compared to control. CA alleviated Cd-inhibited root elongation in dose- and time-dependent manners. The addition of CA at 20 μM induced significant increase in root elongation by 42.58% as compared to Cd treatment alone. CA abolished Cd-induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, loss of membrane integrity, cell death, and free Cd2+ accumulation in roots. CA blocked the Cd-induced increase in the endogenous H2S level through the down-regulation of d-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) expression. H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT) or potent H2S-biosynthetic inhibitor dl-propargylglicine (PAG) were able mimic the action of CA on the blockade of Cd-induced H2S accumulation, cell death, and growth inhibition. Enhancement of the endogenous H2S level with NaHS (H2S donor) abrogated all the beneficial capabilities of CA, HT, and PAG. Collectively, these results suggest that CA has great potential to confer plant tolerance against Cd stress, which is closely associated with its capability to inhibit Cd-induced H2S production. This study not only provides evidences for the regulation of plant physiology by CA but also sheds new light on the cross-talk between CA and H2S in physiological modulations.

Effect of Cinnamaldhyde on survival of E. coli O157:H7 in minced meat by using PMA- real time PCR

into ground beef at 6 logs CFU/g, followed by addition of cinnamaldehyde (0% v/v, 0.3% v/v and 0.6% v/v). The inoculated ground beef was stored at 4˚C for 14 days,

Cinnamaldehyde/chemotherapeutic agents interaction and drug-metabolizing genes in colorectal cancer

Cinnamaldehyde is an active monomer isolated from the stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia, a traditional oriental medicinal herb, which is known to possess marked antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential advantages of using cinnamaldehyde in combination with chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) therapy, as well as to investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde on chemotherapeutic-associated gene expression. The synergistic interaction of cinnamaldehyde and chemotherapeutic agents on human CRC HT-29 and LoVo cells was evaluated using the combination index (CI) method. The double staining with Annexin V conjugated to fluorescein-isothiocyanate and phosphatidylserine was employed for apoptosis detection. The expression of drug-metabolizing genes, including excision repair cross‑complementing 1 (ERCC1), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), thymidylate synthase (TS), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and topoisomerase 1 (TOPO1), all in HT-29 and LoVo cells, with or without the addition of cinnamaldehyde, was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cinnamaldehyde had a synergistic effect on the chemotherapeutic agents cytotoxicity in HT-29 and LoVo cells. In addition, cinnamaldehyde suppressed BRCA1, TOPO1, ERCC1 and TS mRNA expression, except for OPRT expression, which was markedly upregulated. Our findings indicate that cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drug‑metabolizing genes.

Immune-modulatory properties of cinnamaldehyde are associated with the induction of apoptosis in immune cells

Event Abstract Back to Event Immune-modulatory properties of cinnamaldehyde are associated with the induction of apoptosis in immune cells Anna Moskovskich1, Cristina Gomez-Casado2, Anna Willensdorfer1, Josef Singer3, Heidemarie Fuchs4, Franziska Roth-Walter1 and Erika Jensen-Jarolim1, 3* 1 Messerli Research Institute, Comparative Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Austria 2 Technical University Madrid, Center for Plant Biotechnology and Genomic, Spain 3 Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Austria 4 University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Austria Background: Cinnamaldehyde (CA) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-mutagenic, chemoprotective and anticarcinogenic activity. Here, we further investigated the immune-modulating capacity of CA. Methods: NF-κB activation by CA (0-10µg/ml) alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed using the THP1XBlue© human monocytic cell line transfected with an alkaline phosphatase reporter. IL10 and nitric oxide (NO) secretion in murine RAW264.7 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with CA alone or in conjunction with LPS were analyzed. Human PBMCS were stimulated with different concentrations of CA alone or in combination with LPS for 24h and subsequently stained with AnnexinV-FITC and propidium iodide to assess cell death and apoptosis. Results: Incubation with CA resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition to a maximum of 50% of NFκB in LPS-stimulated THP1-cells. Similarly, NO as well as IL10 secretion induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells were blocked by addition of CA. Induction of apoptosis in human PBMCS was triggered by CA alone or in conjunction with LPS. These results correlated with a dose-dependent decrease in IL10 by addition of CA in LPS-stimulated PBMCS. Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory properties of CA are likely due to blocking of NFκB-pathway and induction of apoptosis in immune cells. Keywords: Cinnamaldehyde, Apoptosis, NF-kappa B, Lymphocytes, Immunosuppressive Agents Conference: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013. Presentation Type: Abstract Topic: Translational immunology and immune intervention Citation: Moskovskich A, Gomez-Casado C, Willensdorfer A, Singer J, Fuchs H, Roth-Walter F and Jensen-Jarolim E (2013). Immune-modulatory properties of cinnamaldehyde are associated with the induction of apoptosis in immune cells. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00968 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 26 Jun 2013; Published Online: 22 Aug 2013. * Correspondence: Prof. Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Messerli Research Institute, Comparative Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, erika.jensen-jarolim@meduniwien.ac.at Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Anna Moskovskich Cristina Gomez-Casado Anna Willensdorfer Josef Singer Heidemarie Fuchs Franziska Roth-Walter Erika Jensen-Jarolim Google Anna Moskovskich Cristina Gomez-Casado Anna Willensdorfer Josef Singer Heidemarie Fuchs Franziska Roth-Walter Erika Jensen-Jarolim Google Scholar Anna Moskovskich Cristina Gomez-Casado Anna Willensdorfer Josef Singer Heidemarie Fuchs Franziska Roth-Walter Erika Jensen-Jarolim PubMed Anna Moskovskich Cristina Gomez-Casado Anna Willensdorfer Josef Singer Heidemarie Fuchs Franziska Roth-Walter Erika Jensen-Jarolim Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Effects of wheat dried distillers' grains with solubles and cinnamaldehyde on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the Rusitec technique

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) on in vitro fermentation and microbial profiles using the rumen simulation technique. The control substrate (10% barley silage, 85% barley grain and 5% supplement, on dry matter basis) and the wheat DDGS substrate (30% wheat DDGS replaced an equal portion of barley grain) were combined with 0 and 300 mg CIN/l of culture fluid. The inclusion of DDGS increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the molar proportion of acetate and propionate. Dry matter disappearance (p = 0.03) and production of bacterial protein (p < 0.01) were greater, whereas the disappearances of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre were less (p < 0.01) for the DDGS than for the control substrate. With addition of CIN, concentration of total VFA decreased and fermentation pattern changed to greater acetate and less propionate proportions (p < 0.01). The CIN reduced (p < 0.01) methane production and CP degradability. The copy numbers of Fibrobacter, Prevotella and Archaea were not affected by DDGS but were reduced (p < 0.05) by CIN. The results indicate that replacing barley grain by DDGS increased nutrient fermentability and potentially increase protein flows to the intestine. Supplementation of high-grain substrates with CIN reduced methane production and potentially increased the true protein reaching the small intestine; however, overall reduction of feed fermentation may lower the feeding value of a high-grain diet.

A novel packaging method with a dissolving CO 2 headspace combined with organic acids prolongs the shelf life of fresh salmon

The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel packaging method for fresh fish and to determine its effect on the bacterial growth in fresh salmon. Fresh salmon was packed with a small amount of 100% CO 2 (gas/product ratio 0.2/1.0 v/v) and a brine solution containing various combinations of citric acid (3% w/w, pH 5), acetic acid (1% w/w, pH 5) and cinnamaldehyde (200 μg/ml). Total bacterial counts, counts of sulphur reducing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae as well as the bacterial composition in the product after storage were determined. The combination of CO 2 and organic acids completely inhibited bacterial growth during 14 days of storage at 4 °C both in inoculation experiments and in experiments on salmon with natural background flora. CO 2, acetic acid and citric acid alone each inhibited the growth of total bacterial counts, lactic acid bacteria, sulphur reducing bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, but effects were enhanced in combinations. The addition of cinnamaldehyde did not influence bacterial growth. Analysis of the bacterial flora of salmon inoculated with different spoilage bacteria showed that Photobacterium phosphoreum and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum remained the dominating species after inoculation while Yersinia aldovae, Aeromonas salmonicida and Shewanella putrefaciens were outcompeted by other species. In addition, lactic acid bacteria from the natural background flora grew to high numbers. Combinations of CO 2 and acetic acid reduced the relative abundance of P. phosphoreum. All CO 2 dissolved in the product, thereby creating a product with the outer appearance of a vacuum package. Further work is needed to determine consumer acceptability of acid concentrations and to implement the packaging method for industrial purposes. However, implication of this packaging method in the industry may lead to a new packaging technology, combining the advantages of vacuum packaging (low space requirement) and modified atmosphere packaging (antimicrobial effect of CO 2).