Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is natural plant-derived compound that has been highly appreciated for its medicinal properties. However, little information is known about the regulation of plant intrinsic physiology by CA. To address these gaps, physiological, histochemical, and biochemical approaches were applied to investigate CA-facilitated cadmium (Cd) tolerance in the roots of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. Treatment with CdCl2 at 20 μM for 72 h resulted in the significant decrease in root elongation by 40.39% as compared to control. CA alleviated Cd-inhibited root elongation in dose- and time-dependent manners. The addition of CA at 20 μM induced significant increase in root elongation by 42.58% as compared to Cd treatment alone. CA abolished Cd-induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, loss of membrane integrity, cell death, and free Cd2+ accumulation in roots. CA blocked the Cd-induced increase in the endogenous H2S level through the down-regulation of d-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) expression. H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT) or potent H2S-biosynthetic inhibitor dl-propargylglicine (PAG) were able mimic the action of CA on the blockade of Cd-induced H2S accumulation, cell death, and growth inhibition. Enhancement of the endogenous H2S level with NaHS (H2S donor) abrogated all the beneficial capabilities of CA, HT, and PAG. Collectively, these results suggest that CA has great potential to confer plant tolerance against Cd stress, which is closely associated with its capability to inhibit Cd-induced H2S production. This study not only provides evidences for the regulation of plant physiology by CA but also sheds new light on the cross-talk between CA and H2S in physiological modulations.
Highlights
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is an important component of essential oil obtained from cinnamon trees and other Cinnamomum species [1,2]
The addition of diminished the promoting effect of on root elongation well (Figure 7). These results suggested that endogenous Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) played negative role in the regulation of under as well
It has been demonstrated that CA is capable of regulation of plant physiology remains elusive
Summary
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is an important component of essential oil obtained from cinnamon trees and other Cinnamomum species [1,2]. CA is a bioactive compound that has been highly appreciated for its medicinal properties, such as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties [3,4], anti-microbial activity [5], anti-viral activity [6], and anti-cancer activity [7]. The clinical relevance of CA has been closely linked to the regulation of immune pathways in mammalian cells, which can be mediated by several important signaling molecules, such as Ca2+ and nitric oxide (NO) [8,9]. The bioactivity of CA on both mammals and microorganisms has been identified extensively, but little information is known about the regulation of plant-resistant physiology by CA. Cadmium (Cd) pollution is becoming a global problem because of the natural and anthropogenic release of
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