Additional Facts Research Articles

От погрома до обретения советской «земли Обетованной»: дисперсность, миграции и кон-солидация джегонасских горских евреев на Северном Кавказе (1917 г. – начало 1930-х гг.)

The article devotes itself to establishing and describing the key events in the “migration history” of the Dzhegonassko-Evreyskoe Mountain Jews. The problem is discussed in the context of this group’s post-revolutionary history, up until the beginning of the 1930s. The article analyzes the debatable issues of the fate of the devastated settlement of the Dzhegonas Jews in 1918 and in the subsequent period, their further dispersion on the North Caucasus territory. Additional evidence has been uncovered that confirms the residency of a large portion of this group of Mountain Jews in the village of Nevinnomysskaya, as well as their links to other groups of Mountain Jews. Addi-tional facts about the attempts of the Dzhegonas Jews to return to the lands of their old village in Karachay-Cherkessia in the first half of the 1920s have been revealed. It is shown how the ques-tion of land management of the Dzhegonas Jews turned out to be connected with the regular col-lection by the Soviet, Communist Party and other structures of a variety of accounting, statistical and other information about them (as well as about the Mozdok and Grozny mountain Jews). The forms and methods of consolidation of Dzhegonas Jews in the Soviet policy of indigenization of national minorities and the settlement of Terek District by mountain Jews organized by the au-thorities are studied.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Society 5.0: Assessing Consumer Awareness, Loyalty, and Trust toward Socially Responsible Organizations

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Society 5.0 (s5.0) are transformative models that both seek a human-centric approach by integrating certain capabilities for the betterment of stakeholders. This study investigates the nexus among CSR, brand awareness, customer trust (CrT), the s5.0 model, and customer loyalty (CrL) from the perspective of a developing nation, China. Structural equation modeling using partial least squares was applied to a sample size of eight hundred and ninety-three (N = 893). First, the study confirmed a positive relationship between CSR, brand awareness, and customer loyalty. Second, the study revealed a positive linkage through the mediation of customer trust. Finally, a moderating effect of the s5.0 model was found at the nexus of CSR, brand awareness, and brand loyalty. This study provides several insights into corporate social responsibility, brand awareness, and brand loyalty with additional facts on how customer trust and Society 5.0 may play important roles in engaging stakeholders such as customers in the present era. Therefore, managers should prioritize CSR along with Society 5.0 practices that can help to win over customers and elicit their loyalty and trust toward organizations.

Social and environmental dimensions of public spaces of the indigenous territory of the Sierra de Manantlan mountain range, Jalisco state, western Mexico

The social and environmental dimension of the public space occupants of the indigenous territory of the Sierra de Manantlan, Jalisco, has a crucial place in the heritage of Mexico, such is the case of its form of idiosyncrasy, mutual interaction, and coexistence. The cultural, political, and economic organizations the Sierra de Manantlan mark an identity of the native peoples, where their customs, communal life, and solidarity work are preserved. The research objective was to evaluate the social perception and environmental habitability conditions of public space occupants in the towns of Chacala and Telcruz. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted for the primary actors in both study areas and 259 information cards were applied to the inhabitants with data regarding social interaction variables and meteorological conditions in two seasons (summer and winter of a calendar year). Regarding data analysis and statistical purposes, the Pearson and Spearman correlations was used according to the needs of the study. The results revealed that the occupants of public spaces mostly report the pleasure of interacting in said spaces; however, they indicate that they would like an intervention or remodeling in the place that would encourage greater interaction with their neighbors, family, and friends. Another additional fact is that climatic variables, especially in summer, harm the desire to attend or stay in said spaces because of the lack of natural elements or bioclimatic devices that mitigate the environmental impact.

Argumentasi Rasional Eksistensi Tuhan

This research aims to examine and reiterate the arguments used by Islamic scholars regarding the existence of God, by incorporating contemporary evidence supporting the validity of these arguments. Simultaneously, it aims to refute the atheist's assumption that the existence of God is impossible to scientifically prove. This study employs qualitative, descriptive, and analytical methods, along with a philosophical approach to the arguments presented in revelation and those used by Islamic scholars regarding the existence of God. The research is categorized as library research, drawing from classical and contemporary books, relevant scientific journals, or articles related to the study. Islamic scholars, based on the Quran and Sunnah, have put forth various rational arguments for the existence of God. However, in the modern era, atheistic and agnostic groups are increasing, and their movements are extensive and structured in advocating their ideologies. Hence, there is a need to reexamine the arguments of the scholars, presenting them more explicitly with updates and additional contemporary facts, both from scientific perspectives and the testimonies of atheists or agnostics who affirm the existence of God. The results of this research indicate that the existence of God is a truth easily provable through reason and logic that is inherently certain.

Revealing the risk perception of investors using machine learning

Corporate disclosures convey crucial information to financial market participants. While machine learning algorithms are commonly used to extract this information, they often overlook the use of idiosyncratic terminology and industry-specific vocabulary within documents. This study uses an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, the Structural Topic Model, to overcome these issues. Our findings illustrate the link between machine-extracted risk factors discussed in corporate disclosures (10-Ks) and the corresponding pricing behavior by investors, focusing on a previously unexplored US REIT sample from 2005 to 2019. Surprisingly, when disclosed, most risk factors counterintuitively lead to a decrease in return volatility. This resolution of uncertainties surrounding known risk factors or the provision of additional facts about these factors contributes valuable insights to the financial market.

Evaluating the Ripple Effects of Knowledge Editing in Language Models

Abstract Modern language models capture a large body of factual knowledge. However, some facts can be incorrectly induced or become obsolete over time, resulting in factually incorrect generations. This has led to the development of various editing methods that allow updating facts encoded by the model. Evaluation of these methods has primarily focused on testing whether an individual fact has been successfully injected, and if similar predictions for other subjects have not changed. Here we argue that such evaluation is limited, since injecting one fact (e.g., “Jack Depp is the son of Johnny Depp”) introduces a “ripple effect” in the form of additional facts that the model needs to update (e.g., “Jack Depp is the sibling of Lily-Rose Depp”). To address this, we propose novel evaluation criteria that consider the implications of an edit on related facts. Using these criteria, we then construct RippleEdits, a diagnostic benchmark of 5K factual edits, capturing various types of ripple effects. We evaluate prominent editing methods on RippleEdits, showing that they fail to introduce consistent changes in the model’s knowledge. In addition, we find that a simple in-context editing baseline obtains the best scores on our benchmark, suggesting a promising research direction for model editing.1

The Effect of Bias on Employee Suspicions of Coworker Guilt and Likelihood of Peer Reporting

ABSTRACT We explored the association between bias and the perception of a suspect’s guilt in alleged workplace theft. After presenting a case to participants, we asked them to assess the guilt of four possible suspects: two Black (male and female) and two White (male and female). We measured implicit and explicit racial and gender bias, leveraging two implicit association tests adapted from Levinson, Cai, and Young (2010) and two established explicit bias scales. We found that explicit racial bias is significantly associated with the overall perceived likelihood of guilt of the Black male suspect, and implicit racial bias is associated with the probability of selecting the Black male suspect from among the four. These associations disappeared after we provided additional facts about the case and the suspects. We further found that implicit and explicit racial biases are associated with the likelihood of peer reporting in an external investigation. Data Availability: Data are available upon request. JEL Classifications: M49.

Cross‐clausal scrambling and subject case in Balkar: On multiple specifiers and the locality of overt and covert movement

AbstractWe use fieldwork data about cross‐clausal scrambling in Balkar (Turkic) to clarify the nature of movement and its constraints. Balkar has a variety of embedded nominalized clauses, with different subject cases and possibilities for movement. Clauses with nominative (nom) subjects permit cross‐clausal object extraction but not subject extraction. In contrast, clauses with accusative subjects permit both such movements, although movement of the subject is required for object extraction. Finally, clauses with genitive subjects permit only subject extraction. We argue that these facts provide evidence for the following proposals: (i) multiple specifiers are usually possible provided that tucking‐in applies; (ii) the highest of a phase's multiple specifiers is privileged for accessibility; (iii) movement is constrained by anti‐locality (a ban on short movements); and (iv) Balkar DPs do not permit multiple specifiers. These factors are intertwined informatively in Balkar, and are supported by additional facts about possessors, binding, and covert movement.

Evidence-based practices: using the touch points strategy to teach single-digit addition to students with ASD

An ever-growing number of students are being diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabian schools, creating a need for highly effective, research-based strategies for teaching mathematics. However, current research on such strategies is limited. Nevertheless, several studies, including those by Wisniewski and Smith (2002) and Scott (1993), have found the touch-point strategy effective in developing and retaining single-digit addition and mathematical problem-solving skills in students with disabilities, as well as in retaining addition skills among students with ASD. The researchers conducted single-subject research using a reversal design (A-B-A-B) to determine the intervention’s effect on three students with ASD as the main data source. Additionally, an interview with the math teacher of these participants was conducted to gather more in-depth data, which helped explore the effectiveness and challenges of using the touch-point strategy in teaching math addition facts to Saudi students with ASD. Significant improvements in computation and acquisition rate were noted among all participants when the strategy was used to solve single-digit addition problems. Two major themes emerged from the analysis of the interview data: the need for resources to teach the strategy and challenges in implementing the touch-point strategy across the whole class, given the individual needs of each student.

An Investigation of Simultaneous Prompting to Teach an Addition Algorithm to Preschool Students

This manuscript reports the results of an investigation of the simultaneous prompting procedure to teach a five-step algorithm for solving three addition basic facts. Four preschool students receiving Tier 1 services in their school’s multi-tier system of supports (MTSS) framework participated. A multiple probe across participants single case design was employed, and a visual analysis of the data indicate a functional relationship between the independent and dependent variable. Three of the participants achieved the mastery criterion and maintained the targeted learning outcome for 2–6 weeks. These participants applied the five-step algorithm to three sets of novel addition facts and acquired incidental information consisting of mathematics terminology. The fourth participant voluntarily discontinued her involvement in the study but, prior to her withdrawal, her data were similar to that of the other three participants. Social validity data from the participants’ teachers confirmed their satisfaction with the study’s procedures and participants’ learning outcomes. The results extend those from related research and validate simultaneous prompting’s effectiveness in teaching mathematics to students receiving Tier 1 and Tier 3 services in an MTSS framework. Topics for future research are discussed, and include investigating the effectiveness of simultaneous prompting to teach mathematics across students receiving services through all MTSS tiers.

Some Additional Facts About Unit -Gompertz Distribution

Some Additional Facts About Unit -Gompertz Distribution

Защита астрологии стоит Парижа, или О «мужестве использовать свой собственный разум»

The article presents a translation of fragments of the text of a Spanish thinker of the XVI century, Michael Servetus (Spanish: Miguel Servet), “Reasoning in Defense of Astrology against a Certain Medic.” Despite the fact that this text touches on a small area of knowledge, which includes medicine and astrology, taken in their close interaction, it clearly demonstrates the characteristic feature of Servetus’ philosophical worldview. In the era in question, objective internal processes going on in the depths of the paradigm of thinking, like volcanoes erupt in various fields of knowledge. Servetus is one of those outstanding personalities whose activity activates this process by starting to cross the boundaries outlined by tradition and authorities, anticipating what will become the greatest value in the new paradigm – obtaining new knowledge. This small work is methodological in nature and clearly demonstrates an example of following the chosen personal method, without turning off the path, neglecting the possible consequences. Servetus hopes to convince the reader that medicine needs additional facts that can be provided by knowledge of the laws of the movement of the heavenly bodies and their influence on human earthly affairs and the state of his health. Observation of astronomical phenomena contributes, in his opinion, to obtaining additional knowledge and experience useful in medical practice. The system of the world order built by him unites the unconnected, violates the boundaries of subject areas, not only within science, but also between science and theology, which gives him the opportunity to talk about various facets of reality. He demonstrates the talent of a thinker, rare and relevant in all epochs – to see the whole and not to neglect knowledge that goes beyond the generally accepted framework, collecting a general picture of being at all possible and cognizable levels: visible and invisible; expressible and inexpressible; earthly and heavenly; spiritual and material; human and divine.

Equal parallel and cone-beam projections: a curious property of D-symmetric object functions

In tomographic image reconstruction, the object density function is the unknown quantity whose projections are measured by the scanner. In the three-dimensional case, we define the D-reflection of such a density function as the object obtained by a particular weighted reflection about the plane z = D, and a D-symmetric function as one whose D-reflection is equal to itself. D-symmetric object functions have the curious property that their parallel projection onto the detector plane z = D is equal to their cone-beam projection onto the same detector with x-ray source location at the origin. Much more remarkable is the additional fact that for any fixed D-symmetric object, every oblique parallel projection onto this same detector plane equals the cone-beam projection for a corresponding source location. The mathematical proof is straight forward but not particularly enlightening, and we also provide here an alternative physical demonstration that explains the various weighting terms in the context of classical tomosynthesis. Furthermore, we clarify the distinction between the new formulation presented here, and the original formulation of Edholm and co-workers who obtained similar properties but for a pair of objects whose divergent and parallel projections matched, but with no D-symmetry. We do not claim any immediate imaging application or useful physics from these notions, but we briefly comment on consequences for methods that apply data consistency conditions in image reconstruction.

Labor elasticities, market failures, and misallocation: Evidence from Indian agriculture

AbstractThis article presents evidence of misallocation across households in rural Indian agriculture. I show that household demographics predict own farm labor demand for smallholder farmers but not non‐smallholder farmers. A simple model of labor allocation predicts a clear consequence of this duality: smallholder farmers will reallocate labor across plots less in response to price changes than non‐smallholders. Detailed household panel data confirms this theoretical prediction. Three additional facts suggest that a lack of off‐farm labor opportunities may be partly responsible for the behavior of smallholders, leading smallholders to over allocate labor to agricultural production. First, smallholders report fewer hours of involuntary unemployment when their own crop prices increase. Second, yield is substantially higher for smallholders on plots of the same size. Finally, estimated marginal revenue products of labor are consistently lower for smallholders.

The Effect of Addition and Subtraction Practice within a Word–Problem Intervention on Addition and Subtraction Outcomes

This study examined the influence of addition and subtraction practice embedded within a word–problem intervention for Grade 3 students experiencing word–problem difficulty. Students ( N = 448) were randomly assigned to one of two variants of a word–problem intervention or a business–as–usual comparison condition. Within the word–problem interventions, students participated in targeted addition and subtraction fact and computation practice for approximately 3 minutes of each 30–minute session across 47 intervention sessions, but also continually practiced addition and subtraction through word–problem solving. At posttest, students who participated in the intervention demonstrated improved single–digit addition and subtraction performance as well as improved double–digit addition and subtraction performance. At follow–up in Grade 4, persistence of effects was only identified for double–digit addition. Considering addition and subtraction are foundational to many other mathematics skills, addition and subtraction practice serves as an important component of mathematics intervention.

Using Precision Teaching to Improve Typically Developing Student's Mathematical Skills Via Teleconferencing.

This study evaluated the effects of Precision Teaching in improving typically developing students' mathematical skills when delivered via teleconferencing in India. Four students received Precision Teaching, while nine acted as control participants. Precision teaching involved instruction in three mathematical skills; two prerequisite skills and the primary skill of mixed addition and subtraction facts. Instruction included untimed practice, timed practice, goal-setting, graphing, and a token economy. Participants who received Precision Teaching received ten practice sessions for the prerequisite skills and 55 sessions for the primary skill. The results demonstrated improvements in the prerequisite skills of varied magnitude and considerable improvements in the primary skill, which were maintained above baseline performance levels. In addition, those who received Precision Teaching were below the 15th percentile rank at the initial assessment and above the 65th percentile at the post-intervention assessment in the math fluency subtest of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-Third Edition. Control participants did not demonstrate similar improvements. Results suggest that Precision Teaching could produce accelerated outcomes even when delivered via teleconferencing. Therefore, it could be a valuable system for helping students ameliorate potential learning losses resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vlad the Impaler, the Truth Behind the Myth: His Youth and Fight Against the Ottoman Empire

Vlad Țepeș “the Impaler” is the most famous figure of the Romanian Middle Ages. Sadly, his world fame is due to Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel. For over 120 years, imagination proved to be stronger for the public at large than historical truth. We do not wish to get into an argument regarding the myth of the cruel, bloodthirsty or even vampiric prince. It is neither the place nor our role to venture onto such moving sands. What we have been concerned with is the openness with which Romanian specialists have dealt with this hero of the Middle Ages, whom they have thoroughly explored. Still, the enthusiasm and willingness to turn Vlad the Impaler into a hero, into a man of moral probity beyond his epoch, have made historians treat the first part of his life tersely and even insufficiently interpret aspects of his glorious moments, i.e. the confrontations with the Ottoman Empire. His period is therefore a puzzle whose pieces must still be arranged. That is what we are going to do in this study, namely to bring forward some additional facts of his tumultuous existence by reviewing some of the most important hypotheses issued in historiography and by permanently relating to the foreign context of his policy.

과반수 미만 의결권 보유시 지배력 판단 사례

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the process of determining control in a situation where investors hold less than a majority of the voting rights of the investee through case.
 Design/methodology/approach - In this study, the various and complex considerations presented in K-IFRS 1110 ‘Consolidated Financial Statements’ were systematically classified and stratified.
 Findings - First, the agreement to delegate voting rights does not necessarily have to be documented, but it can be said to be substantive rights right only if it is not of the nature that one party can discontinue at any time. Second, if it is clear that investors do not have power due to the relative size of voting rights and the degree of stock dispersion, there is no need to review the past shareholders' meeting resolutions and additional facts and circumstances.
 Research implications or Originality - This study expects to minimize errors in applying the standards by classifying and stratifying the various considerations presented in K-IFRS 1110 into first and subsequent considerations. In addition, it is expected to contribute to reducing practical confusion in determining control by presenting a step-by-step review through case on whether or not to have power to judge control when holding voting rights of less than a majority.

The Critical Reception of Mark Twain's Introduction to English as She is Taught

The Critical Reception of Mark Twain's Introduction to <i>English as She is Taught</i>

O Proto-Tupi-Guarani não tinha uma oclusiva velar palatalizada

Abstract This paper addresses one of the open issues in the reconstruction of Proto-Tupi-Guarani (PTG) segmental phonology: The status of the *k -*kʲ opposition. We argue that the contrast is artifactual and that the presumed evidence in favor of PTG *kʲ can be considered as secondary developments of PTG *k in Kayabí, Guarayu, Kagwahiva, Tenetehára, Kamayurá, and Ka’apor. We establish additional facts regarding the structure of PTG and the historical phonology of TG languages, also showing that this finding eliminates the need for an unmotivated split in Pre-PTG history, a problematic feature of current reconstructions of the Proto-Tupian consonant system.