History Of Addiction Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Acceptance-commitment Therapy and Emotion Regulation Training on Impulsivity and Distress Tolerance in People with a History of Drug Addiction

The Effectiveness of Acceptance-commitment Therapy and Emotion Regulation Training on Impulsivity and Distress Tolerance in People with a History of Drug Addiction

Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes, Disposition, and Acute Care of Children and Adolescents Treated for Acetaminophen Toxicity.

Acetaminophen is a common cause of intentional and inadvertent overdoses among children and adolescents worldwide. Little is known about characteristics and clinical outcomes of these youths. The primary goal of this naturalistic study was to describe the psychiatric characteristics, medical management, outcomes, and dispositions of children and adolescents evaluated for excessive acetaminophen exposure. The Rochester Epidemiology Project database was searched for all patients ages 0-18 treated for excessive acetaminophen exposure in Olmsted County, Minnesota, during a 7-year period (2004-2010). Demographic factors, overdose intentionality, medical and psychiatric treatment, mental health and addiction history, and disposition from the emergency department (ED) were documented. Of 110 cases of acetaminophen overdose (89 female patients and 21 male patients), 97 (88%) were intentional and 13 (12%) were unintentional. Fifteen patients (14%) were discharged from the ED, and 69 (63%) required admission to a medical unit. Sixty-four (59%) received N-acetylcysteine. Ninety-eight (89%) were evaluated by psychiatry, and 80 (73%) were admitted for psychiatric hospitalization. Most had at least one psychiatric diagnosis, most commonly depression (55%); 22 (20%) had a prior suicide attempt. Substance use was common, notably alcohol dependence (N=16, 15%), alcohol abuse (N=18, 16%), and cannabis abuse (N=18, 16%). All survived and recovered without liver transplant. Among pediatric patients with acetaminophen overdoses, psychiatric comorbidities and substance use were common. Most received both inpatient medical and psychiatric treatment. Interventions that restrict acetaminophen access are needed for this population, as are suicide risk reduction interventions for delivery in emergency settings.

Assessment of Attitudes Towards Medication-Assisted Drug Treatment Options among an Incarcerated Population

ABSTRACT Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is the state-of-the-art approach to treating opioid use disorder (OUD). Although OUD is prevalent among justice-involved populations, their attitudes toward MAT are largely unknown. Injectable extended release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is a MAT option, that is, unlike others, an opioid antagonist. We assess beliefs about XR-NTX as compared to methadone, a gold-standard pure opioid agonist MAT modality, in a sample of incarcerated men and women. Self-report data were collected from randomly selected adults (n = 1,570) residing in therapeutic communities (TCs) in 23 state correctional facilities. Distinct instruments addressed XR-NTX (n = 830) and methadone (n = 741). Prior knowledge and exposure to XR-NTX, and race, were significantly associated with positive beliefs about XR-NTX. Addiction history, race, beliefs about behavioral change, and a preference for injection over oral medications were positively associated with the average likelihood of opting for post-release XR-NTX treatment. Implications for health and correctional policy are discussed.

Risk Factors for Interpersonal Violence in Prison: Evidence From Longitudinal Administrative Prison Data in Northern Ireland

The present study uses a prospective longitudinal research design to examine whether previously identified risk factors for prison interpersonal violence can predict violent prison misconduct in Northern Ireland (NI). Administrative data drawn from the records of 429 adult males imprisoned on November 22, 2017 were used to predict involvement in violent prison misconduct during a 1-year follow-up period. The results revealed that only a small number of previously identified risk factors were found to be significant in the NI context. Nationality, neighborhood deprivation, history of addiction, submission of prison complaints, past involvement in prison misconduct, and number of incarcerations emerged as significant, while religion, head injury/epilepsy, property offences, and prison visits were significant at the marginal level. Given the variation in risk factors identified as significant in the NI context compared to previous research, it is argued that cultural context matters when attempting to generalize the risk factors for prison interpersonal violence from one jurisdiction to another. These results offer some support for the importation theory, although it should be noted that the inclusion of prison environmental factors was limited due to the nature of the data. It is argued that specialist services and supports should be provided to address the factors contributing to interpersonal prison violence, including interventions to improve feelings of fairness, identify and treat underlying medical issues, as well as support visitation.

Rethinking Home-based Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy for Persons Who Inject Drugs: An Opportunity for Change in the Time of COVID-19.

Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) refers to the monitored provision of intravenous antibiotics for complicated infections outside of a hospital setting, typically in a rehabilitation facility, an infusion center, or the home. Home-based OPAT allows for safe completion of prolonged courses of therapy while decreasing costs to the healthcare system, minimizing the risk of hospital-related infectious exposures for patients, and permitting patients to recover in a familiar environment. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, during which nursing facilities have been at the center of many outbreaks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, completion of antimicrobial therapy in the home is an even more appealing option. Persons who inject drugs (PWID) frequently present with infectious complications of their injection drug use which require long courses of parenteral therapy. However, these individuals are frequently excluded from home-based OPAT on the basis of their addiction history. This commentary describes perceived challenges to establishing home-based OPAT for PWID, discusses ways in which this is discriminatory and unsupported by available data, highlights ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated inequities in care, and proposes a multidisciplinary approach championed by Addiction specialists to increasing implementation of OPAT for appropriate patients with substance use disorders.

Family and Child Risk Factors for Early-Life RSV Illness

Most infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do not meet common "high-risk" criteria and are otherwise healthy. The objective of this study was to quantify the risks and relative importance of socioeconomic factors for severe, early-life RSV-related illness. We hypothesized several of these factors, particularly those indicating severe social vulnerability, would have statistically significant associations with increased RSV hospitalization rates and may offer impactful targets for population-based RSV prevention strategies, such as prophylaxis programs. We used linked health, laboratory, and sociodemographic administrative data for all children born in Ontario (2012-2018) to identify all RSV-related hospitalizations occurring before the third birthday or end of follow-up (March 31, 2019). We estimated rate ratios and population attributable fractions using a fully adjusted model. A total of 11 782 RSV-related hospitalizations were identified among 789 484 children. Multiple socioeconomic factors were independently associated with increased RSV-related admissions, including young maternal age, maternal criminal involvement, and maternal history of serious mental health and/or addiction concerns. For example, an estimated 4.1% (95% confidence interval: 2.2 to 5.9) of RSV-related admissions could be prevented by eliminating the increased admissions risks among children whose mothers used welfare-based drug insurance. Notably, 41.6% (95% confidence interval: 39.6 to 43.5) of admissions may be prevented by targeting older siblings (eg, through vaccination). Many social factors were independently associated with early-life RSV-related hospitalization. Existing RSV prophylaxis and emerging vaccination programs should consider the importance of both clinical and social risk factors when determining eligibility and promoting compliance.

Exposure to chewing tobacco promotes primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and regional lymph node metastasis by alterations of SDF1α/CXCR4 axis.

A high incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is observed in South-East Asian countries due to addictions such as chewing tobacco. Local invasion and distant metastases are primary causes of poor prognosis in OSCC. This study aimed to understand the alterations in metastasis biomarkers, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1 or SDF1α) and its receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), in OSCC patient samples that were stratified based on the history of addiction to chewing tobacco. Targeted immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were performed on primary tumour and metastatic lymph node (LN) tissues in parallel. Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), activated form of its cognate receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Met (p-Met), GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 (Gab1), phospho-protein kinase B (pAkt), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were observed in primary tumour and metastatic lymph nodes in both chewer and non-chewer cohorts. Variance analysis showed significant positive correlation between them (P<.0001) indicating upregulation of these biomarkers upon ligand-induced activation of c-Met in both tobacco chewers and non-chewers. Significantly higher expressions of SDF1α and CXCR4 were observed in both primary tumours and metastatic lymph nodes of tobacco chewers (P<.0001) and coincided with overexpressed HGF. In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between expression of HGF and that of SDF1α and CXCR4 in non-chewers. Together, our findings provide important insights into the association of HGF/c-Met and the SDF1α/CXCR4 axis in lymph node metastasis and to an aetiological link with the habit of chewing tobacco.

Determinants of quality of life in patients with psoriasis attending the dermatology outpatient clinic in a tertiary care center: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: (1) To assess the clinical variables adversely affecting the quality of life (QoL) in patients with psoriasis and (2) to study the correlation between the clinical severity of psoriasis and the extent of impact of psoriasis on the QoL of the patient. Materials and Methods: After obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent from individual study subject, consecutive patients with psoriasis above 18 years attending the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary referral center from January 2015 to December 2015 were included in this cross-sectional study. Clinical severity of the disease was assessed using psoriasis area severity index (PASI). The QoL was assessed using psoriasis disability index (PDI) questionnaire. Results: There was a significant correlation between the clinical severity score and the total PDI score (P &lt; 0.001). In PDI, the work-related questions scored the maximum (5/9, 55.5%) followed by the daily activities related questions (6.06/15, 40.4%). Patients with early age of onset, history of addiction, and history of itching had high PDI scores, but a statistically significant association was noted only for itching. There was no statistically significant association for both mean PASI and PDI scores with gender, marital status, employment status, and family history of psoriasis in our study. Limitations: Small sample size and the study conducted in a referral hospital not reflecting the status in the community were the major limitations of our study. Conclusion: Assessment of psoriasis severity should include both clinical and psychological measures. Pharmacological intervention along with psychological support will bring about a better treatment outcome and help the patients to lead a better life.

Post-traumatic Growth in Women With Histories of Addiction and Victimization Residing in a Sober Living Home.

Research consistently documents the deleterious sequelae of interpersonal trauma, including domestic and sexual violence (DSV). More recently, however, researchers and practitioners have focused on positive outcomes, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG), in survivors of DSV. Although research has begun to document the prevalence and correlates of PTG, no study to our knowledge has explored PTG in a sample of women with histories of addiction and victimization residing in a trauma-informed sober living home (SLH). The purpose of the current study was to examine this gap in the literature. Participants were 59 women (89.8% White; 86.4% heterosexual; mean age = 41.6) who completed a survey while residing in a SLH. Most women reported moderate to high levels of PTG. At the bivariate level PTG was related to less depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and financial worries, and greater active coping, and sense of community. PTG was also related to the absence of past 6-month physical intimate partner violence. In regression analyses, PTG was related to less depression and greater sense of community. These data offer insights into modifiable factors such as fostering a sense of community while also promoting mental health treatment that could be the focus of interventions to increase PTG in women with histories of addiction and victimization residing in SLHs.

Toxic Nightlife Relationships, Substance Abuse, and Mental Health: Is There a Link? A Qualitative Case Study of Two Patients.

Introduction and Aims: This article explores the role of toxic close relationships in night life on substance use disorders and mental health conditions. We also contrast the quality and effects of social relationships when doing drugs with those produced by a mental health program that fosters quality relationships between patients.Design and Methods: This qualitative case study was carried out at a mental health day care center of a hospital in Malaga (Spain). The cases of two patients with severe mental disorders and a history of drug addiction were analyzed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with every patient, semi-structured interviews about each patient with the psychologist of the medical team of the program, and medical documentation. The analysis involved a combination of inductive and deductive approaches.Results: The analysis of the data revealed, on the one hand, the influence of toxic relationships in nightlife, including violent sporadic sexual relationships, in the initiation and persistence of substance use that took part of the mental health disorder in these patients. On the other hand, the findings show that these participants' current involvement in a mental health program, which fosters quality relationships between patients, has brought emotional benefits to both of them.Discussion and Conclusion: This paper points out the relevance of considering quality of social relationships when examining substance use disorders and related mental health problems. Additionally, the findings indicate the importance of fostering quality peer relationships in mental health rehabilitation programs addressed to patients with histories of drug addiction to improve treatment outcome.

Methadone: applications in pediatric anesthesiology and critical care medicine.

Like morphine, methadone is a pure agonist at the µ opioid receptor. However, in distinction to morphine which has an elimination half-life of 2-3h, methadone has an elimination half-life of 24-36h. In addition to its effects at the µ opioid receptor, methadone is an antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and also inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitters, serotonin and norepinephrine, in the central nervous system. Given its long half-life and high oral bioavailability, methadone has had a primary role in the outpatient treatment of patients with a history of opioid abuse or addiction. However, its unique pharmacology and cellular effects make it a valuable agent in the treatment of both acute and chronic pain of various etiologies. The following manuscript reviews the pharmacologic properties of methadone and discusses its clinical applications in the practice of pediatric anesthesiology and pediatric critical care medicine.

Spectrum of Histopathological Diagnosis of Oral Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Miraj in Maharashtra State, India

Introduction: Oral cavity is a common site for many types of benign, precancerous conditions and malignant tumours as well as development of congenital and acquired lesions. Oral cancers are the most common type of cancer in Indian men and actually accounted for 40% of all forms of cancers due to tobacco addiction, representing 4% of total body cancers. In Indian females, 2% of all cancers are of oral cavity. The knowledge of aetiological factors for the development of oral cancers can make the disease preventable. Aim: To study histopathological spectrum of various oral lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study done, during the period from November 2013 to June 2017, 150 cases of oral lesions were studied at a tertiary care hospital in Miraj. All the cases were studied and histopathological diagnosis was correlated with clinical findings. The Microsoft Excel 2010 sheet was filled as per case proforma of patients. Analysis was done manually like age wise, gender wise, site wise and sex wise distribution based on the Excel sheet data. Results: The age of study population ranged from 6-80 years. Most oral cavity lesions were found in the age group 51-60 years of age group with 46/150 (30.67%) cases. Male to female ratio was 1.78:1. Malignant epithelial tumours of oral cavity comprised 100/150 cases (66.67% cases). Amongst malignant tumours, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) comprised 92/100 cases (92% cases). There was history of addiction in 96/100 cases (96% cases) with 52/100 cases as tobacco chewers (52% cases). 4/100 cases did not have history of addiction (4% cases). Conclusion: The clinical examination of the oral pathological lesions does not lead to appropriate diagnosis. The clinical diagnosis must be supplemented by ‘gold standard’ histopathological examination for confirming the malignant tendency of oral lesions.

Mass Forming Chronic Pancreatitis Mimicking a Pancreatic Neoplasm: A Case Report

Chronic pancreatitis can present as a focal inflammatory mass mimicking pancreatic neoplasm and also it has increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Even with the help of multiple new imaging modalities, convincing differentiating points between these two entities is not available. Hereby, the author present a case of 50-year-old female with epigastric pain since one month. No significant past history or any history of addictions was present. On clinical examination, there was tenderness in epigastric region, however no lump could be felt. Her laboratory parameters revealed, raised bilirubin levels. Amylase and lipase levels were slightly raised. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed heterogeneously enhancing mass involving head and uncinate process of pancreas with loss of fat planes between lesion and superior mesenteric vessels, atrophic pancreas with dilated pancreatic duct and multiple ductal calculi. CT guided biopsy of pancreatic mass was performed. Histopathology revealed pancreatic tissue with fibrocollagenous and fibroadipose tissue with dense and diffuse infiltration by mononuclear cells, histiocytes and a few foamy macrophages suggestive of acute on chronic inflammation with no evidence of any malignant cells.

A study of impact of coronavirus disease-19 pandemic on behavior and teaching of medical students

Background: Medical MBBS students are facing challenges in the unprecedented global crisis due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID -19) pandemic. They are also facing stress and anxiety and finding up various mode to cope up, learn, and acquire knowledge. Aims and Objectives: We wanted to assess the advantages and disadvantages of online teaching as well as behavioral changes in medical students as a result of lockdown due to COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Online questionnaire-based study was conducted in 112 MBBS students. The questionnaire comprised demographics, addiction history, behavioral changes, sleep disturbances, e-learning through online classes, and relaxation techniques used to combat the behavioral changes associated with COVID-19 lockdown. Results: We found that in lockdown period, the arrogance/irritation increased in 42% of students, 48.2% observed more anger, frustration, lack of energy, loneliness, and 50.9% were more anxious for little things, whereas 65.2% of students worried about future. Conclusion: We concluded that there is increase in level of stress and anxiety among MBBS students.

Higher Morbidity and Mortality in Trauma Intensive Care Unit Patients with Opium Addiction.

BackgroundOpium addiction is associated with multiple physical, psychological, and social problems. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of morbidity and mortality in opium-addicted and non-addicted trauma patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of trauma center of Kerman Province, Iran.MethodsIn this cohort study, a total of 200 addict and non-addicted patients who were admitted due to trauma in ICUs of Shahid Bahonar Hospital in Kerman during 9 months of 2018 were included. Patients were compared in terms of mortality, incidence of pressure ulcers, incidence of organ failure, duration of mechanical ventilation, and duration of hospitalization. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact test and independent t-test at P < 0.05.FindingsOut of 197 examined patients, 161 (81.7%) individuals were men and 36 (18.3%) were women. Moreover, 98 (49.7%) patients had a history of opium abuse, while 99 (50.2%) patients had no history of opium addiction. The addicted and non-addicted groups had no significant differences in terms of age (P = 0.650) and gender (P = 0.580). In addicted patients, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.027), the incidence of pressure ulcer, and organ failure were significantly higher (P < 0.001), but mean ICU stay and hospitalization time was the same in both groups.ConclusionThe results of this study indicated higher mortality and morbidity in opium-addicted patients admitted to ICU than non-addicted ones. This suggests that various systems of the body are affected by opium and, in certain circumstances such as severe diseases, this will cause problems for patients. Therefore, experts should pay attention to complications and side effects of addiction in the management of critical patients with a history of opium abuse.

Associations of substance abuse histories and gambling addiction history with post-traumatic stress symptoms and depressive symptoms among Chinese prisoners

ABSTRACT Background: Although there are over two million prisoners in China, few studies have reported the prevalence and correlates of mental health problems in this population. Objective: This study investigated the prevalence rates of trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among Chinese male prisoners and further examined the associations of substance abuse histories and gambling addiction history with PTSD and depressive symptoms. Method: Participants were 1,484 male prisoners (mean age 35.44 years, sd = 9.66) recruited from a large prison in Guangdong, China. Self-administered standardized questionnaires were used to assess trauma exposure, histories of substance abuse and perceived gambling addiction, social supports, childhood trauma, PTSD and depression. Criminal background information was extracted from jail record. Linear regressions were performed to examine the correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms. Results: Of these participants, 78.8% had experienced at least one trauma exposure, 26.7% had drug addiction, 85.5% had smoked cigarettes, 70.8% had used alcohol and 21.4% had gambling addiction before incarceration. The prevalence rates of PTSD and depression were 7.1% and 28.8%, respectively. Trauma exposure was significantly associated with PTSD and depressive symptoms, but not substance abuse histories and gambling history except for drinking. Histories of drinking and perceived gambling addiction were significantly related to PTSD and depressive symptoms after adjustment of demographics, criminal background, health status, social supports, childhood trauma and lifetime traumatic exposure. Conclusions: Trauma exposure, PTSD and depression are common among prisoners. Furthermore, this study for the first time demonstrates a significant relationship between gambling addiction history and PTSD.

A retrospective assessment of parental attitudes in alcohol dependent and non-dependent groups

Aim: The aim of the studies was to verify whether an alcohol-dependent group differs in terms of retrospectively assessed parental attitudes from a non-dependent group (study 1) as well as whether there are differences between individuals with alcohol dependence having or not having an addicted parent in terms of the retrospectively assessed parental attitudes (study 2). Materials and methods: 121 individuals with alcohol dependence and 121 people with no dependence took part in study 1 (in both groups there were 37 women and 84 men). 221 individuals with alcohol dependence (55 women and 166 men) participated in study 2. Mieczysław Plopa’s Questionnaire of Retrospective Assessment of Parental Attitudes (KPR-Roc) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) were used in the studies. Results: The outcome of study 1 proved that the individuals with alcohol dependence score higher in comparison with those non-dependent in terms of variables Mother Protectiveness, Father Demanding and Father Inconsequence and score lower for variables Father Acceptance/Rejection and Father Autonomy. The results of study 2 show that alcohol-dependent women with a family history of alcohol addiction tended to score lower for variables Mother Acceptance/Rejection, Father Acceptance/Rejection, Father Autonomy and Father Protectiveness in comparison with the non-dependent women with no family history of alcohol addiction. Whereas men addicted to alcohol with a family history of alcohol addiction score higher for the variable Father Acceptance/Rejection and higher concerning variables Father Demanding and Father Inconsequence in comparison with the addicted male group with no family history of alcohol addiction. Conclusion: Alcohol-dependent individuals have a tendency to assess more adversely the father’s attitude in comparison with the non-dependent group. Having an alcohol-dependent parent among individuals with alcohol dependence differentiates mainly the retrospective assessment of the father.

Applying feminist criminology to social work criminal justice research: treating addiction, mental health, and victimization

ABSTRACT While the Smart Decarceration movement was developed by social work academics to encourage research on reducing the U.S. criminal justice population, justice-involved women have thus far been largely excluded from this initiative. This paper offers a conceptual review of research on justice-involved women, paying particular attention to the field of feminist criminology. This review illustrates the unique challenges and experiences that are involved in the circumstances of women offenders; we point out both the relative dearth of much-needed research around justice-involved women and more importantly the tremendous opportunity for future study to help in the decarceration effort. This article ultimately argues that the Smart Decarceration movement will remain incomplete without the incorporation of feminist criminology research to simultaneously address the addiction, mental health, and victimizations histories common among justice-involved women.

Addiction history moderates the effect of prefrontal 10-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation on habitual action selection.

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) transition more quickly from goal-directed to habitual action-selection, but the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Data from animal models suggest that drugs of abuse can modify the neurocircuits that regulate action-selection, enhancing circuits that drive inflexible, habit-based stimulus-response (S-R) action-selection and weakening circuits that drive flexible, goal-directed actions. Here, we tested the effect of bilateral 10-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (10Ηz-tACs) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on action-selection in men and women with a SUD history and an age- and sex-matched control group. We tested the hypothesis that true 10Ηz-tACS versus active sham stimulation would reduce perseverative errors after changed response contingencies for well-learned S-R associations, reflecting reduced habit-based action-selection, specifically in the SUD group. We found that 10 Hz-tACS increased perseverative errors in the control group, but in the SUD group, 10 Hz-tACS effects on perseverative errors depended on substance abuse duration: a longer addiction history was associated with a greater reduction of perseverative errors. These results suggest that 10Ηz-tACs altered circuit level dynamics regulating behavioral flexibility, and provide a foundation for future studies to test stimulation site, frequency, and timing specificity. Moreover, these data suggest that chronic substance abuse is associated with altered circuit dynamics that are ameliorated by 10Ηz-tACs. Determining the generalizability of these effects and their duration merits investigation as a direction for novel therapeutic interventions. These findings are timely based on growing interest in transcranial stimulation methods for treating SUDs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Treating the executive dysfunction associated with addiction is hampered by redundancies in pharmacological regulation of different behavioral control circuits. Thus, nonpharmacological interventions hold promise for addiction treatment. Here, we show that, among people with an addiction history, 10-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (10Hz-tACS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can reduce habitual actions. The fact that 10Hz-tACS can regulate behavioral flexibility suggests its possible utility in reducing harmful habitual actions.

Semen analysis – An evaluation of 170 cases in rural India

Introduction: Semen Analysis, despite its limitations, remains the single most important test for evaluating male factor of infertility. The methods for evaluation of male infertility typically have been limited to a semen analysis that evaluates sperm count, motility, and morphology. Recently WHO have set lower reference limits for the examination and processing of human semen in 2010. Aims and Objectives To evaluate male factor of infertility with help of WHO laboratory manual for semen analysis. To know the role of addiction in deranged semen analysis among males in rural population. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Indian Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Warudi Tq Badnapur, Dist Jalna from 1st of February 2017 to 1st February 2018. A cross sectional study of 170 cases of semen analysis was carried out in details during period of 1 year. A detailed history of patient was taken, history of addiction was noted and reporting was done as per WHO guidelines. Results: Total 170 cases were studied.17.6% cases had low semen volume. 12.9% cases had prolonged liquefaction time. 35.3% patients had oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Motility was affected in 45.9% cases and viability in 11.7% cases. Morphology was affected in 10.3% cases. 73.4% cases show some kind of addiction. Conclusion: Motility is the commonest factor found deranged in semen analysis in our study. Some forms of morphological defects are common in semen samples and should be noted. Addiction plays important role in deciding fertility of the patient and should be given due importance. Keywords: Male infertility, Semen analysis.