Addictive Personality Research Articles

The relationship between women’s personality traits and addiction to social networking sites on the example of Facebook

IntroductionSocial network addicts may differ significantly from non-addicts in terms of personality traits, such as agreeableness, neuroticism, and conscientiousness. Addicts may be prone to negative emotions and unpleasant experiences, which may be associated with a higher level of neuroticism. Addicts often fail to cope in the real world, often experience negative emotions, quickly give up their goals, see themselves and others in a negative light, and escape into virtual reality. The virtual world is devoid of the anxiety that an individual faces in real life interactions, hence the tendency for addiction among people with higher levels of neuroticism. The primary cause of Internet Addiction may be innate temperamental traits (i.e., impulsiveness of behavior and impulsiveness of decisions) that influence the susceptibility to functional and chemical addictions. According to the concept of addictive personality, people who have this problem are prone to addiction as such, regardless of what they are addicted to.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to generally assess the degree of women’s dependence on social networking sites on the example of Facebook, taking into account personality traits according to the five-factor model of personality, the so-called Big Five by Costa and McCraeMethodsThe study included 556 women. This survey-based study was carried out using the questionnaire technique. The following research tools were used to analyze behavioral addictions in adult women: the Bergen Face- book Addiction Scale (BFAS), the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI) and the author’s questionnaire.ResultsAmong the surveyed women, 69.6% were average Facebook users, of whom 16.4% had scores indicating possible Facebook addiction, and 14.0% had scores indicating addiction. The higher the neuroticism, the more serious the Facebook addiction (r = 0.26; p < 0.001; R2 = 6.7%). A weak negative correlation was obtained for the agreeableness subscale e (r = -0.08; p < 0.05; R2 = 7.2%). A weak negative correlation was also obtained for the subscale of conscientiousness (r = -0.16; p < 0.001; R2 = 2.6%). There was no statistically significant correlation between the log10 score obtained on the BFAS and the score on the NEO-FFI subscales of extraversion (r = 0.04; p = 0.40) and openness to experience (r = 0.04; p = 0.30).ConclusionsThe personality types of the studied women indicated relationships in terms of behavioral addictions. Women characterized by neuroticism showed stronger addiction to Facebook. Women characterized by high conscientiousness were at lower risk of behavioral addictions, while agreeableness as a personality trait significantly protected the surveyed women against Facebook addiction.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Living with Substance Abused Spouse: A Phenomenological Approach

Introduction: Substance abuse is social problem throughout the world due to which not only the life of addicted person but also his families especially his spouses are also affected. Aim: The current study aimed to explore the lived experiences of the spouses of substance abused men and the impact of their husband addiction problem on different aspects of their lives. Material and Method: The design of this study was a cross sectional study design and this study was conducted at Mayo Hospital Lahore. A sample size of eight (N=8) were recruited. Interview guide consists of open ended questions which were developed for the purpose of data collection. Semi structured interview approach was employed for conducting interview. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Results: Results from analysis yielded eleven super ordinate themes. These includes social support, challenges on societal level, unhealthy home environment, unhealthy relationship supportive wife, financial instability, physiological problems, psychological complaints, change in personality, concerned mother and religious coping. Conclusion: The results will contribute to understanding the impact of substance abuse of men on their spouses. It will help in developing an educational program for those people who are the risk by increasing their awareness and changing their behavior for preventing addiction problem and will also aid in developing counseling plans for the spouses of substance abusers. Keywords: Substance abuse, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, Financial Instability, Religious Coping

Реабилитационный потенциал социально-психологического сопровождения семей с проблемами алкогольной или наркотической зависимости

<p>The rehabilitation potential of socio-psychological maintenance for families with problems of chemical addictions is proposed here to be considered as a resource for overcoming real addictions. The relevance of this study is due to actual need for developing a basic approach – the strong scientific evidence-based substantiation of the organization of psychological assistance to concrete family with problems of alcohol and/or drug addiction ones. The simultaneous existence of such problem of addictive behavior and personality deformation under global influence of psychoactive substances use, together with the phenomenon of co-dependent behavior, was shown here. As a result, the entire family system suffers, and patterns of negative behavior are formed among all other family members. The need for namely comprehensive consideration of this family problem is confirmed. As the author's experience, the effectiveness of maintenance-working with families with alcohol addiction in the ANO “Center for Social and Psychological Support of People with Alcohol, Drug and Other Types of Addiction "Goal (Moscow) is considered here.</p>

Evaluation of abstinence motivation for people who have alcohol dependence

Problem. Alcohol addiction is an important problem for both society and healthcare. A lot of scientific research on the problems, conse-quences and treatment of alcohol consumption has been carried out in the world and in Lithuania, but there is a lack of deeper analysis of personal experiences related to the motivation of addicted persons, their opinion about treatment and needs.
 Aim of the study is to assess the motivation for sobriety of alcohol-dependent persons.
 Methods. A qualitative study was conducted using a semi-structured interview and analyzing the data using the qualitative content analysis method. The study participants are 6 alcohol-dependent persons who continue treatment in the psychosocial rehabilitation department during the study.
 Results and Conclusions. Based on the statements of the participants in the study, it was found out that it was not easy for the respondents to give up alcohol: they distanced themselves from friends who drank alcohol, they felt awkward and stupid when they had to explain why they did not drink, it was unpleasant to see drunken friends with sober eyes, it was difficult to figure out what to do, especially on weekends. The participants decided to pursue sobriety based on external and internal motivation. External motivating factors family members, relatives, colleagues, lost work and property; internal - deteriorated health, relationship problems in the family, stigmatizing society's attitude, self-loathing.

Pornography and Its Impact on Adolescent/Teenage Sexuality

Adolescents/Teenagers are exposed to pornography due to a variety of factors and it is accepted as a process of sexual exploration/normal development of sexuality. However, early exposure to pornography and unregulated/excess exposure to pornography during the formative years of adolescence has been seen to have various long-term deleterious effects on sexual maturation, sexual behavior, Internet addiction, and overall personality development. To safeguard the growing minds of the teens from the harmful effects of pornography, few rules/regulations have been passed in India as well as banning of porn sites. However, there are very limited research on the impact of pornography on various aspects of adolescents’ growth and development. This mini-review covers the issues pertinent to the effect of pornography with regard to adolescent sexuality.

The Relationship between Personality Traits and Facebook Addiction among Adolescents in an Urban, Rural and Semi-Rural Secondary School.

Facebook is and was intended to provide a place for friends to connect within the bustling academic environment and to encourage openness for ideas and interests. When used sparingly, it can provide an individual with a sense of group belonging and connection, sharing and offering hope and advice. The misuse of Facebook can have detrimental effects on one’s quality of life that often lead to addiction. In this correlation design study, secondary-school-aged adolescents’ Facebook addiction was compared to personality attributes. Through a convenience sample, 240 teenagers in total (106 men and 134 females) were chosen. The respondents answered questions about their demographics, Facebook Addiction, and Junior Eysenck Personality. The findings showed a substantial inverse correlation between Facebook addiction and neuroticism (r = −0.260, p < 0.01) and psychoticism (r = −0.189, p < 0.01). There was no discernible statistical link between Facebook Addiction and Extraversion. The study comes to the conclusion that although social networking sites such as Facebook have good effects on adolescents’ lives, their use needs to be regulated, the risks were highlighted, and at-risk individuals can receive intervention approaches, such as social skills training.

Is a brain-based understanding of addiction predominant? An assessment of addiction researchers' conceptions of addiction and their evaluation of brain-based explanations.

Brain-based explanations of addiction have become a prominent explanatory model in recent decades. Although opposing views have been published, there is no large-scale study of researchers' opinions, unlike for treatment staff, the public and affected individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to examine international addiction researchers' perspectives on: (i) brain-based explanations of addiction; (ii) the perceived dominance of the concept in science, society, treatment and among those affected; and (iii) researchers' general conception of addiction in terms of ontologies and causes. A sample of 1440 international addiction researchers was compiled. Views were assessed online via LimeSurvey using a 'mixed methods light' approach (Likert-type scales, free-text fields). Qualitative content analyses of free-text comments complemented descriptive statistics. One hundred and ninety researchers participated (13.19% response). The classification of substance use disorders as brain diseases/disorders was shared by about 60% of the respondents. Approximately 80% considered it the dominant view in science, but fewer in treatment, society and affected persons. Approximately 75% found it an oversimplification, but regarded it as helpful for understanding substance use disorders. Altogether, various biological, psychological and social factors were considered causal. Comments indicated that an over-simplistic nature of brain-based explanations of addiction was viewed as particularly problematic. A rejection of a simplistic view of addiction in favour of a multi-causal concept in which the brain plays a role seems to be the majority view of participating researchers. Therefore, the orientation of future research, treatment and support for addicted persons need to be reconsidered accordingly.

A qualitative assessment of perceptions and attitudes toward postoperative pain and opioid use in patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy.

Background:Orthopedic surgeons routinely prescribe opioids to manage post-operative pain. In the face of an opioid epidemic, a one-size-fits-all approach to pain management is no longer appropriate. Patient-centred prescribing practices should be used by surgeons; however, little is known about what influences patient attitudes toward postoperative pain and its management to inform such practices. We sought to explore patient attitudes toward postsurgical pain management, including opioids.Methods:We conducted qualitative, semistructured interviews of 11 opioid-naive patients (age 16–46 yr) who were scheduled to undergo arthroscopic knee surgery. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using a framework analysis that involved familiarization, developing a thematic framework, indexing, charting and mapping, and interpretation.Results:Participant attitudes toward postoperative pain and opioids were influenced by perceived tolerance to pain based on personal experience, perceived predisposition to addiction based on personal assumptions regarding addictive personality traits and risk factors, and perceptions of opioid use shaped by external influences, including family, friends and the media’s depiction of the opioid epidemic. Every patient expressed that preoperative counselling and education regarding postoperative pain management would be beneficial in improving their knowledge base, easing anxieties and clarifying misunderstandings.Conclusion:Surgeons can address the patient-reported factors identified in this study to help optimize a patient’s perioperative experience without relying solely on prescribed analgesia. By improving accessibility to education and promoting safe, patient-centred prescribing practices, we may reduce reliance on opioids in orthopedic surgery.

A Comparative Study of Personality Profile among Patients with Alcohol use Disorder and Opioid use Disorder

Background: In India, two most common substances for which people seek treatment are alcohol and opioids. Theconceptualization of personality in substance users shifted from the notion of an “addictive personality” to recognitionthat certain personality traits specifically impulsivity, sensation-seeking, novelty-seeking, low agreeableness andconscientiousness, high neuroticism are associated with substance use disorders and influence their development,maintenance and course.Methods: 70 people with alcohol related disorders and 70 patients with opioid related disorders diagnosed by DSM 5were interviewed with SADQ, LEEDS and NEO FFI3 to assess severity of substance related disorders and personality ofthose patients.Results: The study showed than neuroticism (32.25±4.22) was more in severe alcohol dependence patients and sowas extraversion (31.50±3.94). agreeableness (38.00±5.57) and conscientiousness (40.33±4.73) was more in the mildphysical dependency group. Openness to experience had similar ranges in all the 3 dependency groups. Neuroticism(38.25±3.55) was very high in high dependency OUD group and so was extraversion (34.92±3.65). Openness to experience,agreeableness and conscientiousness had neutral findings in all the three dependence category.Discussion: Previous studies showed agreeableness and conscientiousness were high in alcohol related disorders and inOpioid dependant patients neuroticism and extraversion were high. Our findings are also in the same way. Hence, therewas significant association between the personality profile factors and the type of substance dependence and severity.

Film or mirror? The exploration of narratives during the road from recognition to recovery of addictive disorders

IntroductionThe examination of the cinematic metanarrative provides many possibilities for recovery-oriented addiction consultation. The key to efficiency can be the approach of the recipient’s point of view and attitude, with which the client can interpret his own traumas and life story retrospectively.ObjectivesOur aim is to show that the recognition, the turning points, the acknowledgement and the recovery from addiction can be described as a model in the deep structure of recovery stories. Can narrative research explore more deeply the main stages of recovery andidentity shaping, with the possible use of the film’s narrative technique?Methods12 recovering addicts were interviewed who have been clean for at least 4 years. Interviews covered the years spent as addicts and the path to recovery using the method of deductive metanarrative analysis.ResultsBased on the results of the analysis, elements of the film narrative could be found together major psychoanalysis concepts and literary theory models in the semi-structured interviews. Emotion control dysregulation all appear in the stories. Together these can be traced to a summary narrative and a historical line. Furthermore, the addicted person as a hero, the compulsion to repeat and its spookiness, and the role of the helpers also appear in the retrospective narratives without exception.ConclusionsThe well-structured, coherent recovery stories help the recoverer to reconstruct their self, to make the behavioral change permanent, thus reducing the chances of relapse. The film narrative and toolkit provide an opportunity based on similarities with the narrator’s framework, which can strengthen the recovering identity.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Drug detection tests and the important factors and effects of the development of addiction

Drug addiction is a serious issue. A lot of psychopathic drugs are in use, but mainly methamphetamine. Addiction is a problem not only for the addicted person but also affected family and the entire society. Addicted persons lose control of their actions and so commit different crimes such as stealing, raping and killing. They may end up committing suicide. In this review article, we analyze the causes of addiction, absorption of methamphetamine into the body, its effects on cells and the analytical tool to detect the chemicals.

Uzależnienie i współuzależnienie od alkoholu w rodzinie a postępowanie mediacyjne

Introduction: The phenomenon of alcohol addiction encompasses not only the addicted person , but also his family, and so the spouse and children. Co-addiction is a syndrome of psychological symptoms arising from living in a family with an alcoholic, being a direct effect of one of the family members’ addiction. Research Aim : The article draws attention to the importance of interpersonal communication in family life. Overcoming barriers to communication, recognizing and naming emotions can also be a way of overcoming conflict situations in the family. The considerations contained in the article are the result of analysis of the scientific literature dedicated to families with alcohol dependence. Evidence-based Facts : Addiction and co-dependence on alcohol they are a serious problems that must be resolved so that all family members can live in balance. The addicted person and his/her family can benefit from psychotherapy, family therapy, support groups, but also mediation. Summary : Mediation is a method of resolving conflict situations and an effective tool for communication, building dialogue, and thus overcoming difficult situations.

Freedom and Choice of an Addictive Personality: a Person Between "Homo Liturgicus" and "Hackable Animal"

The article examines the concept of addiction and the features of an addictive personality through the prism of the attachment-based development approach of Gordon Neufeld. Neurophysiological features of the formation of the "addictive brain" are shown. The phenomenon of healthy mature attachment as a space of addiction therapy is investigated. The necessity of focusing on the choice and responsibility of an addictive personality is substantiated. The concept of a "separation complex" in the understanding of Gordon Neufeld is analyzed. The relationship between addiction and trauma, addiction and love is analyzed. The thesis about the interchangeability of addictions is revealed. The concept of post-traumatic growth of an addictive personality is investigated, provided that the responsibility for satisfying hunger and eliminating deficits in relation to oneself and others is realized. The article for the first time analyzes the formation of addiction within the framework of the attachment-based development approach of Gordon Neufeld. The directions for reinterpretation of trauma from the point of view of its contribution to the growth of personality are proposed. The emphasis is placed on the choice, freedom, responsibility of an addictive personality for the realization of his own potential

A unified methodology for psycho-social assessment of minors: A psychometric analysis of the results

Introduction. The relevance of this study is determined, on the one hand, by the need for prevention and early identification of deviant behaviors among minors against the background of the growth of epidemiology and forms of addictive behaviors among other forms of risk behaviors of schoolchildren and students, on the other hand, by the lack of appropriate diagnostic tools that have been validated by the appropriate psychometric procedures. Currently, in the Russian Federation, a unified method of socio-psychological assessment of minors (hereinafter ‘UM-SPT’) is being massively implemented. It is aimed at identifying the latent and obvious risks within socio-psychological conditions that determine psychological readiness for addictive behaviors in adolescents and young people. The aim of this study was to conduct an empirical analysis of the psychometric indicators within "UM-SPT" (e.g. reliability, validity, discriminativeness) in order to reveal the limitations of the methodology and its application in the regions. Materials and Methods. The data were processed using parametric and nonparametric criteria for communication, differences, consistency (Pearson, Student, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, Fisher, Cronbach, and Spearman). Various types of statistical data analysis (correlation, regression, variance, factor) were used. Statistical data processing was carried out both manually and using the Statistica software package. The research was conducted in different regions of the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 5100 people. Results. The authors found that all three forms of the technique have high indicators of synchronicity, internal consistency, and stability of the results. On the other hand, the study revealed factors of result distortion associated with the age, gender and region of residence of the subjects. An analysis of descriptive statistics showed a fairly high percentage of monotonous and stereotyped responses. When comparing the results of factor analysis with the content of the basic components of an addictive personality (‘self-control of behavior’, ‘attitude to norms’, ‘focus’, ‘conflict’, ‘strategies for overcoming cultural pressure’, ‘emotional sphere’, ‘a conflict with the social environment’), ameaningful coincidence of the factor structure with the content of these components was found. A disproportionate ratio of risk and protection factors in all three forms of the technique introduces significant distortions in the diagnostic results. Conclusions. The authors revealed and described the limitations of the methodology and risk areas of its application in the regions. The main indicators of reliability, validity, discriminativeness were identified on representative samples. Recommendations for improving the inventory were proposed.

Affected other interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis across addictions.

Background and AimsIndividuals impacted by someone else’s alcohol, illicit drug, gambling and gaming problems (affected others) experience extensive harms. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions delivered to affected others across addictions.MethodsThis review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. An electronic database search (PsycInfo, Medline, Cinahl and EMBASE) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until August 2021 was conducted. RCTs with passive control groups, evaluating psychosocial tertiary interventions delivered to affected others of people with addictions (problematic alcohol use, substance use, gambling or gaming) that did not require the involvement of the addicted person, were included.ResultsTwenty included studies, published in 22 articles, mainly evaluated interventions for alcohol use, followed by gambling and illicit drugs, with none investigating gaming interventions. The interventions mainly targeted partners/spouses and focused upon improving affected other outcomes, addicted person outcomes or both. Meta‐analyses revealed beneficial intervention effects over control groups on some affected other (depressive symptomatology [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.67, –0.29], life satisfaction (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI = −0.71, −0.03) and coping style (SMD = −1.33, 95% CI = −1.87, –0.79), addicted person [treatment entry, risk ratio (RR) = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75–0.98] and relationship functioning outcomes (marital discord, SMD = −0.40, 95% CI = −0.61, −0.18) at post‐intervention. No beneficial intervention effects were identified at short‐term follow‐up (4–11 months post‐treatment). The beneficial intervention effects identified at post‐treatment remained when limiting to studies of alcohol use and therapist‐delivered interventions.ConclusionsPsychosocial interventions delivered to affected others of people with addictions (problematic alcohol use, substance use, gambling or gaming) may be effective in improving some, but not all, affected other (depression, life satisfaction, coping), addicted person (treatment) and relationship functioning (marital discord) outcomes for affected others across the addictions, but the conclusion remains tentative due to limited studies and methodological limitations.

Neuropsychological Correlates of Internet Addiction.

The Internet, mobile phones, and other similar tools are often necessary for the current functioning of both private life and business. During these two years of pandemic (2019-2021), Internet use, especially different games and mobile phones, were indispensable for the global population. Internet addiction is defined as a psychological dependence on the internet, regardless of the type of activity once logged on. Many studies have confirmed the correlation of stress, depression, and anxiety with internet addiction. It has also been proven that internet addiction, per se, increases the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated and promoted social isolation along with unmonitored and increased screen time, all of which are the main causes of internet addiction. The aim of this article is to give a short review of internet addiction research, terminology, and symptoms related to brain functioning. The source material was articles cited in the database, PubMed. Our interest was especially oriented towards the personality characteristics of users and addicted persons as well as neuroimage findings among affected people. We selected the newest articles, published in the period of 2012-2021, of which there are more than 2000. The selected obtained results will be presented and discussed.

On the subject of drug addiction. The use of profiling for the examination of drug abuser’s behaviour

By the use of profiling and the analysis of the deviant behavioural conduct in general terms, the figure and the behaviour of the drug abuser is examined in his peculiar features as well. In this way a behavioural model reference could rise in those cases in which there is an addicted person or a presumed one. In this paper are also introduced the New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), new drugs that cause important psychological and psychical consequences on individuals who are used to consume them. Therefore, thanks to this focus on familiar, social, environmental and psychopathological causes of the drug abuser, we try to understand his possible relation with criminality and if some initial signals could be identified in order to allow us to recognize an addicted person, introducing in this regard another useful device, the psychographic examination. Finally, also new kind of addictions are here presented together with how they could widen this study, including the particular epidemic situation caused by Covid-19.

Common Features in Compulsive Sexual Behavior, Substance Use Disorders, Personality, Temperament, and Attachment-A Narrative Review.

Do addictions share common traits of an “addictive personality” or do different addictions have distinct personality profiles? This narrative review examines the differences in the associations between substance use disorder (SUD) and compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), on the one hand, and personality traits, attachment dispositions, and temperament, on the other hand. We found that both people with a SUD and people with CSBD tended to be more spontaneous, careless, and less reliable, to place self-interest above getting along with others, to show emotional instability and experience negative emotions such as anger, anxiety, and/or depression, to be less able to control their attention and/or behavior, and to be engulfed with a constant sensation of “wanting”. Only people with CSBD, but not SUD, noted concerns with their social ties, fear of losing close others, and/or trusting others around them. Results also suggested that people with a SUD and people with CSBD share high commonalities in personality traits and temperament, yet there are noted differences in their social tendencies, especially with close others. People with CSBD reported more concerns with possible relationship losses compared to people with SUD issues, who may be more worried about losing their source of escapism.

The Assessment of Food Addiction and the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Bariatric Surgery Populations

AbstractFood addiction (FA) appears among bariatric weight loss surgery candidates who struggle to control the intake of hyperpalatable/refined foods have high rates of psychopathology and related health problems. Despite this, prevalence rates of FA in the bariatric sector are reported as low or variable. We investigated the prevalence of FA and the applicability of conventionally used metrics for 166 pre-surgery candidates from a weight management centre (USA) and a major metropolitan hospital (Australia). Self-report measures assessed FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS)), body mass index (BMI), disordered eating, addictive personality, psychopathology, and diet. Consistent with prior research, standard YFAS scoring, requiring the endorsement of a distress/impairment (D/I) criterion (FA + D/I), yielded a FA prevalence rate of 12.7%, compared to 37.3% when D/I was omitted (FA − D/I). We compared profiles for those with FA using each scoring method against those ‘without’, who did not meet a minimum of three YFAS symptoms (non-FA ≤ 2). Both methods differentiated those with and without FA on addictive traits, disordered eating and hyperpalatable food consumption. Only FA + D/I differentiated markers of psychological distress or impairment, including depression, anxiety and quality of life. Results indicate a need for further FA research in bariatric settings.

The Relationship between Game Addiction and Personality Traits

This study aims to examine the relationship between children's game addiction and personality traits and whether children's game addiction levels differ significantly according to age, class level, and gender. This research was conducted on teenagers in the British high school of Kosovo, which is located in Pristina. The sample was composed of 239 teenagers studying at high school in Kosovo in the academic year of 2016-2017. The sample of the study consisted of 239 teenagers between the ages of 12-17. 130 (54.4%) of the participants were female and 109 (45.6%) were male. In the research, first of all, the normality of the data was tested, and since it was determined that the data were normally distributed, analyzes were carried out using parametric tests. As a result of the analysis, game addiction of children was found to be negatively correlated with a personality tra, and positively correlated with a neurotic personality trait. No relationship was found between game addiction and personality traits such as extraversion. There was no significant mean difference between game addiction and age, gender, and grade level. As a result, there is a relationship between game addiction and tender-mindedness personality traits and neuroticism. The fact that game addiction is not related to age and grade level may be due to the fact that the sample has similar developmental characteristics.