In the framework of this article, the problem of optimization of adaptive training complexes (ATC) for professional ergatic systems is formulated, based on research of systemic links, regularities of interaction and functioning of individual components of ATC. Studies of the training process in ATC have also been conducted, making possible to evaluate and improve the economic efficiency, the speed and the quality of training in ATC. The article presents the mathematical model of ATC on the basis of set theory, which is distinguished not only by the economic features of ATC design, but also by studies in the field of optimizing the learning process, assessing the speed and the quality of its implementation. The presented approach to the formalization of the main objects of ATC and the processes of their interaction allows the software and the hardware implementation of modules and subsystems of ATC. A set of criteria for optimizing ATC in several areas: economic costs, quality and time of training are formulated. Thus, the presented mathematical model of ATC can be used to solve the problem of optimizing the learning process and designing simulator complexes, adapting them to the psychophysical characteristics of the trainees, determining optimal parameters and structure of ATC, depending on the set conditions.