Adaptive Strategy Research Articles

Changes in the Yield Effect of the Preceding Crop in the US Corn Belt Under a Warming Climate.

Crop rotation has been widely used to enhance crop yields and mitigate adverse climate impacts. The existing research predominantly focuses on the impacts of crop rotation under growing season (GS) climates, neglecting the influences of non-GS (NGS) climates on agroecosystems. This oversight limits our understanding of the comprehensive climatic impacts on crop rotation and, consequently, our ability to devise effective adaptation strategies in response to climate warming. In this study, we examine the impacts of both GS and NGS climate conditions on the yield effect of the preceding crop in corn-soybean rotation systems from 1999 to 2018 in the US Midwest. Using causal forest analysis, we estimate that crop rotation increases corn and soybean yields by 0.96 and 0.22 t/ha on average, respectively. We then employ statistical models to indicate that increasing temperatures and rainfall in the NGS reduce corn rotation benefits, while warming GS enhances rotation benefits for soybeans. By 2051-2070, we project that warming climates will reduce corn rotation benefits by 6.74% under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 1-2.6 and 17.18% under SSP 5-8.5. For soybeans, warming climates are expected to increase rotation benefits by 8.36% under SSP 1-2.6 and 13.83% under SSP 5-8.5. Despite these diverse climate impacts on both crops, increasing crop rotation could still improve county-average yields, as neither corn nor soybean was fully rotated. If we project that all continuous corn and continuous soybeans are rotated by 2051-2070, county-average corn yields will increase by 0.265 t/ha under SSP 1-2.6 and 0.164 t/ha under SSP 5-8.5, while county-average soybean yields will gain 0.064 t/ha under SSP 1-2.6 and 0.076 t/ha under SSP 5-8.5. These findings highlight the effectiveness of crop rotation in the face of warming NGS and GS in the future and can help evaluate opportunities for adaptation.

Morphological adaptation strategy of invasive plant Ambrosia trifida seed distributed along rivers is closely related to soil nutrients

Rivers are crucial in the spread of invasive plants. Invasive plants alter their seed traits to adapt to environmental changes and promote invasion. Studying the trait changes in invasive plant seeds may improve the understanding of their propagation mechanisms along the river and provide appropriate control measures. In this study, seven Ambrosia trifida populations along the Liaohe River were used as study subjects. The results showed that the seven A. trifida populations were closely related and exhibited a certain gene exchange, but the absence of evidence of directed gene flow among populations did not confirm that rivers were the medium of seed dispersal of A. trifida. Along the Liaohe River, from top to bottom, the positive view area, length, width, perimeter, and thousand seed weight of A. trifida seeds showed an increasing trend. The total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the river water of the A. trifida population in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River were higher than those at the other sites. Furthermore, along the river, from top to bottom, the available nitrogen, total nitrogen, total potassium, available potassium, and organic matter contents in the soil in which A. trifida populations grew showed significant increasing trends. River structure, water quality, and soil nutrients had direct and indirect effects on seed morphology. Soil total nitrogen, available potassium, and organic matter had significant positive effects on seed positive view area and perimeter, suggesting that the maternal effect played a critical role in shaping seed morphology. Our analysis showed that soil nutrients along the river may be the primary driver that governs changes in A. trifida seed traits.

Adaptation strategies of soil microorganisms in resource changes and stoichiometric imbalances induced by secondary succession on the loess plateau

Sequestering farmland for secondary succession is an effective method of restoring ecosystem services to degraded farmland, but long-term secondary succession often alters ecosystem environments, resources, and substrate stoichiometry. Currently, it is not known how resource changes and stoichiometric imbalances due to secondary succession affect soil microbial community structure and function, hindering our understanding of the natural resilience for degraded ecosystems. Here, we assessed nutrient limitation elements, community structure, metabolic functions, co-occurrence network complexity, and community stability of soil microorganisms during secondary succession of abandoned farmlands on the Loess Plateau. Results showed that secondary succession significantly altered plant characteristics and soil properties, as well as causing stoichiometry imbalances in nutrient resources. Along the secondary succession chronosequence, microbial nutrient metabolism shifted from phosphorus (P) limitation to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) co-limitation. Microbial diversity, eutrophic flora, plant growth-promoting bacteria, and metabolism functional groups increased significantly during the 20 years after the abandonment of the farmlands, but decreased significantly with long-term succession. However, oligotrophic flora and P-solubilizing bacteria became dominant after 30 years of secondary succession on abandoned farmlands. The topological features of microbial co-occurring networks, including nodes, degree, closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector complexity, natural connectivity, and community stability first increased and then decreased with secondary succession. Correlation and random forest analyses indicated that secondary succession-induced stoichiometry imbalances in C:N and N:P, as well as changes in soil organic C and lignin phenols, were the key factors influencing microbial community structure and function. Overall, these results enhance our understanding of the adaptation strategies of soil microbial communities in ecologically managed regions to changes in ecosystem resources and stoichiometric imbalances.

Climate adaptation strategies for active transportation: Barriers and facilitators in U.S. cities

Despite efforts to mitigate climate change by promoting active travel, limited research has focused on climate adaptation for active transportation (CAAT) initiatives. To address this gap, we conducted a qualitative study based on interviews with 30 planning professionals to uncover what CAAT projects U.S. cities are implementing, their barriers, and their facilitators. We found that U.S. cities are increasingly implementing CAAT projects such as street trees and green stormwater infrastructure to address threats like extreme heat and pluvial flooding. Importantly, CAAT projects require collaborations between city departments (e.g., transportation and forestry). We also identified a complex network of barriers and facilitators shaping CAAT project implementation. Funding, politics, laws, and cross-department collaborations can be barriers and facilitators, and supportive (or unsupportive) politics and laws are strongly connected. Additionally, underserved communities face unique barriers to implementing CAAT projects, but recent facilitators such as dedicated funding have contributed to equitable investment.

An improved framework for mapping and assessment of dynamics in cropping pattern and crop calendar from NDVI time series across a heterogeneous agro-climatic region.

The absence of spatial and temporal cropping information in semi-arid regions poses a significant challenge in assessing the dynamics of agricultural systems at river basin scales. Satellite remote sensing provides qualitative and quantitative information to derive vegetation dynamics over extensive areas of inherent complexities due to limitations in the availability of field data and the diverse nature of agricultural cropping practices. Utilizing phenological information derived from MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series data from 2003-2004 to 2021-2022, this study derives major crop types, and cropping calendar (sowing, maturity, and harvest dates) for each season and year at 250-m resolution. This study introduces an integrated function-fitting model based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and a Lagrangian 3-point derivative-based approach to extract phenological events from the NDVI time series automatically. The derived phenological information is used in a hybrid crop classification algorithm that combines a rule-based decision tree approach (using the phenological events/dates) and a random forest classifier (using the phenological metrics) to generate the classified crop map at a river basin scale for multiple seasons and years. The implemented approach successfully captured sowing and harvesting dates for every crop growing season over 19years, with an RMSE of 9days, as observed with the available field survey data from 2015 to 2021. The classification results from this hybrid approach demonstrate an overall 82% accuracy. The proposed method shows a substantial improvement in cropping area estimation with a 60% reduction in MAE and RMSE compared to the existing algorithm. From the long time series of derived seasonal crop data (19-year analysis period), the influence of monsoonal activities and shifts on the spatial and temporal dynamics of sowing time and cropping patterns are assessed for a large river basin, demonstrating the utility of this continuous crop calendar. Further, an extensive analysis of results highlights farmers' adaptive strategies in response to dry and wet years, providing foundational insights for future studies on assessing the impacts of climate change. Hence, the hybrid framework adopted in this study for deriving a continuous crop calendar holds immense relevance for parameterizing and utilizing such information for developing river basin scale hydrologic and crop growth models for water resources planning and assessment.

Assessing The Impacts Of Climate Change On Desertification In Niger State, Nigeria

This study explores the impacts of climate change on desertification in Niger State, Nigeria. Desertification, exacerbated by climate change, poses significant challenges to ecosystems and communities in Niger State, Nigeria. This study examines the key drivers of desertification, its socio-economic impacts, and the effectiveness of adaptation and mitigation strategies. A survey was conducted among 120 respondents, revealing overgrazing and climate change-induced factors as the primary drivers of desertification, with deforestation, poor land management practices, and urbanization also playing significant roles. Respondents highlighted the complex interactions between climate change-induced factors, such as changes in rainfall patterns and increased temperatures, and their contribution to desertification processes. The socio-economic impacts of desertification were pronounced, including water scarcity, decreased agricultural productivity, increased poverty, and loss of biodiversity. While some adaptation and mitigation strategies are being implemented, there is a need for greater community involvement, policy support, and integrated approaches to enhance resilience and promote sustainable land management practices. These findings underscore the urgency of coordinated action to address desertification in Niger State, Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of holistic strategies that integrate climate change adaptation, sustainable development, and community empowerment.

Caregiver burden, attachment and cognitive emotion among the family caregivers of severe mental illness patients

BackgroundSerious mental illness (SMI) is a debilitating medical condition that causes stress and challenges for the family caregivers (FCs) of affected patients, increasing their caregiver burden (CB). This situation can activate attachment styles (AS) and trigger negative emotions, further contributing to CB. Given that AS and cognitive-emotional regulation (CER) can affect the CB of FCs of patients with SMI, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CB with AS, and CER among the FCs.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was carried out in May–November 2022. Participants were 278 FCs of patients with SMI consecutively recruited from Roozbeh leading psychiatric hospital, Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, an FCs’ demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Attachment Style Questionnaire, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers, and were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 16.0).ResultsCB had significant inverse relationship with secure AS (r = − 0.262) and significant positive relationship with fearful AS (r = 0.194) and dismissive AS (r = 0.242) (P < 0.01). Moreover, CB had significant inverse relationship with adaptive CER strategies and significant positive relationship with maladaptive CER strategies (P < 0.001). Regression analysis also showed that CB had significant relationship with secure AS and catastrophizing, rumination, self-blame, and positive refocusing CER strategies (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study concludes that AS and CER can impact CB. There is a negative relationship between secure AS and CB, as well as between adaptive CER strategies and CB. Conversely, there is a positive relationship between avoidant AS and increased CB, as well as between maladaptive CER strategies and CB. It is recommended to adopt strategies that promote the use of secure AS and adaptive CER among the FCs of patients with SMI.

Maximizing transmission capacity in optical communication systems utilizing a microresonator comb laser source with adaptive modulation and bandwidth allocation strategies

Traditional optical communication systems employ bulky laser arrays that lack coherence and are prone to severe frequency drift. Dissipative Kerr soliton microcombs offer numerous evenly spaced optical carriers with a high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and coherence in chip-scale packages, potentially addressing the limitations of traditional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) sources. However, soliton microcombs exhibit inhomogeneous OSNR and linewidth distributions across the spectra, leading to variable communication performance under uniform modulation schemes. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, to our knowledge, the application of adaptive modulation and bandwidth allocation strategies in optical frequency comb (OFC) communication systems to optimize modulation schemes based on OSNR, linewidth, and channel bandwidth, thereby maximizing capacity. Experimental verification demonstrates that the method enhances spectral efficiency from 1.6 to 2.31 bit ⋅ s−1 ⋅ Hz−1, signifying a 44.58% augmentation. Using a single-soliton microcomb as the light source, we achieve a maximum communication capacity of 10.68 Tbps after 40 km of transmission in the C-band, with the maximum single-channel capacity reaching 432 Gbps. The projected combined transmission capacity for the C- and L-bands could surpass 20 Tbps. The proposed strategies demonstrate promising potential of utilizing soliton microcombs as future light sources in next-generation optical communication.

An Analysis of Real Estate Market Responses towards Climate Resilient Policies in Malaysia and Indonesia

As global warming increases climate-related disasters, countries must address its impact on real estate. Malaysia’s National Policy on Climate Change, Green Building Index, and National Urbanisation Policy, along with Indonesia’s National Action Plan on Climate Change, Climate Resilience and Adaptation Strategy, and Disaster Management Law, highlight climate resilience in real estate. This study examines these policies and their effects on the real estate markets in Malaysia and Indonesia using qualitative methods. The findings reveal that property values in both countries have increased due to a growing emphasis on sustainability and durability in the market.

Optimization of Long Line Management in Seaweed Farming: Strategies for Increasing Farmers' Group Income in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia

This research aims to explore the role of the long-line method in increasing the income of seaweed farmers in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, while examining the challenges they face and the strategies they employ to overcome them. The study employs a qualitative case study approach, involving 15 seaweed farmers from various coastal villages within Pinrang Regency, representing diverse demographic backgrounds and experiences. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, allowing for an in-depth understanding of the participants' farming practices and challenges. The findings indicate that seaweed farmers increase their income by optimizing resources, collaborating within farmer groups, and adapting to environmental and market changes. Strategies such as space optimization, material reuse, and knowledge sharing among farming communities significantly enhance productivity and sustainability. Furthermore, farmers employ adaptive techniques to mitigate environmental risks and market volatility, including using durable materials and processing seaweed into higher-value products. The implications of these findings are crucial for policymakers and development organizations, as they highlight the potential of sustainable farming practices in improving the livelihoods of coastal communities. Policymakers are encouraged to develop support programs that promote resource optimization, foster community-driven farming networks, and train farmers in adaptive strategies. However, the study's limitations, including the small sample size and reliance on self-reported data, may affect the generalizability of the results. Future research should incorporate larger, more diverse samples and objective measures to enhance the robustness of the findings, and explore the long-term impacts of the long-line method on income and sustainability.

Integrated Defense: Combining Aspects of Social Media, Cyber and Technology in the Context of Asymmetric Warfare

Integrated defense is a core component of Indonesia's defense and security strategy, designed to protect the country's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national safety from both physical and non-physical threats, especially cyber threats. With the rapid technological advancements and the rise of social media, cyber threats have become a significant concern as they impact various aspects of national security. Indonesia's large population of internet and social media users heightens the urgency for strategic attention to cyber defense. The government has introduced various policies and regulations, such as those by the Ministry of Defense, to strengthen cyber security and integrate it into national defense mechanisms. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, analyzing literature and legal frameworks to highlight the significance of integrated defense in addressing modern, asymmetric threats. In asymmetric warfare, non-military means, including cyber-attacks, are used to weaken a nation's ideological, political, economic, and social systems. The research emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and adaptive strategy, involving collaboration between the government, private sector, and civil society, to counter these complex threats. Strengthening cyber defense through education, training, and public awareness is crucial for safeguarding Indonesia's national security in the digital age.

ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND FINANCIAL OPPORTUNITIES OF ONLINE RETAIL IN UKRAINE DURING THE WAR: ALIGNMENT WITH GLOBAL TRENDS AND INNOVATIVE PERSPECTIVES

This article serves both theoretical and practical purposes contributing to the body of knowledge, expanding our understanding of online retail development, particularly in challenging contexts, like wartime, suggesting further avenues for future studies, as well as providing practical guidance for Ukrainian online retailers, helping them improve their strategies, performance and financial capabilities, by stimulation of the innovation over emerging trends and opportunities. It explores the development and financial capabilities of online retail in Ukraine amidst the ongoing war, conducting a comparative analysis with global trends in consumer sentiments and retail business development. Retail is a fundamental pillar of any economy. It serves as a crucial intermediary between producers and consumers, ensuring the provision of essential goods for daily life. It is the main link in providing the population with everything necessary for everyday life and forming stable financial flows to replenish the country's budget. Consequently, the functionality and growth of retail are contingent upon its ability to swiftly adapt to evolving consumer behaviour, constantly finance investments in innovation, and actively seek new opportunities. The war against Ukraine is characterized by severe combat operations, including massive shelling and constant missile attacks. It has presented unprecedented challenges for retailers, including a significant shift in consumer priorities towards consumption, leisure, and future planning, resulting in a serious decline in purchasing power, disruptions to logistical routes, loss of personnel, fuel shortages, and blackouts. Despite these formidable adversities, over the 28 months of the war, retail, and particularly online retail, has demonstrated remarkable resilience, sustainable development and rapid recovery of financial capabilities.The conducted research is the outcome of a set of comprehensive analyses (trends, performance metrics, clustering) of the financial results of retail, primary challenges faced by Ukrainian retailers and the identification of effective adaptation strategies to ensure financial stability. Meta and content analysis with further synthesis of findings, could help to examine the implementation of service-oriented business models, such as marketplaces, which offer a vast array of products and competitive pricing, as a key adaptation strategy. The study also delves into the popularization of online retail and the trends in the transition to hybrid online sales like omnichannel, enabling a "seamless" customer experience through the synchronization of product, pricing, and order information across all sales channels. Additionally, retailers are actively working to enhance logistics and delivery speed through partnerships with logistics companies, establishing their own courier delivery services, and expanding their physical presence through retail outlets. A comparative analysis with international experience reveals the similarities and differences in the challenges faced by Ukrainian retailers, the factors contributing to success and the methods of transformation. It further explores the adoption of digital technologies and innovative approaches to maintain competitiveness and financial stability even under the challenging conditions of war.

An Analysis of Differential Evolution Population Size

The performance of the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is known to be highly sensitive to the values assigned to its control parameters. While numerous studies of the DE control parameters do exist, these studies have limitations, particularly in the context of setting the population size regardless of problem-specific characteristics. Moreover, the complex interrelationships between DE control parameters are frequently overlooked. This paper addresses these limitations by critically analyzing the existing guidelines for setting the population size in DE and assessing their efficacy for problems of various modalities. Moreover, the relative importance and interrelationship between DE control parameters using the functional analysis of variance (fANOVA) approach are investigated. The empirical analysis uses thirty problems of varying complexities from the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2014 benchmark suite. The results suggest that the conventional one-size-fits-all guidelines for setting DE population size possess the possibility of overestimating initial population sizes. The analysis further explores how varying population sizes impact DE performance across different fitness landscapes, highlighting important interactions between population size and other DE control parameters. This research lays the groundwork for subsequent research on thoughtful selection of optimal population sizes for DE algorithms, facilitating the development of more efficient adaptive DE strategies.

Towards Sustainable Transportation: Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control Strategies of a Four-Wheel-Steering Autonomous Vehicle for Improved Stability and Efficacy

The objective of continuous increase in the evolution of autonomous and intelligent vehicles is to attain a trustworthy, economical, and safe transportation system. Four-wheel steering (4WS) vehicles are favored over traditional front-wheel steering (FWS) vehicles because they have excellent dynamic characteristics. This paper exhibits the trajectory tracking task of a two degree of freedom (2DOF) underactuated 4WS Autonomous Vehicle (AV). Because the system is underactuated, MIMO, and has a nontriangular form, the traditional adaptive backstepping control scheme cannot be utilized to control it. For the purpose of rectifying this issue, two-state feedback-based methods grounded on the hierarchical steps of the block backstepping controller are proposed and compared in this paper. In the first strategy, a modified block backstepping is applied for the entire dynamic system. Global stability of the overall system is manifested by Lyapunov theory and Barbalat’s Lemma. In the second strategy, a block backstepping controller has been applied after a reduction of the high-order model into various first-order subsystems, consisting of Lyapunov-based design and stability warranty. A trajectory tracking controller that can follow a double lane change path with high accuracy is designed, and then simulation experiments of the CarSim/Simulink connection are carried out against various vehicle longitudinal speeds and road surface roughness to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented controllers. Furthermore, a PID driver model is introduced for comparison with the two proposed controllers. Simulation outcomes show that the proposed controllers can attain good response implementation and enhance the 4WS AV performance and stability. Indeed, enhancement of the stability and efficacy of 4WS autonomous vehicles would afford a sustainable transportation system by lessening fuel consumption and gas emissions.

Research on Bionic Robot Motion Control Based on Reinforcement Learning

This research explores the application of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the motion control of bio-inspired robots across various environments. Focusing on underwater, terrestrial, and aerial robotic models, the study integrates model-free Q-learning, Deep Q Network (DQN), State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA), and Double Deep Q Network (DDQN) algorithms. These methods are employed to achieve adaptive and efficient movement strategies without relying on pre-defined environmental models. The methodologies range from real-time data capture using live camera feeds for terrestrial robots to simulating aquatic and flight dynamics in controlled environments. Experimental results confirm the efficacy of these RL methods, demonstrating significant improvements in the robots' ability to adapt to dynamic and unknown environments, optimize movement efficiency, and navigate complex scenarios. The findings suggest a promising direction for future robotic applications, emphasizing the need for further research on optimizing these algorithms and expanding their real-world applicability. This study highlights the potential of RL to revolutionize robotic motion control, making robots more versatile and capable in varied and unpredictable settings.

Transboundary Aquifer Management Across the Americas: Hydro-Diplomacy as an Accelerator of Adaptive Groundwater Governance Amid Climate Change Challenges

The management of transboundary aquifers across the Americas faces significant challenges, especially as climate change and population growth intensify groundwater stress. Groundwater use has increased to support domestic, industrial, and agricultural demands but has been extracted through unregulated withdrawals, leading to the severe degradation of aquifer health and transboundary frictions. This study focuses on how hydro-diplomacy can accelerate the adaptive governance of shared groundwater resources in three key regions: Canada–USA, USA–Mexico, and Mexico–Guatemala–Belize. We utilized a mixed methodology by integrating a transect approach, borrowed from ecology, into the field of geopolitics. To compare the hydro-diplomatic relations and groundwater governance across a continental gradient in the Americas, we conducted a literature review and employed the TWINS conflict–cooperation matrix to evaluate governance frameworks and hydro-diplomatic interactions across time. Our findings demonstrate that hydro-diplomacy plays a pivotal role in expediting agreements, fostering transboundary data sharing, and supporting participatory governance models. In particular, the presence of supranational bodies such as the International Joint Commission (IJC) between Canada and the USA has been effective in maintaining long-term collaboration through social learning and technical cooperation. Meanwhile, in regions like Mexico–Guatemala–Belize, the absence of robust institutions has hindered progress, with limited financial and knowledge-sharing networks. This study highlights the need for improved cross-border cooperation mechanisms and the establishment of common monitoring protocols to better manage aquifer resources under the pressures of climate change. The results support the development of more adaptive transboundary groundwater management strategies aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.5.2 and call for broader geopolitical cooperation to address the complexities of groundwater governance.

Automatic control strategy of electronic and electrical engineering based on FPGA

Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) have demonstrated significant potential in the field of automation control due to their flexibility, programmability, and high performance. This study designs an FPGA-based automation control strategy for motor control systems, encompassing four core modules: signal acquisition, signal processing, control algorithm, and output drive. The signal acquisition module employs the AD9280 high-speed, high-precision ADC chip to achieve rapid and accurate signal acquisition. The signal processing module utilizes digital filtering and FFT analysis within the FPGA to extract key information such as motor speed. The control algorithm module adopts an adaptive fuzzy control strategy that fine-tunes control rules in real-time to ensure precise control. The output drive module generates PWM signals via the FPGA to drive the motor, guaranteeing efficient and stable operation. Experimental results indicate that the FPGA-based control strategy significantly outperforms traditional methods in terms of response speed and stability, capable of meeting the high-performance requirements of modern industrial motor control systems. This research provides new technical insights and practical references for the field of automation control in electrical and electronic engineering.

A Strategic Leadership Approach To Conflict Resolution In Papua

This study, titled "Strategic Leadership Approaches in Conflict Resolution in Papua," aims to explore how strategic leadership can contribute to resolving conflicts in Papua. The research focuses on two main areas: the impact of strategic leadership competencies on conflict resolution and the application of strategic leadership guidelines within organizational culture. First, the study examines the influence of strategic leadership competencies on the effectiveness of conflict resolution in Papua. These competencies include the ability to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies, as well as adapt to changing situations. The research evaluates how leaders with strong strategic competencies can facilitate dialogue, build consensus, and design sustainable solutions for long-standing conflicts. Second, the study assesses the application of strategic leadership guidelines within the context of organizational culture. Understanding the local culture and applying leadership principles that align with the organizational culture are central to this analysis. The research investigates how formal procedures and strategic control are used to manage and resolve conflicts effectively within organizations operating in Papua. The findings indicate that effective strategic leadership requires a deep understanding of the local context and skills in designing and implementing adaptive strategies. Integrating cultural values with leadership principles is crucial for building harmonious relationships and resolving conflicts. This research provides practical insights for leaders in designing more inclusive and responsive approaches to conflict resolution in Papua.

Морфофизиологический тестинг Linum ussitatissimum L. в условиях различного уровня хлоридного засоления

The selection of resistant varieties under conditions of abiotic stress is an urgent direction in the adaptive selection of flax. The presented work reflects the assessment of the phenotypic variability of 12 hybrid combinations of flax-longshanks according to the morphophysiological parameters of seedlings under the action of chloride salinization of two levels (E1, E2). The genotypes of flax of the fourth (F4) – fifth (F5) generations were used as objects of research. Significant differences (p&gt;0.05, p&gt;0.01, p&gt;0.001) between hybrid populations and media were revealed for most of the studied indicators. Genotypic features (G) caused the formation of flax combinations of dry shoot mass, chlorophyll content in cotyledon leaves (16.2 -37.7%), medium – raw shoot mass and chlorophyll content (30.6 – 50.0%), interaction of genotype and medium – root length, germination index (26.8 – 45.5%). The negative effect of two environmental conditions on seed germination and further development of flax seedlings has been established. By root length Gen1, Gen5, Gen9, Gen10, Gen11; shoot length – Gen1, Gen2, Gen3, Gen7, Gen12; raw root weight – Gen1, Gen4, Gen5, Gen10; dry root weight – Gen1, Gen4, Gen5; the crude mass of the shoot is Gen1, Gen5; the dry mass of the shoot is Gen1, Gen4, Gen5, Gen7; the chlorophyll content is Gen2, Gen8. Resistance to salt stress in two environmental conditions was characterized by 41.6% of combinations in shoot length, 33.3% in raw root weight, dry shoot weight, 25.0% in dry root weight, 16.6% in raw shoot weight, chlorophyll content, which can be recommended for further breeding work when developing an adaptive strategy for creating new flax varieties -dolgunts in the soil and climatic conditions of the Tyumen region. Keywords: FLAX, HYBRIDIZATION, STABILITY INDEX, SPAD-502 PLUS, SELECTION

Perceived Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Aquaculture in the Cyclone Prone Southwest Region of Bangladesh

The southwest region of Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to a range of climatic threats, including cyclones, prolonged flooding, sea level rise, saltwater intrusion, drought, and riverbank erosion. The study investigates how these different drivers affect aquaculture systems and aims to provide critical insights for sustainable management. The survey work focused on the problems, vulnerabilities, migration, and adaptive strategies of communities of the southwest region of Bangladesh, that rely heavily on shrimp, fish, and crab production for their livelihoods. Data were collected from the 80 respondents across four unions (Atulia, Burigoalini, Gabura, and Bhurulia) in Shyannagar Upazila, Satkhira District, using a structured questionnaire survey and focus group discussions. Findings reveal that climate change events have significantly changed shrimp farming in enclosures, pond aquaculture, and crab point management, and negatively impacted livelihoods. Pond aquaculture appeared to be the most vulnerable to climate change conditions, followed by shrimp farming in enclosures and crab points. Furthermore, the adverse effects of climate change compelled human migration within the study area, primarily driven by the search for employment. This study provides evidence of the effects of various climate change stressors on shrimp, fish, and crab production systems and the adaptive difficulties of the communities dependent on aquatic ecosystems. As the natural calamity like cyclone cannot be prevented, understanding the impact of previous events may help people of the affected area as well as the policy makers to plan for better survival.