Adaptive Self Research Articles

Switching On Luminescence in Nucleotide/Lanthanide Coordination Nanoparticles via Synergistic Interactions with a Cofactor Ligand

Amorphous coordination nanoparticles (CNPs) formed from metal ions and synthetic ligand molecules have been emerging as a new family of functional nanomaterials. [1] They are made up of polymeric networks of ligands and metal ions [2] and have been applied in many fields including catalysis, [3] bioimaging [4] and drug delivery. [5] The majority of CNPs reported to date contain hydrophobic ligand molecules and consequently they have mostly been prepared in organic media. Meanwhile, we have recently reported that water-soluble nucleotides serve as bidentate ligands. [6] Upon mixing nucleotides and lanthanide ions in water, coordination networks consisting of phosphate, nucleobase units and lanthanide ions form spontaneously and give amorphous nanoparticle structures as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. [6b] These nucleotide/lanthanide CNPs enjoy the full benefits of using biomolecules and lanthanide ions in water. For example, the large coordination number of lanthanide ions allows formation of amorphous coordination networks, in which densely accumulated nucleotides and lanthanide ions reveal efficient energy transfer and remarkable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties. [6b] Moreover, they exhibit surprisingly adaptive self-assembly properties, that is, amorphous coordination networks are formed around a variety of water-soluble guest materials during the course of assembly. [6b,c] The design of adaptive self assembly is considered to be one of the forthcoming issues in supramolecular chemistry. [7] We herein report a novel approach to bring out the latent photofunctionality of nucleotide/lanthanide complexes by inclusion of guest cofactor molecules. Synergistic interactions that operate between the cofactor ligands and host coordination networks confer the nucleotide/lanthanide CNPs

Self tuning control of wind turbine using neural network identifier

The nonlinear characteristics of the wind turbines and electric generators necessitate that grid connected wind energy conversion systems (WECS) use nonlinear controls. The present paper proposes an adaptive self tuning control strategy with neural network Morlet wavelet for WECS control. The proposed strategy is based on single layer feedforward neural networks with hidden nodes of adaptive Morlet wavelet functions controller and an infinite impulse response recurrent structure. The neuro controller is based on a certain model structure to approximately identify the system dynamics of WECS, and control its response. The proposed controller is studied in three situations: without noise, with measurement input noise and with disturbance output noise. Finally, the results of the performance of the new controller were compared with a multilayer perceptron network proving a more precise modeling and control of WECS.

Performance comparison of different voltage control schemes on distributed generation

The installation of Distributed Generation (DG) can have a significant impact on distribution system voltage regulation. The effects vary according to the DG device: in particular, synchronous generators present voltage control systems which interfere with the voltage regulation of the distribution systems. The paper analyzes two voltage control schemes for synchronous generators connected to MV distribution systems. They are designed according to different approaches: the first one is based on a fixed-parameter PID regulator whereas the second one employs an adaptive self- tuning technique. With reference to a case study, the two schemes are compared in terms of dynamic performance and dynamic interaction with distribution system voltage regulation, which is performed by the On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) of the supplying HV/MV transformer. systems which interfere with voltage regulation of the distribution system. The paper tackles the problem of comparing the performance achieved by two voltage control schemes on DG synchronous generators. The two schemes are designed according to different approaches: the first one is based on a fixed-parameter PID regulator whereas the second one employs an adaptive self-tuning technique. Particular attention is paid to dynamic performance and dynamic interaction with distribution system voltage regulation, which is performed by the On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) of the supplying HV/MV transformer. The comparison refers to numerical simulations of a case study.

Ego Identity of Adolescent Children of Alcoholics

The study examines the issue of ego identity among adolescent sons of alcoholic fathers. Forty-four adolescent sons of alcoholic fathers, age of 15-18, constituted the sample. They were drawn from public alcohol treatment center in Israel. The control group included 60 adolescents none of their parents is known as an alcoholic, sampled from integrative schools in the same neighborhood and matched by age. Ego identity was measured by Tzuriel's "Adolescent Ego Identity Scale" (AEIS). It was hypothesized that adolescent children of alcoholics will show lower scores of ego identity and of its dimensions. The hypothesis was not confirmed. To the contrary, adolescent children of alcoholics reported higher scores of "ego identity-total" and of four of the seven ego identity dimensions. One possible explanation is that children of alcoholics are maturing early in age compared to their controls. They have developed different coping strategies that facilitate creating a more "stable" ego identity compared to their peers. Another explanation is that children of alcoholics apply defense mechanisms that enhance the development of an "adaptive self."

Haptic perception and the psychosocial functioning of preterm, low birth weight infants

Infants born prematurely are often deprived of normative haptic experiences in utero and during their first few months of life. However, the neural mechanisms and pathways associated with haptic perceptions are the first to develop and the most mature of the sensory systems available to the premature infant at birth. As a result, haptic experience may be particularly salient to these infants and influence their psychosocial development in unique ways. Research to date suggests that the preterm, low birth weight infant's exposure to stimulating touch in the early months of life may improve neuropsychological outcomes and exposure to complex touch has been linked to greater adaptive self sufficiency at age two. Affective touch involving pleasurable, comforting sensations has been associated with fewer emotional and behavioral problems for these children and with greater security of attachment, but only for more robust preterm children. Harsh touch causing pain or distress is linked to more emotional and behavioral problems as well as to less adaptive, self-sufficient behavior. Frequent or supplemental touch has been related to better neuropsychological development, both mental and psychomotor abilities. However, frequent touch also predicts increased behavioral and emotional problems for preterm children, especially for children who are more fragile in their early months. Studies suggest that the infant's degree of tactile vulnerability may interact with actual haptic experience to influence resulting perceptions of touch. These differential haptic perceptions predict psychosocial outcomes and whether various dimensions of touch facilitate or inhibit the preterm infants’ psychosocial functioning. Haptic perceptions also influence and interact with other sensory perceptions to influence infant outcomes.

Adaptive Self-Tuning PIDD2 Algorithm

This paper describes the PIDD2 control algorithm, which has the adaptive self- tuning performance. Algorithm description is extended on antiwindup and state space version of algorithm, which together with PIDD2 synthesis was derived by author. The synthesis can be made in a continuous or discrete domain in control loop with proportional third order behavior of controlled plant. However, the algorithm can be applied for plants with higher order and plants with non-minimal phase or transport delay, which is shown in simulation experiments. The identification is followed by synthesis, which is in discrete domain with compensation of sampling interval effect to control loop response quality. Simulation experiments were performed on analogue model of controlled plants as hybrid simulation in real time and are commented in the paper.

Promoting Adaptive Self Care in Abuse Survivors

Abstract Turkus and Courtois (1996) have recommended a stage oriented approach to treatment of abuse survivors. The first stage of treatment emphasizes development of adaptive skills which the survivor can use to cope with her abuse experience. Their perpetrator's abusive actions devalue and dehumanize the abuse survivor. Focusing on survivors' capacity for adaptive self-care is particularly important the initial stage of treatment as survivors have often internalized this devalued sense of self. These perceptual remnants of abuse are frequently manifest as a diminished capacity for adaptive self-care. This article summarizes four activities designed to facilitate positive mechanisms for self-care. The over-riding goals of the interventions are to: (1) focus on the survivors' strengths, (2) empower survivors to be agents of change (3) normalize survivors post traumatic stress experiences, and (4) develop positive associational cues to counteract existing negative cues. The first activity uses the concept ...

Solution for the crisis in electric power supply

New techniques for grid monitoring, protection, and control have been perfected, and their judicious application can help reduce the frequency and severity of catastrophic failures. This article describes the development of an innovative multiagent approach to prevent and control catastrophic failures in large power systems. The research has created understanding of the origin and nature of catastrophic failures. This is achieved by an analysis of hidden failures in protection systems. Vulnerabilities associated with the power system, the information network, and the communication network are also evaluated. The approach is characterized by the extensive use of real-time information from diverse sources, coupled with the development of an evolving dynamic decision event tree. A novel multiagent based platform is used to evaluate system vulnerability to catastrophic events taking in account the market environment and competing entities. Several new concepts associated with wide-area measurements and controls, networked sensors, and adaptive self healing are used to reconfigure the network to minimize the system vulnerability. Approaches developed in this research will provide important solutions for power systems and other interconnected networks of the future.

Adaptive self superparasitism in a solitary parasitoid wasp: the influence of clutch size on offspring size

Summary In solitary parasitoid Hymenoptera, normally only one offspring per host survives. Parasitism with more than one egg by the same female results in siblicide and hence is generally maladaptive. The braconid wasp Monoctonus paulensis Ashmead is a solitary parasitoid of aphids, including the Pea Aphid. Although all but one offspring are eliminated by competition between first‐instar larvae, females often produce a multiple‐egg clutch, even when searching alone. The hypothesis that the size and, presumably, the fitness of the surviving offspring in a clutch are greater than that of singly developing counterparts was tested in the laboratory. Adult size was measured as dry mass in parasitoids developing in Pea Aphids that differed in size (instar) and growth potential. Parasitoid size increased with host size, and females were larger than males. Parasitoids developing in aphids reared under crowded conditions (which had low growth potential) were smaller relative to initial host size. As predicted, the male offspring of virgin mothers developing in a clutch were 4–5% larger than counterparts developing alone. Clutch size had no consistent effect on the size of male or female offspring of mated mothers, however. A female of M. paulensis laying a multiple‐egg clutch can gain in fitness in terms of increased offspring size. The surviving offspring has access to greater nutritional resources because superparasitized aphids feed more than single‐parasitized aphids; the former also contain proportionately more teratocytes, which are egg‐derived cells aiding in parasitoid nutrition. Evidence that some species of solitary parasitoids do better when developing in a clutch suggests that the solitary lifestyle may not be an evolutionary absorbing state.

The labile brain. I. Neuronal transients and nonlinear coupling.

In this, the first of three papers, the nature of, and motivation for, neuronal transients is described in relation to characterizing brain dynamics. This paper deals with some basic aspects of neuronal dynamics, interactions, coupling and implicit neuronal codes. The second paper develops neuronal transients and nonlinear coupling in the context of dynamic instability and complexity, and suggests that instability or lability is necessary for adaptive self-organization. The final paper addresses the role of neuronal transients through information theory and the emergence of spatio-temporal receptive fields and functional specialization. By considering the brain as an ensemble of connected dynamic systems one can show that a sufficient description of neuronal dynamics comprises neuronal activity at a particular time and its recent history This history constitutes a neuronal transient. As such, transients represent a fundamental metric of neuronal interactions and, implicitly, a code employed in the functional integration of brain systems. The nature of transients, expressed conjointly in distinct neuronal populations, reflects the underlying coupling among populations. This coupling may be synchronous (and possibly oscillatory) or asynchronous. A critical distinction between synchronous and asynchronous coupling is that the former is essentially linear and the latter is nonlinear. The nonlinear nature of asynchronous coupling enables the rich, context-sensitive interactions that characterize real brain dynamics, suggesting that it plays a role in functional integration that may be as important as synchronous interactions. The distinction between linear and nonlinear coupling has fundamental implications for the analysis and characterization of neuronal interactions, most of which are predicated on linear (synchronous) coupling (e.g. cross-correlograms and coherence). Using neuromagnetic data it is shown that nonlinear (asynchronous) coupling is, in fact, more abundant and can be more significant than synchronous coupling.

Multilayer LMS interference suppression algorithms for CDMA wireless networks

The general theory of adaptive self reconfigurable interference suppression schemes is applied to several specific practical problems mainly suppression of m-level m amplitude-shift keying, m phase-shift keying (PSK), and m quadrature amplitude modulation signals. This is a practical situation when a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) network is overlaid with standard microwave systems. Another example is a multirate CDMA network where a limited number of high bit rate CDMA signals are allowed to use much higher power level due to lower processing gain. The algorithm is well suited for a modular software radio concept, which we believe, will be more and more accepted in future wireless communications. Further modifications of the schemes necessary for these applications are described, and numerous results are presented to illustrate performance improvements. A general interpretation of these techniques based on so-called multilayer least mean squares (LMS) algorithm is introduced and discussed. The algorithm is based on estimating fast changing interfering signal parameters by using parallel structures, which are fast but complex. At the same time, estimation of slow-varying signal parameters over a large range is accomplished by using an LMS algorithm that is simple but slower. In this way, suppression of the interference occupying the same bandwidth as the CDMA signal is possible with reasonable implementation complexity. For this case, a BER 0 dB for binary PSK interference, J/S>17 dB for 8-PSK, J/S>27 dB for 32-PSK, and J/S>40 dB for 128-PSK.

Review essay: Narcissism and the interpersonal self.

Interpersonal approaches to the concept of a core self are explored in a review of Narcissism and the Interpersonal Self (John Fiscalini and Alan Grey, Editors). The role of the self as system and self as identity - both the interpersonal, adaptive self and the personal, core self - is used to understand the evolution of the Interpersonal School and its varied approaches to narcissism

Adaptive tree-structured self generating radial basis function

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new identification method called “Adaptive Tree-Structured Self Generating Radial Basis Function(ATree-RBF) ”. In this method, we combine the Sanger's tree-structured adaptive network for overall model structure, with the Maximum Absolute Error(MAE) selection method for sub-tree identification problem.

A System Approach to Pharmacodynamics. Input-Effect Control System Analysis of Central Nervous System Effect of Alfentanil

Virtually all biological variables, including those affected by drugs, are subject to adaptive self regulation. In the description of the pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs, it may be necessary to consider the endogenous control system (ECS) as an integral part of the PD. A PDECS model based on system analysis principles is presented and tested on PD data for alfentanil considering the central nervous system activity quantified by a power spectrum analysis of the electroencephalogram. The model was tested in terms of a proposed relative prediction performance criterion that measures the accuracy of future predictions relative to how well the model describes (fits) the past effect data. A mean value of 80% (standard deviation, 28) for relative prediction performance indicates that the model performs well when challenged by the complex multiple infusion scheme used in the test. The overshoot phenomenon observed in the data is considered by the PDECS model as a ECS-based tolerance phenomenon. The proposed development of tolerance is modeled as a variable gain in the ECS processing that influences the effect. Although the development and loss of tolerance is determined by a single rate constant in the tolerance model, the rates of increase and decrease of tolerance may be substantially different. Contrary to other PD tolerance models, the proposed PDECS approach models the tolerance in terms of an effect deviation from an ECS set point. The intrinsic (no tolerance) effect of the drug is isolated in terms of an open loop (no feedback) effect.