Adaptive Programming Research Articles

Phenotypic upregulation of hexocylceramides and ether-linked phosphocholines as markers of human extreme longevity.

Centenarians and their relatives possess a notable survival advantage, with higher longevity and reduced susceptibility to major age-related diseases. To date, characteristic omics profiles of centenarians have been described, demonstrating that these individuals with exceptional longevity regulate their metabolism to adapt and incorporate more resilient biomolecules into their cells. Among these adaptations, the lipidomic profile stands out. However, it has not yet been determined whether this lipidomic profile is specific to centenarians or is the consequence of extreme longevity genetics and is also present in centenarians' offspring. This distinction is crucial for defining potential therapeutic targets that could help delay the aging process and associated pathologies. We applied mass-spectrometry-based techniques to quantify 569 lipid species in plasma samples from 39 centenarians, 63 centenarians' offspring, and 69 noncentenarians' offspring without familial connections. Based on this profile, we calculated different indexes to characterize the functional and structural properties of plasma lipidome. Our findings demonstrate that extreme longevity genetics (centenarians and centenarians' offspring) determines a specific lipidomic signature characterized by (i) an enrichment of hexosylceramides, (ii) a decrease of specific species of ceramides and sulfatides, (iii) a global increase of ether-PC and ether-LPC, and (iv) changes in the fluidity and diversity of specific lipid classes. We point out the conversion of ceramides to hexosylceramides and the maintenance of the levels of the ether-linked PC as a phenotypic trait to guarantee extreme longevity. We propose that this molecular signature is the result of an intrinsic adaptive program that preserves protective mechanisms and cellular identity.

Process evaluation of the digital Health4Life intervention among a sample of disadvantaged adolescents and teachers.

Disadvantaged adolescents, including those from lower socioeconomic status (SES) or geographically remote backgrounds, engage in higher rates of risk behaviours, including poor diet, alcohol and tobacco use. While digital interventions targeting lifestyle risk behaviours show potential, few studies have focused on their implementation and relevance for this population. This study conducted a process evaluation of 'Health4Life', a universal school-based digital program targeting multiple behaviours, among a sample of disadvantaged adolescents. Participants were from six schools classified as low SES (Index of Community Socio-educational Advantage percentile score ≤ 25%), and/or regional using the Australian Statistical Geography Standard. Self-reported student (n = 214) and teacher evaluations (n = 16) assessed Health4Life's acceptability, with qualitative questions capturing areas for improvement. Teacher-reported implementation data (n = 16) measured intervention fidelity and feasibility. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and open-ended responses were thematically analysed. Compared to the entire sample, this subset of students evaluated Health4Life less favourably (66% versus 75%), with fewer enjoying the stories (63% versus 75%) and planning to use the skills and information (60% versus 70%). Teacher evaluations were mostly positive and aligned closely with the entire sample. Fidelity data also indicated comparable levels of student engagement (~92% versus ~85%). Key themes for refinement included improving content relevance and technical execution to better resonate with disadvantaged adolescents. While teacher evaluations suggest Health4Life is a valuable program in low SES or regional contexts, students' lower ratings indicate refinements are needed. Identified areas for improvement will guide co-designing the program's adaptation to improve effectiveness and relevance for disadvantaged adolescents. Trial registration: The Health4Life trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000431123).

Evaluation of Ports in Terms of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy: A Case Study

This study considers green port-based strategies that improve environmental performance in the context of urban areas and promote sustainable solutions to combat climate change. As an important component of the city, ports have a significant impact on socioeconomic development. In fact, given that ports in Turkey operate in limited spaces and city centers, pollution from port operations has a direct impact on both urban life and port workers. In recent years, the green port approach has become increasingly important within the scope of climate change adaptation programs. Particularly in Turkey, a large number of the ports are situated in the center of the city, which is bad for both the environment and community life. Although the Green Port Project in Turkey is currently voluntary, it will become a mandatory initiative in the coming periods due to Turkey's participation in the Paris Climate Agreement. In this study, the efforts to make Samsun Port, one of the important ports of Turkey, a green port are discussed. Studies on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation measures, renewable energy approaches and their impacts are mentioned. In addition, this study includes the evaluation of integrated management systems, adoption of renewable energy, sustainable waste management, and greenhouse gas emission calculations as important components of a large-capacity port in the Black Sea to contribute to regional development.

The universal role of adaptive transcription in health and disease.

In animals, adaptive transcription is a crucial mechanism to connect environmental stimulation to changes in gene expression and subsequent organism remodeling. Adaptive transcriptional programs involving molecules such as CREB, SRF, MEF2, FOS, and EGR1 are central to a wide variety of organism functions, including learning and memory, immune system plasticity, and muscle hypertrophy, and their activation increases cellular resilience and prevents various diseases. Yet, they also form the basis for many maladaptive processes and are involved in the progression of addiction, depression, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, autoimmune conditions, and metabolic dysfunction among others and are thus prime examples for mediating the adaptation-maladaptation dilemma. They are implicated in the therapeutic effects of major treatment modalities such as antidepressants and can have negative effects on treatment, for example, contributing to therapy resistance in cancer. This review examines the universal role of adaptive transcription as a mechanism for the induction of adaptive cell state transitions in health and disease and explores how many medical disorders can be conceptualized as caused by errors in cellular adaptation goals. It also considers the underlying principles in the basic structure of adaptive gene programs such as their division into a core and a directional program. Finally, it analyses how one might best reprogram cells via targeting of adaptive transcription in combination with complex stimulation patterns to leverage endogenous cellular reprogramming dynamics and achieve optimal health of the whole organism.

A closer look at the role of deubiquitinating enzymes in the Hypoxia Inducible Factor pathway.

Hypoxia Inducible transcription Factors (HIFs) are central to the metazoan oxygen-sensing response. Under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia), HIFs are stabilised and govern an adaptive transcriptional programme to cope with prolonged oxygen starvation. However, when oxygen is present, HIFs are continuously degraded by the proteasome in a process involving prolyl hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitination by the Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase. The essential nature of VHL in the HIF response is well established but the role of other enzymes involved in ubiquitination is less clear. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) counteract ubiquitination and provide an important regulatory aspect to many signalling pathways involving ubiquitination. In this review, we look at the complex network of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in controlling HIF signalling in normal and low oxygen tensions. We discuss the relative importance of DUBs in opposing VHL, and explore roles of DUBs more broadly in hypoxia, in both VHL and HIF independent contexts. We also consider the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of DUBs, and elaborate on the potential benefits and challenges of inhibiting these enzymes for therapeutic use.

The double-edged sword of self-tracking: investigating factors of technostress in performance-oriented cycling and triathlon.

This study is dedicated to the investigation of technostress caused by self-tracking in performance-oriented amateur sports and thus addresses a significant research gap in the understanding of stress factors operating in this specific context. Although technostress in occupational and private settings has been extensively researched, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects and specifics of technostress caused by the use of self-tracking technologies such as wearables and performance monitoring apps in sports. A total of 16 stress factors were identified, eight of which - information overload, distraction, unavailability, loss of control, lack of sense of achievement, unreliability, complexity and self-monitoring - are already known from the professional context and were transferred to the sports context. In addition, eight new stress factors specific to performance-oriented amateur sport were identified: Performance enhancement imperative, lack of context, digital visibility, feedback incorporation, measurement data fixation, comparison pressure, permanent monitoring and perception discrepancy. The study is based on a qualitative research approach with guided interviews conducted with performance-oriented amateur triathletes. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic and contextual nature of technostress in sport and provide a basis for the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed to reducing technostress, such as adaptive training programs or personalized feedback systems. The results thus provide a valuable starting point for future research, particularly for the investigation of coping strategies in relation to the identified stress factors. In addition to identifying eight new sport-specific technostress factors, this study clearly delineates how traditional work-related technostress factors are applicable to amateur sports. This contextual adaptation helps in understanding the unique pressures faced by amateur athletes and distinguishes this study within the field.

Bridging the Assessment Gaps: The Engaged Validation of Adaptive Leadership Behavior and Self-Awareness Scales

Effective measurement of adaptive leadership remains a challenge within leadership development programs (LDPs). This challenge is intensified by a gap between the theoretical concepts taught and the assessment tools employed, and by the divergence between developers and users of these tools. This study addresses these gaps by development of two new scales: Adaptive Leadership Behavior (ALB) with four factors and Adaptive Leadership Self-Awareness (ALSA) with three factors. In a collaborative validation process with a Midwestern non-profit leadership center, this research helps bridge the teaching-assessment gap by closely aligning the scales with the theoretical underpinnings of Heifetz's adaptive leadership. The findings empirically demonstrate that certain components of adaptive leadership, once seen merely as practices, are crucial for impact assessment. The scales measure key competencies such as seeking perspectives, surfacing conflict, making space for multiple perspectives, and acting experimentally, along with awareness of needs, defaults, and purpose. This study tackles the long-standing challenge of demonstrating the impact of adaptive leadership programs and interventions. It offers insights for future leadership research and skill development.

Perceptions of Participation for Wheelchair Rugby Team Members: A Qualitative Inquiry.

Although physical activity has been shown to influence physical, social, and emotional well-being, individuals experiencing quadriparesis often lack knowledge of and access to adaptive sporting programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions about wheelchair rugby's impact on community participation and well-being for individuals with quadriparesis and to identify functional barriers to participation. Qualitative semistructured interviews were used to explore the perception of participation in wheelchair rugby on community participation and well-being for adults with quadriparesis. Participants perceived that their participation in sports had positive benefits on community participation and well-being. In addition, participants identified barriers to participation for individuals with quadriparesis. Practitioners working with individuals with quadriparesis should consider sports participation when designing interventions and education.

How short-term temperature stresses affect leaf micromorphology and ultrastructure of mesophyll cells in winter rye Secale cereale L.

The effect of short-term high (+ 40 °C, 2 h) (HT) and positive low-temperature (+ 4 C, 2 h) (LT) stresses on leaf micromorphology and ultrastructure of mesophyll cells in winter rye was investigated. After HT, leaf blade relief became reticulate, while under control conditions and after low-temperature stress, leaf blade relief was folded. The ultrastructure of the leaf mesophyll cells of control plants was nominal: in the chloroplasts of regular lenticular shape, a well-developed thylakoid system immersed in a fine-grained stroma was clearly visible. Short-term HT caused the destruction of thylakoid membranes. A wave-like packing of granal thylakoids, a significant expansion of the lumenal spaces, and a disruption of the structural connection between the granal and stroma thylakoids were noted. There was an accumulation of lipid drops in the cytoplasm. LT stress caused intensive formation of plastoglobules, a decrease in the number and size of starch grains in the chloroplasts. Destruction of thylakoid membranes was not seen. After HT stress, the mitochondria noticeably "swelled", and the membranes of the cristae became less contrasting. After LT stress, significant changes occurred in the morphology of organelles: some of the mitochondria kept a round shape, but some acquired a lenticular or "dumbbell" shape. It was found that, depending on the type of temperature exposure, various adaptive programs are implemented in plant cells, which are accompanied by a complex of ultrastructural changes, thanks to which plants are able to successfully tolerate short-term exposure to stressful temperatures during active vegetation.

Disaster Management Strategy Through Social Capital Development

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest level of natural disaster vulnerability in the world due to extreme geographical and climate conditions. In facing this risk, the government has implemented a disaster management policy based on community involvement. One important aspect in this approach is social capital, which includes social participation, interpersonal trust, and community networks, as a crucial component to strengthen community resilience. This study explores the role of the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) in Lampung Province in developing weather literacy and disaster mitigation programs through digital media to build social capital in the community. The results of the study show that although BMKG has succeeded in increasing community participation through digital channels, community involvement is currently still passive and limited. To achieve comprehensive disaster preparedness, it is necessary to increase active community participation, strengthen trust through two-way communication, and expand community networks. With a social capital-based approach, BMKG is expected to be able to create a more responsive and adaptive mitigation program, making the community an active partner in facing the threat of disasters in the future.

An AMP-activated protein kinase-PGC-1α axis mediates metabolic plasticity in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma, the most frequent primary malignant brain tumour in adults, is characterised by profound yet dynamic hypoxia and nutrient depletion. To sustain survival and proliferation, tumour cells are compelled to acquire metabolic plasticity with the induction of adaptive metabolic programs. Here, we interrogated the pathways necessary to enable processing of nutrients other than glucose. We employed genetic approaches (stable/inducible overexpression, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout), pharmacological interventions with a novel inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in glioblastoma cell culture systems and a proteomic approach to investigate mechanisms of metabolic plasticity. Moreover, a spatially resolved multiomic analysis was employed to correlate the gene expression pattern of PGC-1α with the local metabolic and genetic architecture in human glioblastoma tissue sections. A switch from glucose to alternative nutrients triggered an activation of AMPK, which in turn activated PGC-1α-dependent adaptive programs promoting mitochondrial metabolism. This sensor-effector mechanism was essential for metabolic plasticity with both functional AMPK and PGC-1α necessary for survival and growth of cells under nonglucose nutrient sources. In human glioblastoma tissue specimens, PGC-1α-expression correlated with nonhypoxic tumour niches defining a specific metabolic compartment. Our findings reveal a cell-intrinsic nutrient sensing and switching mechanism. The exposure to alternative fuels triggers a starvation signal that subsequently is passed on via AMPK and PGC-1α to induce adaptive programs necessary for broader spectrum nutrient metabolism. The integration of spatially resolved transcriptomic data confirms the relevance of PGC-1α especially in nonhypoxic tumour regions. Thus, the AMPK-PGC-1α axis is a candidate for therapeutic inhibition in glioblastoma. KEY POINTS/HIGHLIGHTS: AMPK activation induces PGC-1α expression in glioblastoma during nutrient scarcity. PGC-1α enables metabolic plasticity by facilitating metabolism of alternative nutrients in glioblastoma. PGC-1α expression is inversely correlated with hypoxic tumour regions in human glioblastomas.

Adaptive Two-Stage Stochastic Programming with an Analysis on Capacity Expansion Planning Problem

Problem definition: Multistage stochastic programming is a well-established framework for sequential decision making under uncertainty by seeking policies that can be dynamically adjusted as uncertainty is realized. Often, for example, because of contractual constraints, such flexible policies are not desirable, and the decision maker may need to commit to a set of actions for a certain number of periods. Two-stage stochastic programming might be better suited to such settings, where first-stage decisions do not adapt to the uncertainty realized. In this paper, we propose a novel alternative approach, named as adaptive two-stage stochastic programming, where each component of the decision policy requiring limited flexibility has its own revision point, a period prior to which the decisions are determined at the beginning of the planning until this revision point, and after which they are revised for adjusting to the uncertainty realized thus far until the end of the planning. We then analyze this approach over the capacity expansion planning problem, that may require limited flexibility over expansion decisions. Methodology/results: We provide a generic mixed-integer programming formulation for the adaptive two-stage stochastic programming problem with finite support, in particular, for scenario trees, and show that this problem is NP-hard in general. Next, we focus on the capacity expansion planning problem and derive bounds on the value of adaptive two-stage programming in comparison with the two-stage and multistage approaches in terms of revision points. We propose several heuristic solution algorithms based on this bound analysis. These algorithms either provide approximation guarantees or computational advantages in solving the resulting adaptive two-stage stochastic problem. Managerial implications: We provide insights on the choice of the revision times based on our analytical analysis. We further present an extensive computational study on a generation capacity expansion planning problem with different generation resources including renewable energy. We demonstrate the value of adopting adaptive two-stage approach against the existing policies under limited flexibility and highlight the efficiency of the proposed heuristics along with practical implications on the studied problem. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant 1633196] and the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-18-1-2075]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0157 .

Enhancement of physiology via adaptive transcription.

The enhancement of complex physiological functions such as cognition and exercise performance in healthy individuals represents a challenging goal. Adaptive transcription programs that are naturally activated in animals to mediate cellular plasticity in response to stimulation can be leveraged to enhance physiological function above wild-type levels in young organisms and counteract complex functional decline in aging. In processes such as learning and memory and exercise-dependent muscle remodeling, a relatively small number of molecules such as certain stimulus-responsive transcription factors and immediate early genes coordinate widespread changes in cellular physiology. Adaptive transcription can be targeted by various methods including pharmaceutical compounds and gene transfer technologies. Important problems for leveraging adaptive transcription programs for physiological enhancement include a better understanding of their dynamical organization, more precise methods to influence the underlying molecular components, and the integration of adaptive transcription into multi-scale physiological enhancement concepts.

Exploring the physical, psychological, and social benefits of adaptive outdoor cycling in persons with stroke using a mixed methods approach

BackgroundStroke is a leading cause of disability world-wide. Community-based adaptive recreation programs may offer a way to enhance quality of life in persons with stroke. ObjectiveExplore the association between community-based adaptive outdoor cycling program participation and physical, psychological, and social outcomes in persons with stroke using both quantitative and qualitative data collection. MethodsMixed methods design, using prospective longitudinal quantitative data collection during a 16-week adaptive outdoor cycling program (Part 1) and a semi-structured interview/focus group (Part 2). Part 1 included baseline, 8- and 16-weeks assessments of physical, psychological, and social outcomes. Repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine within-group changes and effect sizes were calculated. Part 2’s transcriptions were coded for physical, psychological, and social outcomes. Results30 individuals post-stroke (ages 25-72) were enrolled in Part 1 of the study. ANOVA results showed statistically significant changes in all three areas: physical (resting heart rate, 10-meter walk test), psychological (well-being), and social (satisfaction with social roles) outcomes, all with large effect sizes. All other outcomes showed changes in the expected direction but did not reach statistical significance. Findings from qualitative analyses explained and expanded upon quantitative findings. ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of exploring the influence of adaptive recreation on not only physical but psychological and social outcomes. Due to the exploratory design of this pilot, future research is warranted.

A CNN-LSTM model for predicting wind speed in non-stationary wind fields in mountainous areas based on wavelet transform and adaptive programming

A CNN-LSTM model for predicting wind speed in non-stationary wind fields in mountainous areas based on wavelet transform and adaptive programming

Situational and personality factors of students’ adaptation preparedness

Introduction. The relevance of studying situational and personality factors of students’ adaptation preparedness is conditioned by the growing uncertainty of the future and the increasingly stressful conditions of social life. The study of adaptation preparedness factors is conditioned by the demand for psychological and pedagogical support of students at different stages of professionalisation at the university. The aim of the study is to identify the situational and personality factors of students’ adaptation preparedness and their correlation with regard for the significance, uncertainty and stressfulness of situations in the higher education environment. Materials and methods. The survey involved a number of higher education organisations of Saratov and its administrative region, Volgograd and Moscow (n=385) and was based on the following diagnostic toolkit: M.V. Grigoriev’s method of diagnosing adaptation preparedness of a personality, A.V. Zverkov’s and E.V. Eidman’s test-questionnaire “Study of volitional self-regulation”, V.I. Morosanova’s questionnaire “Self-regulation behaviour style – SBS-98”, as well as the author’s questioning scales in the context of assessing the learning environment situational parameters with regard for the significance, stressfulness and uncertainty of situations in the educational environment. Data processing was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27 package and AMOS software. The statistical procedures included descriptive statistics calculations, Pearson’s correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and moderation effect assessment procedure. Results. The students’ reported situations of greatest significance included lectures (3.81), practical classes (4.19), interaction with classmates having good relations with the respondent (4.40), and proper relations with the administration (4.01). Positive correlations were revealed between the adaptation preparedness indicators, the significance of situational factors and the pronouncement of personality-associated factors within the range of (0.103-0.631), as well as negative correlations between the adaptation preparedness components and independence within the range of (-0.126 – -0.225). The regression analysis revealed positive personality predictors of adaptive preparedness (perseverance (β= 0.223), flexibility (β= 0.281), modelling (β= 0.168), programming (β= 0.143) and self-control (β= 0.186)) and negative predictors represented by autonomy (β= -0.169). The significance of interaction with classmates having good relations with the respondent is a positive situational predictor (β= 0.198), while the negative predictors are represented by the stressfulness of practical classes (β= -0.168) and the significance of interaction with classmates negatively treating the respondent (β= -0.169). The subsequent moderation analysis of the interrelationship between assessing a situation (as significant, stressful and uncertain) and self-regulation revealed the pronounced level of personal self-regulation [β=0.521; R2=0.32] and marked assessment of situation uncertainty [β= -0.139; R2=0.02]. Conclusion. The obtained results may be of interest both for researchers exploring adaptation issues and practising psychologists providing support to students at a higher education organisation.

Admission Strategy for International New Students at the University of Mataram

Recruiting international students is highly beneficial yet challenging for universities in Indonesia. This study raised research focusing on strategies applied by Indonesian Universities to attract international students' willingness to enroll. It also figured out the challenges and solutions encountered by the students in their initial studies. This study adopted Vincent Tinto's theory about the factors affecting students' academic accomplishments and learning failures. Qualitative design, case study approach, and open-ended questionnaires were implemented. This study invited three staff members of the International Affairs and International Center as the participants. Thematic analysis was adopted utilizing Atlas. Ti software to analyze the data from the respondents following Kawulich's (2004) framework, encompassing Narrative, Coding, Interpretation, Confirmation, and Presentation. The result demonstrated some strategies implemented by Mataram University for international students, such as providing proper facilities, including library and study spaces, access to technology, and a health center. The university also utilizes international alumni to endorse the university in their home country. Alongside the hurdles, the university provides students with a welcoming ceremony that includes a language course, academic orientation, and cultural adaptation programs upon their arrival

Special Needs in Substance Use Treatment for Women Who Use Drugs: Social and Mental Health Factors

Women who receive substance use treatment have a particular classification of sensitivity to European drugs and drug use (according to the EMCDDA). The average level of women’s treatment is lower than men’s across Europe, while women’s abandonment is higher than men’s. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with problems for women who use drugs, analyzing several psychological and social factors (gender, substance use, mental health, source of economic support, legal status, and abuse). Methodology: This was a quantitative study. Data on 2179 people receiving rehabilitation treatment were obtained from the EuropASI survey. The dependent variables in this study were (1) a patient’s known history of addiction and mental illness; (2) primary drug use; (3) drug use in their lifetime and the past month; (4) mood in their lifetime and the past month, physical condition, and sexual abuse history; (5) mental illness in their lifetime and the past month (including suicide attempts); (6) legal status in their lifetime and the past month; (7) and source of income in the past month and (8) and the number of patients. The factor of gender was taken as a dichotomous variable (male–female). The confidence interval used was 95%. Results: In summary, we found that women had consumed more alcohol, used more drugs, and suffered more from depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation than men, both during their lifetimes and in the past month. In addition, women were more likely than men to be stigmatized for prostitution because their financial support came mainly from colleagues, friends, and family, as well as from prostitution. Finally, women had experienced more violence (emotional, physical, and sexual) during their lifetimes and in the last month than men. Conclusion: There appears to be a need to develop a comprehensive treatment network for addictive behaviors from a multifactorial perspective, including harm reduction, psychosocial support, and recovery programs; furthermore, targeting specific groups with special needs, such as women, especially those with mental health problems, women with alcoholism, and abused women, it also seems important to develop adaptive recovery programs within addictive behavior treatment networks.

Influence of Contemporary Philosophical Teaching Approaches on Students’ Learning Performance in Selected Universities in China: Basis for an Enhanced Teaching Program

This study explores the influence of contemporary philosophical teaching approaches on students' learning performance in selected universities in China. The research specifically examines the extent to which philosophical approaches like Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, Reconstructionism, and Behaviorism are manifested among educators and how these approaches impact students' engagement, attitudes, assignment quality, and grades. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study involved a comprehensive survey of university teachers, followed by a quantitative analysis of the data. The results indicate that Progressivism and Reconstructionism are the most prevalent approaches, showing significant correlations with enhanced student engagement and improved learning outcomes. However, Behaviorism demonstrated a notable predictive ability in influencing students' performance through structured reinforcement strategies. The study highlights the importance of integrating diverse teaching methodologies to cater to varying student needs and promote holistic educational development. These findings provide a basis for proposing a more enriched and adaptable teaching program aimed at fostering a more interactive and student-centered learning environment.

«Культурный шок» как необходимый этап процесса адаптации иностранных студентов-медиков в профессиональной среде российских вузов

The article examines the phenomenon of “cultural shock” experienced by foreign students in the professional environment of a medical university, as well as the difficulties faced by students during their first years of study. “Cultural shock” is presented not as a barrier to development, but as a necessary stage and challenge, through overcoming which the process of adaptation begins. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the adaptation of foreign students in a Russian university is a complex process that requires an integrated approach and a systematic adaptation program. Successful adaptation necessitates creating conditions that take into account cultural, national, ethnic, and racial (religious) differences. The author presents the results of a study conducted at Volgograd State Medical University among foreign students.