Adaptive Center-weighted Median Filter Research Articles

Development of a New Numerical Conjugate Gradient Technique for Image Processing

We present a new iterative conjugate gradient technique for image processing. The technique is based on a new derivation of the conjugacy coefficient and develops a variant of the classical Fletcher-Reeves conjugate gradient method. The derivation exploits a quadratic function model. The new method is intended to minimize the presence of noise by utilizing the adaptive median filter (AMF) to reduce salt-and-pepper noise, while the adaptive center-weighted median filter (ACWMF) is used to reduce random-valued noise. The theoretical convergence properties of the method are proven and then tested on a basic set of images using MATLAB. The results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the classical Fletcher-Reeves (FR) method, as measured by the signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The number of iterations and the number of function evaluations are also lower for the proposed method. The favorable performance of the new algorithm provides promise for deriving similar techniques that enhance the speed and efficiency of image-processing libraries.

An efficient method to remove mixed Gaussian and random-valued impulse noise.

Mixed Gaussian and Random-valued impulse noise (RVIN) removal is still a big challenge in the field of image denoising. Existing denoising algorithms have defects in denoising performance and computational complexity. Based on the improved “detecting then filtering” strategy and the idea of inpainting, this paper proposes an efficient method to remove mixed Gaussian and RVIN. The proposed algorithm contains two phases: noise classification and noise removal. The noise classifier is based on Adaptive center-weighted median filter (ACWMF), three-sigma rule and extreme value processing. Different from the traditional “detecting then filtering” strategy, a preliminary RVIN removal step is added to the noise removal phase, which leads to three steps in this phase: preliminary RVIN removal, Gaussian noise removal and final RVIN removal. Firstly, RVIN is processed to obtain a noisy image approximately corrupted by Gaussian noise only. Subsequently, Gaussian noise is re-estimated and then denoised by Block Matching and 3D filtering method (BM3D). At last, the idea of inpainting is introduced to further remove RVIN. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms quantitatively and visually to the state-of-the-art mixed Gaussian and RVIN removal methods. In addition, it greatly shortens the computation time.

基于分层滤波技术的冲击噪声检测与去除算法

本文提出了一种基于分层滤波技术的图像随机值冲击噪声检测和去除算法。为了解决经典自适应中心加权中值滤波技术在较高噪声比率下漏检严重的问题，我们采取逐级设置由高到低的噪声值判决门限来层层筛选噪声，利用不同高度的门限甄别出不同信赖度的冲击噪点，同时更新已检测出的噪声点值。每一层均得到一幅中间去噪图像，并继续进行噪声点的判决，最终得到完整的噪声点空间以及终极去噪图像。通过对多幅不同噪声比率的噪声图进行图像恢复的仿真实验验证后，得出结论：本文所提算法无论在低噪声比率还是高噪声比率的情况下均能有效地检测出图像中的随机值冲击噪声，漏检和误检像素数相对较低，同时获得了较好的图像去噪效果，极大地扩展了原算法的应用范围。 In this paper, an algorithm about random-valued impulse noise detection and removal based on the hierarchical filter technology is proposed. In order to solve the problem of severe miss detection of classical adaptive center-weighted median filter in the situation of high noise ratios, we set the noise judgment thresholds from high values to low values to select noisy pixels hierarchically. The impulse noise with different reliable degrees is selected through different thresholds and at the same time the detected pixel values are updated. The interim denoised image is generated in each denoising layer and the noise detection continues in the next denoising layer. Lastly, we get all the locations of noisy pixels and the final denoised image is obtained. Extensive experimental results for different noisy images with different noise ratios show that our proposed algorithm can obtain the good performance of random-valued impulse noise detection in the situations of not only low noise ratios but also high noise ratios. The miss and false noise detection ratios are both low relatively. At the same time, the good denoised images can be obtained. Our algorithm expands the application range of the classical adaptive center-weighted median filter.

An efficient median filter based method for removing random-valued impulse noise

In this paper, we propose a two-phase median filter based iterative method for removing random-valued impulse noise. In the first phase, we use the adaptive center-weighted median filter to identify pixels which are likely to be corrupted by noise (noise candidates). In the second phase, these noise candidates are restored using a median filter based iterative method which allows edges and noise-free pixels to be preserved. These two phases are applied alternatively. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method performs better than many well-known methods while preserving its simplicity.

Removal of Gaussian Noise from Degraded Images in Wavelet Domain

Observed images are often corrupted by Gaussian noise. If the image is embedded in small-amplitude Gaussian noise, the noise can be removed by applying a Wiener filter. Recently, the BayesShrink wavelet method has attracted considerable attention as a denoising technique. In this paper, we propose a method for removal of Gaussian noise of large amplitude as well as of small amplitude which cannot be removed only by exploiting the BayesShrink wavelet method. Our approach is a combination of the BayesShrink wavelet method with the directional adaptive center-weighted median filter. Applying the proposed method to an image corrupted by large-amplitude Gaussian noise, a clean image can be obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(1): 11–18, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10029

An Iterative Procedure for Removing Random-Valued Impulse Noise

This work proposes a two-stage iterative method for removing random-valued impulse noise. In the first phase, we use the adaptive center-weighted median filter to identify pixels which are likely to be corrupted by noise (noise candidates). In the second phase, these noise candidates are restored using a detail-preserving regularization method which allows edges and noise-free pixels to be preserved. These two phases are applied alternatively. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method is significantly better than those using just nonlinear filters or regularization only.

Space variant median filters for the restoration of impulse noise corrupted images

This brief proposes a generalized framework of median based switching schemes, called multi-state median (MSM) filter. By using a simple thresholding logic, the output of the MSM filter is adaptively switched among those of a group of center weighted median (CWM) filters that have different center weights. As a result, the MSM filter is equivalent to an adaptive CWM filter with a space varying center weight which is dependent on local signal statistics. The efficacy of the proposed filter has been evaluated by extensive simulations.

Center weighted median filters and their applications to image enhancement

The center weighted median (CWM) filter, which is a weighted median filter giving more weight only to the central value of each window, is studied. This filter can preserve image details while suppressing additive white and/or impulsive-type noise. The statistical properties of the CWM filter are analyzed. It is shown that the CWM filter can outperform the median filter. Some relationships between CWM and other median-type filters, such as the Winsorizing smoother and the multistage median filter, are derived. In an attempt to improve the performance of CWM filters, an adaptive CWM (ACWM) filter having a space varying central weight is proposed. It is shown that the ACWM filter is an excellent detail preserving smoother that can suppress signal-dependent noise as well as signal-independent noise. >